RESUMO
The Present study is to examine An Economic Analysis of soybean Production in Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh, India. The study was undertaken by taking 80 sample farmers during the year 2020-21. To collect information from the sample area, an interview schedule and survey approach were utilized. The objective was achieved by using cost concepts and income measures. The cost of cultivation of soybean was observed highest in case of large farm and lowest in case of marginal farms. The overall cost of production was Rs. 1785.71 per quintal. Gross return from soybean was found to be Rs. 68670.84 per hectare. The net return of overall farmers was observed Rs. 32135.15. The Input-output ratio was highest in case of large farmer 1:2.16 and lowest in case of marginal farmer 1:1.98. None of the soybean farmer was applying potash fertilizer to soybean crops, but it plays an important role in nodule formation. Therefore it is required that farmers should apply potash fertilizer to the soybean crop.
RESUMO
Background: There is limited literature in children on efficacy of different routes of vitamin B12 administration for vitamin B12 deficiency macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia. Objective: To compare parenteral with oral vitamin B12 therapy in children with macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia. Study design: Single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial. Participant: 80 children aged 2 month-18 year with clinical and laboratory features of nutritional macrocytic anemia. Intervention: All children received an initial single parenteral dose of 1000 µg vitamin B12 followed by randomization to either parenteral or oral vitamin B12 for subsequent doses. Group A was given 1000 µg intramuscular (IM) vitamin B12 (3 doses on alternate days for those aged <10 year, five doses for age >10 year), followed by monthly 1000 µg IM for the subsequent two doses. Group B was given daily oral vitamin B12 1500 µg (500 µg in <2 years age) for three months. Folic acid and iron supplementation, and relevant dietary advice were given to both groups in a similar fashion. Outcome: Improvement in serum vitamin B12 levels and total hemoglobin was compared three months post-treatment. Result: The median(IQR) increase in serum vitamin B12 level was significantly higher in group A [600 (389,775) vs 399 (313, 606) pg/mL; P= 0.016]. The median (IQR) rise of hemoglobin was also more in group A [2.7 (0.4,4.6) vs 0.5 (-0.1,1.2) g/dL; P=0.001]. Conclusion: Increase in serum vitamin B12 levels and hemoglobin was better in children with nutritional macrocytic anemia receiving parenteral as compared to oral vitamin B12.