RESUMO
We present a case of breast cancer 9 years after subcutaneous mastectomy for bilateral phylloid tumor with silicone implants. The patient had a stage III adenocarcinoma [T4 N1 M0] at diagnosis; a modified radical mastectomy was done, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Later on, tamoxifen was prescribed [positive hormone receptors]. Reviewing the literature about this subject in a context of a moratorium of the food and drug Administration [FDA] in the united states recommending suspension of silicone breast implantation, we can propose several conclusions: previous and recent studies did not show any direct relation between cancer and silicone implants for augmentation mammoplasty; on the contrary, a lower incidence of breast cancer is noted. Breast cancer incidence with silicone implants seems to be higher with reconstructive mammoplasty after mastectomy for benign disease [fibrocystic disease, dysplasia, phylloid tumor], or prophylactic reason, or malignancy [carcinoma in stiu, lobular and multifocal carcinoma, early breast cancer]. This can be related to recurrence or cancer development on residual breast tissue. Breast cancer with silicone implants is of poorer prognosis because of the later diagnosis of the disease