Vascular Variations Of The Kidneys: Case Report And Mini Review

Background: The diversity of the human body structure which results to a great variety of vascular branching,seems to be endless. The vascular variations of the renal arteries are among the most frequent discovered ones.We present such a case, found during an educational cadaveric dissection.Results: Vascular branching alternations from the norm were observed in both kidneys of the case report. Abilateral presence of additional arteries, a polar one in the right side and a hilar one in the left side, with adouble renal vein in the left side were observed.Conclusions: Anatomy of the renal vessels usually is depicted with a plethora of variants. Clinicians should beaware that the renal topographical anatomy presents such difficulties, in order for complications to be avoidedduring various procedures.

Bilateral Origin of the Testicular Arteries from the Lower Polar Accessory Renal Arteries / Origen Bilateral de las Arterias Testiculares desde las Arterias Renales Polares Inferiores Accesorias

The gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian arteries) emerge normally from the lateral aspect of the abdominal aorta, a little inferior to the renal arteries. Several other sites of origin of these arteries have been recorded with the renal and accessory renal arteries being the most common. In the present case report, the testicular arteries originated from the lower polar accessory renal arteries in both sides. The testicular veins followed had the usual origin and course, while an accessory renal vein was observed only in the right side. These anomalies were combined with an abnormal left ureter exiting from the lower pole of the kidney. Only one male cadaver among 77 adult human cadavers of Caucasian origin presented this set of variations (frequency: 1.3%). Variations of renal and gonadal vessels are important, as their presence could result in vascular injury of any accessory or aberrant vessel if the surgeon does not identify them.

Las arterias gonadales (testiculares o ováricas) se originan normalmente de la parte lateral de la parte abdominal de la aorta, distal a las arterias renales. Se han registrado otros lugares de origen de estas arterias, entre ellos, los más comunes en las arterias renales y renales accesorias. En el presente caso, las arterias testiculares se originaron bilateralmente desde las arterias renales polares inferiores accesorias. Las venas testiculares siguieron el origen y curso habitual, mientras que una vena renal accesoria sólo se observó en el lado derecho. Estas anomalías se combinaron con un uréter izquierdo anormal que salía desde el polo inferior del riñón. Sólo un cadáver de sexo masculino, de origen caucásico, entre los 77 cadáveres humanos adultos, presentaba este conjunto de variaciones (frecuencia: 1,3%). Las variaciones de los vasos renales y gonadales son importantes. Su presencia, si el cirujano no los identifica, puede resultar en lesiones vasculares de algún vaso accesorio o aberrante.

An unusual termination of seven veins in the jugulo-subclavian junction / Inusual terminación de siete venas en la unión yugulo-subclavia

During anatomical dissection of a female Caucasian cadaver in our department, we observed an unusual termination of seven veins at the jugulo-subclavian junction. Normally, the jugulo-subclavian junction is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein, and gives rise to the brachionocephalic vein. In our case, except from these two, five additional veins, namely the cephalic vein, the transverse cervical vein, the external jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and the vertebral vein, were also joined at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. Such a variation has not yet been reported in the literature.

Durante la disección anatómica de un cadáver caucásico femenino, se observó una inusual terminación de siete venas en el lugar de unión yúgulo-subclavia. Normalmente, la unión yúgulo-subclavia consiste en la unión de la vena yugular interna y la vena subclavia, que forman la vena braquiocefálica. En nuestro caso, además de estas dos venas, se observaron cinco venas adicionales, la vena cefálica, la vena cervical transversa, la vena yugular externa, la vena yugular anterior y la vena vertebral, la que también se unió en el nivel de la unión yúgulo-subclavia, a fin de formar la vena braquiocefálica. Tal variación no ha sido reportado en la literatura.