Cytohistopathological Correlation in Palpable Breast Lesions.

The objective was to study the correlation between cytological and histopathological features and to find out the sensitivity and specificity of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Two hundred patients were studied; 150 were retrospective and 50 were prospective cases. Only those patients who had FNAC followed by histopathological examination were included. Useful cytological parameters for diagnosis of malignancy were loss of cell cohesion, cell size, nuclear crowding and overlapping, nuclear size, type of chromatin, absence of bipolar naked nuclei and infiltration of stroma. In present study complete sensitivity was 96.2%, absolute sensitivity was 86.7%, predictive value was 100%, false negative were 1.9%. No false positive smear was seen. We concluded that a definitive diagnosis of malignancy by FNAC could be safely used for definitive treatment but the same was not true for non-malignant, suspicious or atypical smears. In these situations surgical biopsy was considered to be essential for definitive diagnosis.

Rosai Dorfman syndrome with extranodal manifestation.

Rosai Dorfman Syndrome (RDS) is a benign condition and a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. It usually occurs in the first decade of life and manifest as massive enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. The disease has a benign course and involvement of the nasal cavity as an extranodal site is exceptional. A 22-year-old male presented as progressive massive bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied with nasal obstruction and occasional episodes of epistaxis. A FNAC from cervical lymph node and biopsy from nasal mass was compatible with RDS.

Post-Kala-Azar-dermal-leishmaniasis: an unusual presentation from Uttarachal (a non-endemic hilly region of India).

A 26-year-old male resident of Uttaranchal had a single large, erythematous, indurated verrucous plaque on chin of 1 year duration. He had suffered from visceral leishmaniasis 4-years back for which he was treated with injection sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) i.m. OD for 20 days. He had never been to regions endemic for kala-czar (KA) or post-kala-azar-dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Skin biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation in the dermis. Giemsa stain revealed LD bodies inside the macrophages. The patient was treated successfully with injection SAG 20 mg/kg parenterally for 60 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is probably the first case of PKDL from the hills of Uttaranchal.

Serological profiles for HBV, HDV, HIV-1 and HTLV-1 in Saudi patients with a malignancy.

Serologic markers for HBV, HDV, HIV-1 and HTLV-1 were tested in 42 patients with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC); 19 with a malignancy of epithelial origin (EPM) and 16 with a non-epithelial malignancy (NEPM) in the Gizan Area of Saudi Arabia. HBV exposure in 77 PHC, EPM and NEPM patients was 92.2 per cent for any marker (overall) while 75.3 per cent positive for HBsAg. 3.9 per cent positive for anti-HBc and 12.9 per cent positive for anti-HBs. There was no inter PHC, EPM, NEPM or intersex variation for an individual marker or total HBV exposure. Among HBsAg-positives, 9 of the 12 PHC tested, 7 of the 10 EPM, 1 of the 9 NEPM were anti-D IgG positive. The HDV prevalence was the lowest in NEPM (p < 0.01). In patients with a malignancy, all HBV and HDV markers were higher than those of control population, even though anti-HBs was lower (p < 0.001). The probable contribution through different viruses in pathogenesis of malignancies of different types should be ascertained through polymerase chain reaction for viral components, oncogenes, etc. on tumourous biopsy tissues. The aggravation in PHC morbidity in HBV hyperendemic foci through HIV infection should be monitored through tests for unintegrated and integrated viral DNA in tumorous and non-tumorous tissues.