Comparison Of Instrumentation Time And Cleaning Efficacy Of Manual K–File, Rotary Protaper Universal And Rotary Protaper Next In Primary Anterior Teeth: An In–Vitro Study

Introduction: Pulpectomy of primary teeth with severe pulpal involvement is one of the most important concerns in Pediatric Dentistry.Root canal instrumentation is performed with files, reamers, sonic instruments and recently with rotary instruments. Although manual instrumentation is widely used in primary teeth, but they have limitations.The development of nickel titanium alloys and the possibility of changing the traditional design and taper have allowed use of rotary instruments in endodontic treatment. A new generation of NiTi rotary files has been introduced as the Protaper Next. Aim : The present study aimed to compare the instrumentation time and cleaning efficacy of Protaper Next with rotary Protaper Universal system and manual K file in pediatric endodontics. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro experimental study was conducted by injecting Indian ink in a total sample of 60 human single rooted primary anterior teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups, including K-file,ProTaper Universal, Protaper Next and one control group. The root canals were prepared using one of the three file system followed by clearing the teeth with different demineralising solutions.A chronometer was used to calculate the instrumentation time in each root canal and scores were analysed by a steremicroscope. Data analyses were performed using version 21.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: In the coronal third of root canals cleaning efficacy of K Files and ProTaper Next showed almost similar score.In the middle third of root canals cleaning efficacy scores in two file systems were significantly lower than K files . In the apical third ProTaper Next showed better cleaning efficacy compared to K files and ProTaper Universal Files systems. Difference between the different groups was statistically significant P=0.000(<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the use of Ni-Ti rotary instruments in the pulpectomy of primary anterior teeth represents a promising technique in pediatric patients, thus instrumentation is feasible, offeringtime-saving advantages in root canal preparation

Benefits of Probiotics in Oral cavity – A Detailed Review.

The development of resistance to a range of antibiotics by some important pathogens has raised the possibility of a return of humans to the pre-biotic dark ages. The time has come to shift the paradigm of treatment from specific bacteria elimination to altering the bacterial ecology by probiotics. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of various oral diseases, it is necessary to understand the role of the ecology and microbiology of the oral cavity. Thus, the concept of bacteriotherapy has been an emerging field in dentistry. Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts and has been found beneficial to the host health. They help in stimulating health promoting flora and also suppressing pathogens which cause and spread diseases. In the medical field, probiotics are used mainly in support therapy for gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, probiotics are being used as a treatment for various oral diseases. The aim of this review is to examine potential mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity and summarize observed effects of probiotics with respect to oral health. The review focuses on probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria genera that are most utilized in various probiotic products.

Psychosomatic Disorders Affecting the Mouth: A Critical Review.

Modern medicine has come to the realization that the human body cannot be treated in terms of a mere sum of its different parts, but must rather be dealt with in terms of the psychophysiological aspects of the organisms as a whole. The mouth is a window to body’s health and oral health state can offer lot of clues about the overall health and sometimes the first sign of a disease shows up in mouth. So there is need to learn more about the intimate connection between oral and overall health. A psychosomatic disorder involves both body and mind and these diseases have physical symptoms originating from mental or emotional causes like stress, anxiety and depression. There is a rapid upsurge in prevalence rates of psychosomatic disorders in past few decades globally as a consequence of rapidly changing modern life style of people as well as long standing emotion, social and professional stress. It cannot be argued that there are a significant number of patients reporting to the dental office with complaints primarily of psychological origin that affects oral and paraoral structures having definite psychosomatic cause but unfortunately remained unrecognized because of limited nature of their presenting features. Such patients consistently complain of a symptom that he or she interprets as abnormal but dentist can find no convincing physical explanation for the same. This has emerged as one of the most difficult problems faced in clinical practice these days for the dental professionals. Thus this review highlights the significance of increasing psychological factors in society resulting in altered physiological responses causing orofacial region pathologies, struggles in handling such patients and challenging treatment plans with highly important role played by recognition of such patients with role of counseling and early referral in patients to psychiatrist.

Role of Free Radicals and Common Antioxidants in Oral Health, an Update.

Free radicals have been implicated in the etiology of large number of major diseases. They can adversely alter many crucial biological molecules leading to loss of form and function. Such undesirable changes in the body can lead to diseased conditions. Antioxidants are compounds which destroy the free radicals in the body, thereby preventing against harmful oxidation- reduction reactions. Antioxidants are critical for maintaining optimum health and wellbeing. The best sources are fruits and vegetables which provide a variety of antioxidants like Vitamins A, C, E & carotenoids. As in every medical field, the usage of antioxidants is becoming more frequent in dentistry also. It can help adjunct treating the progress of oral problems such as periodontitis or gingivitis or progression of potentially malignant disorders to malignancy. Thus, a greater consumption of fruits and vegetables should be encouraged as they are the natural sources of these chemopreventive antioxidant along with other protective factors packaged by nature. This review focuses on commonly used effective antioxidants in different oral and dental pathologies as a new generation adjunctive remedy.