Screening for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts from Local Vegetables in Northeast Thailand

Background: Northeast region of Thailand is one of the rich source of vegetables, the favorite Thai food in daily diet. There are very few pharmacological studies in folk vegetables.Objectives: This study described screening tests for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 10 local vegetables inhabitated in the Northeast region of Thailand.Method: Analgesic activity was assessed by writhing test and tail flick test. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by rat hind paw edema model.Results: The water extract of vegetables at 1 g/kg administered orally in Swiss albino male mice was used to test for analgesic activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test model. The extracts from Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Tiliacora triandra Diels., Barringtonia acutangula Gaerth., Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern\&Coss., Limnophila aromatica (Lomk) Merr., Piper samentosum Roxb. Ex. Hunter and Anethum graveolens Linn. elicited significant inhibition of writhing reflex by 35-64% (p

Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetic Study of Sildenafil in Healthy Thai Male Volunteers

Background: Sildenafil is a popular drug used for improving penile erectile function that has been commercially available through several manufacturers and distributors in Thailand. Therefore, it is necessary to study bioequivalence of the drugs obtained from the original manufacture and from a local manufacturer to ascertain that they can be medicated interchangeably.Objective: To determine whether two sildenafil preparations: Test (Erec®, Unison Laboratories, Co., Ltd., Thailand) and reference, (Viagra®, Pfizer Pty Limited., Australia) are bioequivalent.Design: Single oral dose and double-blind randomized two-way crossover.Population and samples: Fifteen healthy Thai male volunteers.Setting: Department of pharmacology, and Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University.Methods: The subjects received either 100 mg of the reference or test formulation. Blood samples were collected from catheter at several time points after sildenafil administration up to 12 hours. The bioequivalence between the two formulations was assessed by comparison of the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve of time, from 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t last).Results: All subjects were well tolerated and presented no serious side effect. Statistical analysis revealed that the 90% confident intervals (CI) for the ratios between test and reference drugs of the log transformed the Cmax (0.8377-1.1985) and AUC0-t last (0.8610-1.1590), are within the Food and Drug Administration Guideline range of bioequivalence (0.80 to 1.25).Conclusions: It can be concluded that the 100 mg formulation of Test (Erec®) is bioequivalent to the Reference.Keywords: sildenafil, bioequivalence