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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(4): 420-427, abr. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560194

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bioaccumulation of toxic metals in the population is associated with adverse health effects. Although some elements are essential for humans, high levels of exposure can be dangerous. OBJECTIVE: To describe the levels of Inorganic Arsenic (AsIn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Mercury (Hg) in urine, and Lead (Pb) in blood in the population of Arica, Chile. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive study. Beneficiaries of the Health Surveillance Program of Law 20.590 in sites of higher risk of exposure in the commune of Arica were considered eligible. The results of biological samples to measure their concentrations of AsIn, Cd, Cr, Hg in urine, and Pb in blood between August 2016 and May 2021 are described. RESULTS: 9520 samples from a population with a mean age of 40.5 years were studied. 4.21% of the adult population and 6.57% of the children had AsIn values above 35 μg/L, while at least 95 % of the total samples had levels below 33 μg/L. At least 90 % of the samples had Cd levels below 1.1 μg/L, and 8.44 % had Cd levels above 2 μg/L, higher in males (11.67%). There were no values above the reference in children. 99.77% and 99.33% had Cr and Pb values below the reference limit, respectively (using the lowest reference range established by Chile Ministry of Health (MINSAL) < 5 μg/L). Children did not present risk values for Cr, and 0.16% presented Pb concentrations between 5-10 μg/dL. All samples presented Hg concentrations below risk levels (< 10 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that a small percentage of the samples analyzed in the beneficiary population of Arica register metal concentration levels above national reference levels established by MINSAL, mainly AsIn, Cd, and Pb. It is essential to continue biomonitoring to reduce and prevent exposure to these metals, which can have harmful effects on human health.


ANTECEDENTES: La bioacumulación de metales en la población está asociada a efectos adversos y pueden ser peligrosos. OBJETIVO: Describir los niveles de Arsénico Inorgánico (AsIn), Cadmio (Cd), Cromo (Cr), Mercurio (Hg) y Plomo (Pb) en la población de Arica, Chile. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo. Se incluyeron todas las personas beneficiarias del Programa de Vigilancia de Salud de la Ley 20.590 en sitios de riesgo de mayor exposición en la comuna de Arica entre agosto 2016 y mayo 2021. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 9.520 muestras provenientes de una población con una edad media de 40.5 años. 4.21% de la población adulta y el 6.57% de los niños presentaron valores de AsIn superiores a 35 μg/L y al menos el 95% de las muestras totales tenía niveles inferiores a 33 μg/L. Más del 90 % de las muestras tuvieron niveles de Cd menores a 1.1 μg/L y un 8.44% registró niveles de Cd superiores 2 μg/L. El 99.77% y 99.33% exhibieron valores normales de Cr y Pb, respectivamente. Todas las muestras presentaron concentraciones de Hg por debajo de los niveles de riesgo (< 10 μg/L). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados sugieren que un porcentaje pequeño de la población de Arica registra niveles de concentración de metales por sobre niveles de referencia nacional establecidos por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile, principalmente de AsIn, Cd y Pb. Es importante continuar con la vigilancia para reducir y prevenir la exposición a estos metales, que pueden generar efectos nocivos en la salud humana.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Cádmio/análise , Cádmio/urina , Cádmio/sangue , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Chumbo/análise , Chumbo/sangue , Mercúrio/análise , Mercúrio/urina , Mercúrio/sangue , Arsênio/análise , Arsênio/urina , Arsênio/sangue , Chile , Monitoramento Ambiental , Cromo/análise , Cromo/urina , Cromo/sangue , Metais Pesados/análise , Metais Pesados/urina , Metais Pesados/sangue
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(4): 431-435, abr. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-902495

RESUMO

Background: ABO and Rhesus blood systems are associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is a model to study DM. Aim: To study the association between GDM and ABO and Rhesus groups. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 1,078 women who gave birth to a singleton in Talca Regional Hospital, Chile, during 2008. We analyzed personal, obstetric, medical data and ABO and Rh blood groups. Results: GDM was diagnosed in 6.6% of women. Age and body mass index were significantly associated with GDM. There were no differences in Rh blood groups (p = 0.604), while ABO groups were different between GDM and controls. B antigen was present in 3% of GDM women and in 10.8% of controls (p = 0.037), with an odds ratio of 0.25 after adjusting for other associated risk factors (p = 0.06). Conclusions: ABO group is suggested as a possible protector marker for GDM.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Chile , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Gestacional/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia
3.
Rev. chil. urol ; 82(4): 60-69, 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-906194

RESUMO

Introducción: La Infertilidad ha mostrado un aumento progresivo de su prevalencia. Se estima que alcanza un 15 porciento de las parejas, con un 35 porciento a 40 porciento de componente masculino y un 20 a 30 porciento afectando a ambos miembros. El objetivo de este estudio es la descripción de las características de los hombres que consultan por infertilidad a nivel local así como los resultados de sus estudios iniciales.Material y métodos. Estudio transversal descriptivo en donde se revisaron fichas de 500 pacientes de sexo masculino que consultaron por infertilidad entre enero de 2006 y junio de 2016. De cada paciente se registró edad, paridad previa, frecuencia sexual, factores de riesgo como antecedentes de criptorquidea, varicocele, cáncer, entre otros. Además se registraron los resultados de estudios realizados. Los datos fueron analizados con el sistema estadístico STATA 13.0.Resultados. La mediana de edad fue de 34 años (15-68 años) con un 70,29 porciento de infertilidad primaria. Respecto al tiempo de exposición la mediana fue de 7 meses (3-31) y el promedio de frecuencia sexual fue de 2,5 veces por semana (0-7). En un 48,69 porciento se encontró un examen genital alterado, un 9,32 porciento tuvo un desarrollo puberal alterado, y el antecedente de criptorquidea y varicocele estuvo presente en un 15 porciento y 23,2 porciento respectivamente. El 18,4 porciento presentó alguna disfunción sexual, el 46 porciento era tabáquico y un 8,77 porciento consumía marihuana. Respecto al estudio se observaron 2 casos de microdeleciones del cromosoma Y, y 2 casos de cariogramas alterados. Se rescataron 254 espermiogramas con un 67,32 porciento de azospermicos, de los cuales un 14,62 porciento fueron obstructivos.Conclusión. El componente masculino en la infertilidad requiere de una evaluación anamnésica prolija debido a la variedad de factores de riesgo involucrados, siendo importante la pesquisa de condiciones que puedan intervenirse precozmente para así lograr mayores tasas de éxito en la recuperación de espermatozoides y posterior técnica de fertilidad. Existen escasos datos epidemiológicos de infertilidad en Chile, por lo que este trabajo nos permite conocer el perfil de pacientes que consultan por esta patología a nivel local.(AU)


Introduction: Infertility prevalence has shown a progressive increase. It is estimated that it reaches 15 pertcent of the couples, with 35 pertcent to 40 pertcent of male component and 20 to 30 pertcent affecting both members. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of men who consult for infertility in our center.Material y Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which we reviewed the records of 500 male patients who consulted for infertility between January 2006 and June 2016. It registered of each patient, age, previous parity, sexual frequency, risk factors such as history of cryptorchid, varicocele, Cancer, among others. In addition, the results of studies performed were recorded. The data were analyzed using the statistical system STATA 13.0.Results. The median age was 34 years (15-68 years) with 70.29 pertcent of primary infertility. Regarding the exposure time the median was 7 months (3-31) and the average sexual frequency was 2.5 times per week (0-7). In 48.69 pertcent an altered genital examination was found, 9.32 pertcent had an altered pubertal development, and the antecedent of cryptoquidea and varicocele was present in 15 pertcent and 23.2 pertcent respectively. 18.4 pertcent had sexual dysfunction, 46 pertcent were smokers and 8.77 pertcent used marijuana. Regarding the exams, 2 cases of microdeletions of the Y chromosome were observed, and 2 cases of Klinefelter Syndrome. 254 spermiograms were rescued with 67.32 pertcent of azoospermia, of which 14.62 pertcent were obstructive.Conclusion. The male component in infertility requires a complete anamnestic evaluation due to the variety of risk factors involved, being important the research of conditions that can intervene early to achieve higher rates of success in sperm retrieval and subsequent fertility technique. There are few epidemiological data on infertility in Chile, so this work allows us to know the profile of patients who consult for this pathology at the local population.(AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Infertilidade Masculina , Diagnóstico
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