RESUMO
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence is rising in developing countries. It is associated with varied fetal and maternal morbidities. Normal pregnancy is also associated with insulin resistance in later half of pregnancy, which along with other pathogenic mechanism like decreased β cell response is associated with GDM. Glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose GDM but there is controversy in cut-off values in different group. As HAPO (Hyperglycemia associated Pregnancy outcome) trial results are showing fetal and maternal morbidities associated with maternal hyperglycemia, there is a need of early diagnosis of GDM and proper management using appropriate diagnostic cut-off.
RESUMO
Leptin, an adipocytokine was discovered in 1994 as putative hormone involved in appetite control acting at hypothalamic level. Since its discovery lot of work has been done over this novel molecule and in variety of physiological domains. Previously it was speculated that fertility, which is the basis of species progression has link with total body mass and energy. Leptin which is involved both in appetite regulation and reproductive process is thought to be have role in fertility regulation. Leptin is secreted from adipose tissue, which is marker of energy reserve of the body. In this review the role of leptin in regulation of fertility has been discussed.