Evaluate the role of endoscopy and ultrasonography in patients of portal hypertension

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of endoscopy and ultrasonography in pediatric patients suffering from portal hypertension .subjects: children under 12 years of age hospitalized with any symptom or sign suggestive of portal hypertension.Methods: The study was conducted in 30 children with portal hypertension. They were divided into two groups on the basis of site of lesion: extrahepatic (extra hepatic portal vein obstruction) and intrahepatic (chronic liver diseases).Results: Mean age of children with EHPVO (extra hepatic portal vein obstruction) was 4 years and 4 months while that of children with CLD (chronic liver diseases) mean age was 8 years and 4 months. Endoscopic findings in patients with EHPVO have severe grade of varices as compared to those with CLD. In patients with EHPVO, the most common USG finding was nonvisualisation of the main portal vein or either branch (75-85%). Portal vein cavernoma was seen in 75% of these patients. Portosystemic collaterals were visualized in 23 patients' in which the left gastric collateral (60%) was the most common followed by short gastric collaterals in 11 children (55%).Conclusions: Endoscopy and ultrasonography are new and better modalities to assess the diagnosis and severity of portal hypertension. Extra hepatic portal vein obstruction is the commonest cause followed by intrahepatic obstruction (Chronic liver diseases).

Suicide pact by hanging: A case report.

Suicides are more likely to occur during periods of socioeconomic, family and individual crisis. A suicide pact is an agreement between two people to end their lives. Most suicides are solitary and private; but few results from a pact between 2 people to die together. It is predominantly made by male-female partners and by less violent methods. Suicide pact between people of the same gender is an unusual event. We discussed a case of a suicide pact where a 19-year-old male and a 20-year-old male who were friends committed suicide by hanging because of drug addiction and poverty. Two young adult male made a pact to commit suicide by hanging themselves from a ceiling hook. It is unique case in this regard. Suicide pact is also very interesting from the perspective of medical examiners. They need to make comprehensive postmortem examination to finally conclude the proper cause and the manner of death.

Estimation of height from measurements of foot length in Haryana Region.

The present study was carried out on the measurements of foot length and body height of total 103 students between 21 to 32 years of age. The study was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine and toxicology at Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana State, India. A total number of 103 (52 males, 51 females) medical students of state of Haryana were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using standard anthropometric instruments in centimeters to the nearest millimeter. All the measurements were taken in a well lighted room. Obtained data was analysed and attempt was made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between foot length and height of an individual. A good correlation of height was observed with foot length and it was statistically highly significant. The results of the present study would be useful for Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine Experts.