Segurança e eficácia tardia do stent com eluição de paclitaxel no infarto agudo do miocárdio: um estudo caso-controle / Safety and long-term efficacy of paclitaxel-eluting stent for acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study

Introdução: A segurança e a eficácia tardia de stents com eluição de paclitaxel (SEP) ainda são debatidas no infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Método: Para avaliar o desempenho dos SEP em pacientes com IAM tratados com intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP), 60 pacientes foram selecionados para uma análise tipo caso-controle, comparando um grupo com SEP (TaxusTM) e um grupo controle com o stent convencional análogo (Express IITM). Os parâmetros para escolha dos controles foram o comprimento e o diâmetro do stent, e a presença de diabetes melito. Eventos cardíacos adversos maiores foram avaliados durante o seguimento clínico. Reestudo angiográfico tardio foi realizado em todos os pacientes. Avaliação ultra-sonográfica foi realizada no grupo SEP. Resultados: As características basais foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Após 24,9 ± 5,3 meses de acompanhamento, houve uma revascularização da lesão-alvo (RLA) no grupo SEP (nova ICP), e uma morte não-cardíaca, um reinfarto e seis RLA (duas cirurgias e quatro novas ICP) no grupo controle. O grupo SEP apresentou menor risco de nova revascularização (3,3% vs. 23,3%; p = 0,02). Ao reestudo angiográfico realizado, em média, 8,7 ± 3,1 meses após o procedimento índice, a perda angiográfica tardia foi de 0,21 ± 0,29 mm vs. 0,60 ± 0,76 mm (p = 0,01) e a taxa de reestenose binária foi de 3,3% vs. 33,3% (p = 0,002) nos grupos SEP e controle, respectivamente. À ultra-sonografia, o grupo SEP apresentou obstrução neointimal intra-stent porcentual média de 4,7 ± 6,8%. Má aposição do stent foi observada em 8 (34,8%) pacientes. Conclusão: O SEP (TaxusTM) mostrou-se seguro e efetivo em paciente com IAM, durante seguimento clínico de dois anos.

Background: The long-term safety and efficacy of paclitaxeleluting stents (PES) remains debated for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Method: To evaluate the performance of PES in patients with AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 60 patients were subjected to a matched analysis comparing PES stent (TaxusTM) with an analogous bare metal stent (Express IITM) control group. Matching parameters included stent length and diameter, and diabetes mellitus. Major adverse cardiac events were evaluated during follow up. Late angiographic restudy was obtained for all patients. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) evaluation was performed in PES group. Results: Baseline and procedural characteristics were similar between PES and control groups. After a mean follow-up of 24.9 ± 5.3 months, there was 1 target lesion revascularization (TLR) in the PES group (re-stenting) and 1 non cardiac death, 1 re-AMI and 6 TLR (2 surgical revascularizations and 4 re-PCI) in the control group. Patients of PES group had a lower risk of repeat revascularization (3.3 vs. 23.3%; p = 0.02). At angiographic restudy 8.7 ± 3.1 months after index procedure, angiographic late loss was 0.21 ± 0.29 vs. 0.60 ± 0.76 mm (p = 0.01) and the binary reestenosis rate was 3.3 vs. 33.3% (p = 0.002) in the PES vs. control groups respectively. At IVUS evaluation, average percent in-stent neointimal obstruction of PES group was 4.7 ± 6.8%. Stent malapposition was observed in 8 patients (34.8%). Conclusion: Paclitaxel-eluting stents (TaxusTM) appeared safe and effective in patients with acute myocardial infarction at a two-year period follow-up.

A cineangiocoronariographical study of the irrigation of the sinuatrial node and perinodal area in human hearts

Since the initial description of the sinuatrial node and its vascularization, numerous studies have shown the importance of the sinuatrial nodal branch (SNA). In this work, we examined the anatomy of this atrial branch using cineangiography. We reviewed the records of 100 cineangiocoronariographies done between October 1991 and November 1992 in the teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Triângulo Mineiro. The records of patients with artificial pacemakers or who had undergone cardiac surgery were not included. All the records showed left anterior oblique and right anterior oblique projections of both coronary arteries. In 65 por cento of the cases, the SNA occurred as a branch of the right coronary artery, and in 33 por cento it derived from the left coronary artery. Double irrigation of the sinuatrial area was seen in 1 por cento of the cases, and in 1 por cento of the cases the SNA originated from the aorta. In 76.9 por cento of the cases, the branch was of the medial anterior type and became less frequent in the distal part of the coronaries. There were no significant sex-related (χ2 = 0.0092), or racial (χ2 = 0.1241) differences. These finding were similar to those of studies based on anatomical or angiographic approaches. We conclude that the SNA can arise from any coronary artery, with no single, specific origin, and that there are no gender or race-related differences in this pattern.