effect of aerobic training on anthropometric indices of obesity in male rats fed with high fat diet

Background: There are evidences that obesity is influenced by physical activity, but the daily nutrition can modify its effect. According to this, the aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on body compositions indices in male rats fed with high fat diet

Materials and methods: In an experimental trial, 16 Wistar male rats were divided randomly to two groups, including aerobic training + high fat diet group and high fat diet without any aerobic training group. High fat diet was composed of 40% fat, 13% protein and 47% carbohydrate. The training protocol was in progressive form, thus exercise intensity was increased every week. The aerobic training included running at speed of 20 m/min in 1st week and reached to 25 m/min in 12th weeks. Waist circumference, chest circumference, Lee index were measured in first week, end of batten level, end of 6th and 12th weeks

Results: Intake of high fat diet induced significant increase in the body weight, body mass index [BMI], Lee marker and waist to chest ratio [P=0.001]. The aerobic training didn't have any significant effect on the anthropometric markers of obesity

Conclusion: The results showed the aerobic training couldn't decrease body weight, and high fat diet induced negative impression. Therefore, it is recommended that aerobic training alone isn't effective solution for reducing the weight gain caused by excess calorie intake

[Changes in matrix metallo-proteinases 2, 9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 to synchronized exercise training and celery, as an herbal supplement, in overweight women]

Objective: Obesity increases production of the extracellular matrix [ECM] role in pathological cardiovascular damage. Regular exercise and the use of medicinal plants, particularly celery, in damage to be effective. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in matrix metalloproteinases 2, 9 [MMP 2,9] and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 [TIMP-1] with synchronized exercise training and herbal supplementation with celery in overweight women

Methods: We randomly divided 28 overweight women into four groups: exercise, supplement, exercise-supplement, and control. Pilates training was performed for three sessions per week, for 60 minutes per session. Celery was administered at a dose of 3900 g per day in 3 capsules as a supplement. Blood sampling was performed before and 48 h after the last intervention. The analysis was performed by a paired t-test and one way analysis of variance [p

Results: After eight weeks, the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and body weight decreased and TIMP-1 increased in the exercise, supplement, and exercise-supplement groups [p<0.05]. A significant difference was observed between the groups

Conclusion: The results showed that Pilates training and celery each, separately, had positive effects on MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in overweight women. However, the simultaneous effect of exercise and supplementation led to better efficiency

[Combined effect of swimming training and arbutin supplementation on kidney total oxidant and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetic rats]

Objective: Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that a one of the important factors in the etiology is considered to oxidative damage. The present study intends to study the effect of swimming training with Arbutin on total oxidant status [TOS] and total antioxidant status [TAS] in kidney tissue of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Methods: We randomly divided 42 male Wistar rats that had an average weight of 195 g to 220 g into 6 groups [7 rats per group] - control, diabetic, arbutin, diabetic-arbutin, diabetic-swimming training, and diabetic-combinatorial. Swimming training protocol consisted of 5 days/week for 6 weeks at 5-36 min/day. Diabetes was induced with alloxan [90 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip]] in the rats. Arbutin [50 mg/kg, subcutaneous] was administered for 5 days/week. The rats were killed 48 hours after the last treatments and kidney TOS and TAS levels were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis

Results: After six weeks of supplementation with arbutin, swimming training and the combination of swimming training and arbutin, we observed a significant decrease in TOS [P<0.05] and elevated TAS [P<0.05] levels in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Conclusion: The combined effect of swimming training and arbutin supplementation can play a major role against renal oxidative stress by modulating total oxidant and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in semen of patient with hyperviscosity

Semen hyperviscosity [SHV] is one of the factors involved in deficiency in sperm function. This research aimed to evaluate seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels in infertile patients with hyperviscous and non-hyperviscous semen samples to understand whether hyperviscous semen is associated with oxidative damage in infertile subjects. In this cross sectional study, 59 semen samples were provided by fertile [n=12] individuals as control, infertile patients with normal viscosity [n=25] and infertile patients with hyperviscosity [n=22]. After semen parameters examination, semen viscosity was studied by glass pipettes. Seminal plasma TAC and MDA levels were measured by ferric reducing of antioxidant power [FRAP] and thiobarbituric acid reaction [TBAR] methods, respectively. A probability less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant throughout the article. The mean of sperm parameters including: counts, motility and normal morphology in patients with hyperviscosity were significantly lower than those in non-hyperviscosity patients [p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively]. The mean of seminal plasma TAC value in seminal plasma of non-hyperviscosity patients [1710.31 +/- 458.67 micro mol/l] was significantly [p<0.01] higher than that of hyperviscosity group [1230.25 +/- 352 micro mol/l]. A trend toward a higher mean of seminal plasma MDA value was estimated for hyperviscous group compared with non-hyperviscous [1.01 +/- 0.41 nmol/ml vs. 0.94 +/- 0.28 nmol/l]; however, it was nonsignificant. Hyperviscous semen impairs seminal plasma TAC which is eventually associated with sperm membrane lipid peroxidation

Impact of the synchronization of portulaca oleracea and aerobic training on levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and TIMP1 in diabetic women type II

Diabetes has the most important role in development of tissue damage, and by affecting intercellular matrices, may lead to structural and functional changes that ultimately cause failure of related tissue or organ. Exercise and herbal medicine can be effective in reducing organ failure. This study aims to assess the effect of aerobic training combined with consumption of portulaca oleracea supplements on Metalloproteinase Matrix 2 [MMP2], Metalloproteinase Matrix 9 [MMP9], and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Matrix [TIMP1] in diabetic women type II. 28 women with type II diabetes and average age of 51 years were divided into 4 groups of control [CG], exercise [EG], exercise-supplement [E-SG], and supplement [SG]. A course of exercise was designed to cover 60-minute, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks, with 50-70% maximum heart rate intensity. A 7.5 grams daily supplement of portulaca oleracea was administered, consisting of 2.5 grams with luncheon and 5 grams at dinner. Blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks of intake of supplement and exercise following 48 hours of nonconsumption of supplement and 12 hours of fasting. Data were analyzed using variance analysis model. After 8 weeks, MMP2, MMP9 levels significantly reduced in all groups [P<0.05]. But the difference between groups was insignificant. TIMP1 level significantly increased in all groups but control, and there was a significant difference in TIMP1 level between control and supplement groups [P<0.05]. According to the results, aerobic training together with purslane seed intake, did not positively affect matrix metalloproteinase, but its inhibitors were effective. Thus, further study is required for more accurate results

[ effect of aerobic exercise on the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose in hypertensive postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial]

Methods of lifestyle modification, including exercise can prevent cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients through augmentation of endothelial function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise on the plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and glucose in hypertensive postmenopausal women. In this clinical trial, 20 stage 1 hypertensive postmenopausal women [50-55 years old] were randomly divided into two groups of exercise training and control. Training program consisted of 6 weeks of 45-60min aerobic exercise at 50-65% of maximum heart rate, for 45-60min persession, and 3 sessions per week. The control group did not participate in any training program. Blood pressure [BP] and plasma levels of VEGF and glucose was measured before and 48h after the last training session. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, levene, and paired t-tests. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Systolic and diastolic BP was significantly reduced in the exercise training group after 6 weeks [p<0.001]. In addition, 6 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly increased VEGF [p<0.002] and decreased glucose level [p<0.001]. According to the results of this study, regular aerobic exercise training is associated with a decrease in blood glucose and also an increase in VEFG in hypertensive postmenopausal women

Effects of supplementation of turmeric extract on balance antioxidant- prooxidant spleen and heart tissues in rats exposed to lead

One of today's environmental crisis that industrial technology it produces. Lead is one of the most important environmental contaminants that prolonged contact with the production of free radicals. Study results show that air pollution is increases mortality due to cardiovascular disease. To study the effects of consumption turmeric extracts on prooxidant- antioxidant balance of rats' spleen and heart tissues exposed to lead acetate. Thirty-six male rats randomly were classified into four groups as: 1] Basic, 2] Sham [turmeric solvent], 3] Lead, 4] turmeric extract+lead, [each group includes 9 rats]. Turmeric supplements were injected three times per week and total of 8 weeks to 30 mg/kg body weight. Injection protocol lead and turmeric extract or solvent [ethyl first] three sessions a week and will run for 8 weeks, all injections were in peritoneally. After separation of spleen and heart tissues and homogenization, showed; injection of lead increases the index of lipid peroxidation in spleen and heart tissues. Also turmeric supplementation inhibits oxidative effects on the spleen and heart. Based on this research findings using a healthy style, and herbal supplements is effective in reducing the harmful effects anti-oxidation pollutants

Effect of pistacia atlantica extract on glutathione peroxidase tissue levels and total oxidative capacity of liver and plasma lipid profile of rats

Exercise causes increased oxygen consumption, leaving cells exposed to oxidative stress. Antioxidants may have a protective effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of Pistacia atlantica extract on glutathione peroxidase levels and total oxidative capacity of liver and plasma lipid profile of rats. In this experimental study, 28 female rats' weight 155.8 +/- 2.7 grams were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups of exercise-saline, control-saline, exercise-mastic, and control-mastic. The exercise groups exercised for 8 weeks [5 days per week, 60 minutes daily, 25 meters per minute, on a zero degree slope]. The rats received equal volumes of mastic and saline orally for 4 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were taken 72 hours after the last exercise session. Data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis [ANOVA]. Consumption of Pistacia atlantica extract together with endurance exercising for 8 weeks did not significantly affect glutathione peroxidase concentration, total oxidative capacity, LDL, triglyceride, or cholesterol, but significantly reduced HDL [p=0.002]. Results showed that antioxidant and lipid profile levels were not affected by consumption of supplements and endurance exercising. However, further studies are required to assess the long term effects of this herbal extract

[Effect of portulaca oleracea seeds on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes]

Diabetes plays an important role in the progression of tissue damage. Influencing factors of the cellular matrix can lead to changes in the structure and function of tissues or their failure. Herbal consumption can be effective in reducing tissue failure. The aim of the this study is to research the effect Portulaca oleracea seeds on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes. This semi-empirical study included 15 women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the experimental and control groups. Participants' mean age was 45 years. Portulaca oleracea seeds at a total dose of 7.5 g per day [2.5 mg with lunch and 5 mg with dinner] were consumed for eight weeks. Blood sampling was carried out before and after the eight-week period. Participants fasted for 12 hours prior to blood sampling. The t-test was used to analyze study results. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. After eight weeks, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 significantly reduced in the experimental group [P<0.05]. However, there was no significant difference between groups. Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 levels increased significantly in the experimental group. There was also a significant difference between the experimental and control groups [P<0.05]. The results have shown that Portulaca oleracea seed did not adequately improve matrix metalloproteinases in diabetic patients. Thus, more research is needed to derive accurate conclusions.

[Combined effects of Curcuma longa and exercise training on kidney and spleen tissue levels of glutathione peroxidase and protein carbonyl in rats exposed to lead]

Environmental pollution is of major concern today and lead is considered to be one of the most important environmental pollutants. Long-term contact with lead causes harmful effects to humans. This study seeks to determine the effects of Curcuma longa [turmeric extract] consumption and exercise training on glutathione peroxidase and protein carbonyl in kidney and spleen tissues from rats exposed to lead. We randomly classified 60 male rats into the following six groups of 10 rats per group: 1] control; 2] sham [turmeric extract solvent]; 3] lead; 4] training + lead; 5] turmeric extract + lead; and 6] training + lead + turmeric extract. The training program for groups 3 and 6 consisted of running on a level treadmill for 40 sessions [eight weeks at five sessions per week] at a speed of 22 to 15 m/min for 26 to 64 minutes. Turmeric extract [30 mg/kg] was injected three times per week for eight weeks. Amounts of glutathione peroxidase and protein carbonyl were measured by ELISA. The amount of protein carbonyl in the kidney and spleen tissues of the lead group increased compared to the sham, training, combined and extract groups. Rats in the combined, extract and practice groups [F=4.787; P=0.002] had lower levels of protein carbonyl in their kidney and spleen tissues compared to the sham group [F=6.970, P=0.000]. Glutathione peroxidase levels in the kidney and spleen tissues were less in the lead group compared to the sham group. However these levels in the training, extract, and combined groups increased compared with the sham group [respectively, in kidney and spleen P=0.051, F=2.466 and P=0/086, F=2.11]. Intake of turmeric extract and exercise alone did not cause complete inhibition of the oxidative effects in kidney and spleen tissues. However, exercise and consumption of turmeric extract can be effective in reducing the harmful effects of lead

[ effects of single and repeated bouts of gymnastic training on salivary IgA and cortisol]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of single and repeated bouts of gymnastic training on salivary IgA and cortisol, in elite boy's gymnasts. Twenty boys with mean age of 10 +/- 0.8 years, height 145 +/- 9 cm, weight 37 +/- 8 kg and body fat percent 14.2 +/- 6[meam +/- SE] in Ghaemshahr Club in 2007, performed the select and controlled gymnastic training in two bouts [single session, and double session], one week apart. The first bout, included one session a day, beginning at 6 to 8 P.M. and the second bout was performed in two sessions per day, beginning at 8.30 to 10.30 A.M and 6 to 8 P.M. Salivary samples [5 ml] to form un-stimulated were collected in pre-exercise, immediately after and 2 hours following gymnastic training. Levels of IgA and cortisol were measured by ELISA method. ANOVA test was performed for analysis of the obtained data. The IgA level indicated no significant change after two bouts of exercise within the same day [P>0.5], however, cortisol concentration increased [P<0.05]. No significant correlation was observed between IgA and cortisol concentrations. These findings suggest that two bouts of gymnastic training [120-minutes], at moderate intensity with a 7.30 hours rest in between, had no effect on IgA concentration, but caused an increased in cortisol concentration.