RESUMO
Background: Honey, as the most curative material, is used for healing majority of diseases. This study aimed at analyzing the role of honey and silver nano particles in changing blood biochemical factors in renal stone of male mice
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 30 Albino male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 each, including healthy control, negative control received only water with 1% ethylen glycol, and 3 experimental groups received 15 ethylen glycol and 125mg/kg honey, 250 mg/kg honey and 125 ppm nano silver, respectively. After 30 days treatment, blood sampling was done via heart, and blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine, and albumin were evaluated
Results: The findings showed that only in the group of 125 mg/kg honey, significant decrease and increases could be found in the amount of BUN [p<0.05] and ALB [p<0.05], respectively. However, compared to negative control group, there was not seen any significant difference in group of nano silver particles. Additionally, nothing was reported regarding the effects of these 3 groups on creatinine
Conclusion: It can be expected that honey, due to its strong antioxidant properties, will result in improvement of blood biochemical factor in kidney stone, while silver nano particles will cause increase in urine calcium oxalate and consequently lead to renal stone
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: According to the reports of the World Health Organization 20% of world population suffer from pain and 33% of them suffer to some extent that they cannot live independently. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of Valiasr Hospital of Arak, Iran, in order to determine the causes of delay in prescription of analgesics and to construct a model for prediction of circumstances that aggravate oligoanalgesia. Data were collected during a period of 7 days. RESULTS: Totally, 952 patients participated in this study. In order to reduce their pain intensity, 392 patients (42%) were treated. Physicians and nurses recorded the intensity of pain for 66.3% and 41.37% of patients, respectively. The mean (SD) of pain intensity according to visual analogue scale (VAS) was 8.7 (1.5) which reached to 4.4 (2.3) thirty minutes after analgesics prescription. Median and mean (SD) of delay time in injection of analgesics after the physician's order were 60.0 and 45.6 (63.35) minutes, respectively. The linear regression model suggested that when the attending physician was male or intern and patient was from rural areas the delay was longer. CONCLUSIONS: We propose further studies about analgesics administration based on medical guidelines in the shortest possible time and also to train physicians and nurses about pain assessment methods and analgesic prescription.