El juego como herramienta de intervención en las orientaciones técnicas de los programas ambulatorios de SENAME, una mirada crítica desde la Terapia Ocupacional / The use of play as an intervention tool in the technical orientations of sename's outpatient programs, documentary review; a critical analysis from the perspective of occupational therapy

Introducción: Desde la perspectiva de Terapia Ocupacional y Ciencia de la Ocupación, la participación en ocupaciones es primordial para la adquisición y fortalecimiento de las destrezas y habilidades para la vida, siendo el juego en la niñez y adolescencia, fundamental para fortalecer el desarrollo y crecimiento integral. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la importancia que se le asigna a las ocupaciones significativas, para los niños, niñas y adolescentes, específicamente el juego y su incorporación como herramienta de intervención en los programas ambulatorios del SENAME. Metodología: La metodología utilizada en la investigación fue la revisión y análisis descriptivo de documentos de orientaciones técnicas utilizados en los programas ambulatorios de SENAME. Resultados: Se observa que, en la mayoría de estas directrices, no considera el juego o actividades recreativas como estrategia de intervención terapéutica, con los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Conclusiones: Desde la mirada de la Terapia Ocupacional, se realiza un análisis y reflexión considerando el enfoque de derechos humanos, justicia ocupacional y ciencia de la ocupación, acerca de la relevancia de incorporar en las orientaciones técnicas, el juego dentro del proceso terapéutico de los involucrados.

Introduction: From the perspective of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, participation in occupations is essential for the acquisition and strengthening of skills and abilities to face challenges of everyday life, therefore, play in childhood and adolescence is fundamental to strengthen their development and integral growth. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the importance assigned to significant occupations for children and adolescents, specifically play and its incorporation as an intervention tool in SENAME's outpatient programs. Methodology: The methodology carried out in this research was reviewing and making a descriptive analysis of technical guideline documents used in SENAME's outpatient programs. Results: It is observed that in most of SENAME's guidelines, play or recreational activities are not considered as a therapeutic intervention strategy to apply in children and adolescents. Conclusions: From the perspective of Occupational Therapy, an analysis and reflection is carried out considering the approach of human rights, occupational justice and science of the occupation about the relevance of incorporating play in the technical orientations in the therapeutic process of those involved.

Factores sociodemográficos y de participación social relacionados con el bienestar psicológico en adultos mayores en la región de Magallanes, Chile / Wellbeing of Chilean older adults is associated with group participation

Background: Subjective aspects such as personal growth and the development of their potential are relevant for the perception of wellbeing of older adults. These dimensions appear to be connected with meaningful group participation. Aim: To assess the perception of psychological wellbeing of older adults in a Chilean region and determine its association with socio-demographic variables and participation in organizations. Material and Methods: Ryff’s scale of psychological wellbeing perception was applied to 101 adults (43 men) from Magallanes, aged 60 and 88 years. Sociodemographic data was also collected. Results: Mean wellbeing scores reported were 193.7 ± 20 (maximum score: 234). Those older adults who participated in organizations had higher scores than those who did not take part in them. Participation in organizations appeared to be specifically associated to positive relationships (p = 0.03) and personal growth (p < 0.01). The number of organizations in which older adults participated was positively correlated with the perception of wellbeing (p < 0.01). Greater personal wellbeing was associated with leadership roles in organizations (p = 0.01). Significant differences between level of schooling and personal growth (p = 0.01) were also observed found. There were no differences associated with sex, age and marital status. Conclusions: The perception of wellbeing of older adults is influenced by their participation in organizations. Leadership is associated with the highest levels of wellbeing.