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Objective: To study the demographic, clinical and etiological profile of macroscopic hematuria in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted between January, 2018 and December, 2019, enrolled children aged 3 months to 12 years, presenting with gross hematuria. Results: Of the 62 children (44 males) enrolled, (mean (SD) age of 7.3 (2.6) years), glomerular hematuria was seen in 59.7%. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis was the commonest etiology of glomerular hematuria; hypercalciuria and renal calculi predominated among non-glomerular hematuria. After a median (IQR) follow up of 8 (6,14.2) months, microscopic hematuria persisted in 10 (7, glomerular hematuria) children. The median time to resolution of gross as well as microscopic hematuria tended to be longer in glomerular etiologies. Conclusion: Majority of children with gross hematuria had glomerular etiologies, thus requiring monitoring and follow-up.
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A 25 year old female, known case of Turner's syndrome was posted for elective Radical Modified Mastoidectomy. Patient had tachycardia, high BP and ECG changes along with all signs and symptoms of Turner's syndrome. During surgery, the aims of anaesthetist were: 1.) To maintain hemodynamic stability, 2.) To provide optimum analgesia intraoperatively and post operatively and 3.) To maintain Peak Airway Pressure within normal limits. Patient was managed intra-operatively by monitoring vitals and maintaining airway pressures. Also airway was secured with blockbuster LMA in order to minimize haemodynamic fluctuations. Surgery was well managed and lasted for 3.5 hours. Patient was managed well intraoperatively with newer supraglottic device and all parameters were served. Patient was smoothly extubated and shifted to recovery with Aldrete score 8 out of 10. Thus, surgery was managed well both intraoperatively and postoperatively and also throughout surgery, patient remained stable. Use of LMA blockbuster was found to be useful and effective in such case for securing airway.
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Background: Visual perception skill related problems are important in poor academic performance in learning disability (LD) children. Visual perception skill often not tested in LD children. The objective of the study is to explore visual perception skill pattern among children with learning disorder.Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted at LD clinic of tertiary hospital. Children diagnosed with learning disorder were includes. Visual perception data were collected using predefined standard questionnaire of third edition total visual perception score (TVPS-3). Trained medical professional collected the details.Results: Total 103 children diagnosed with LD were evaluated for TVPS-3. Majority of the children had all three learning disorders-dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia. 58.42% children had co-morbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. From the 7 subtests of the TVPS visual discrimination, visual memory, form constancy and visual figure - ground affected more in boys and also in lower age children.Conclusions: Assessment of visual perception skill in children with learning disorder is crucial. Visual perception rehabilitation with other management of LD can benefit the overall functionality of these children.
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Introduction: Rising crime rates (of sexual nature),contemporary lacunae in formal sex education and dearth ofIndian studies on this topic underlies as to why this study wasconceptualized. Current research aimed to study the strengthof religious faith, sexual knowledge in the college goingstudents in Ahmedabad city; and the bearing these variableshave on their attitude towards sex.Material and methods: Ours was a cross sectional,convenient sample based study in which the study sample(consenting subjects) comprised of 299 commerce and artsstudents. Subjects were given semi structured Performa withsex knowledge and attitude questionnaire (SKAQ) and SantaClara strength of religious faith Questionnaire (SCSRFQ).Descriptive analysis was done by SPSS 20.0.Result: Out of 299 subjects, 51.5% were males and 48.5%were females. On SKAQ, mean knowledge and attitudescore was 15.35 and 18.84 respectively. Males, those livingin joint families and those reporting of a history of sexualexposure before 15 years of age were found to have bettersexual knowledge. Subjects from joint families and those whoreported of a history of sexual exposure had liberal attitudetowards sex. Scores on SCSRFQ and SKAQ (both knowledgeand attitude scores) were found to be significantly correlated(p<0.05).Conclusion: Students who had a liberal attitude towards sexalso had better knowledge and a strong religious faith.
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Spinal anaesthesia is preferred method for surgeries of lower half of the body due to its efficacy, rapidity and minimal side effects. Generally bupivacaine is given as an spinal anaesthetic agent because of its analgesic effect in the initial postoperative period. For additional post operative analgesia effect it is recommended to add an adjuvant . Hence the present study was aimed to compare the effects of combination of clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and bupivacaine alone. Method The study was prospective, randomized, double blinded and controlled study. 60 indoor patients between age group of 25-70 years of ASA physical status I/II posted for elective vaginal hysterectomy were selected for the study. Parameters like post operative analgesia, onset, peak level and two segment regression of sensory block and onset, peak and recovery of motor block, time of rescue analgesia and various side effects were assessed on administration of clonidine at a dose 30μg intrathecally with 3ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and comparing the same with bupivacaine hydrochloride alone with 0.2ml of normal saline. Results: Demographic profile Of the patientswere similar in both the groups . The time of onset of peak sensory block was significantly faster (87±15.9 seconds, p<0.0001) in clonidine group as compared to control (168 ± 13seconds) . Similarly, time of onset of Grade III motor block (just able to move knees) was significantly quicker (177±19.64seconds, p<0.01) in clonidine group as compared to saline (348±21 seconds). The mean time from injection to regression of level of sensory analgesia up to L1 ( duration of sensory block ) was 285±14 min in clonidine group which was significantly longer than the duration of 140.6±12.5 min in control group (p<0.01). Duration of analgesia in the group C (488 ± 20minutes) was significantly more in comparison to 180 ± 25 minutes in control group (p<0.0001). Conclusions It is concluded that patients receiving 30μg intrathecally with 3ml of 0.5% bupivacaine dose produces significant anaesthetic, analgesic effect and lesser side effects compared to bupavacaine alone receiving gr
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Background: Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic leptospira. Leptospira species are spirochetes belonging to the order spirochetes and the family leptospiraceae. Present study is done to find out the incidence of thrombocytopenia in leptospirosis and to correlate it with other parameters like renal dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction and bleeding manifestation.Methods: Study includes 51 clinically suspected and diagnosed cases of leptospirosis, in Government hospital, South Gujarat, during a period from January 2017 to December 2017. Clinical signs and symptoms and complications, biochemical profile like bilirubin and creatinine, haematological profile like Hb, WBC count and platelet count were recorded. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count below 1,50,000/cmm.Results: The present study includes 51 cases of Leptospirosis. Age ranged from 16 years to 61 years (male-39 and Females-12) There were 38 (74.5%) cases with thrombocytopenia and 13 (25.4%) cases with normal platelet count. Out of 38 thrombocytopenic cases, 32 (84.2%) cases had renal dysfunction, 26 (68.4%) cases had hepatic dysfunction and 16 (42.1%) cases had pulmonary haemorrhage. Among 13 cases with normal platelet count, 8 (61.5%) cases had hepatic dysfunction and 7 (53.8%) cases had renal dysfunction and 3 (23%) cases had pulmonary haemorrhage.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent complication (present in more than half of the patient) in leptospirosis and associated with more frequent and more severe complications. Therefore, early recognition of thrombocytopenia is recommended to prevent complications and mortality in leptospirosis.
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ABSTRACT A sensitive and reliable high performance thin layer chromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin and gallic acid in Leea indica, Vitaceae. Ethyl acetate extract prepared from hydrolysed aqueous alcoholic extract (70%) was applied on silica gel G 60 F254 plate. The plate was developed using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid, 5:4:1 (v/v/v) as a mobile phase and detection and quantification were performed by densitometric scanning at 254 nm. The system was found to give well resolved bands for quercetin (Rf 0.63) and gallic acid (Rf 0.45) from other constituents present in the extract of L. indica. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.991 and 0.999 with relative standard deviation, 0.97–1.23% and 0.1–1.13% for quercetin and gallic acid respectively in the developed method. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by conducting recovery studies at different levels using the standard addition method. The average recovery of quercetin and gallic acid was found close to 99% suggesting the accurateness of the method. The proposed validated high performance thin layer chromatographic method offers a new, sensitive, specific and precise gauge for quantification of quercetin and gallic acid in L. indica.