Perinatal HIV infections in Thailand.

A collaborative study group of researchers from seven hospitals from all regions of Thailand was formed to collect information on children born to HIV-infected mothers since the beginning of the first hospital case until the end of June 1994. The study conducted to verify the status of perinatal transmission of HIV infection in Thailand showed a rapid increase in HIV seropositivity among Thai mothers with vertical transmission rates varying between 25% in Rayong and 42% in Chiang Rai Hospitals, respectively. The majority of children with symptomatic HIV infection had clinical presentations of delayed growth development, pneumonia, diarrhea, oral candidiasis, lymphadenopathy, hepato-splenomegaly. Cases of Penicillium marneffei infection were found only at Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital. The ages at which diagnosis of HIV disease was made were mostly within the first year of life. One third of children with AIDS died during the period of study.

Immunogenicity of low dose Japanese encephalitis vaccine (BIKEN) administered by the intradermal route: preliminary data.

Two hundred twenty-four immune and non-immune adults were systematically assigned to receive a single dose of Nakayama strain JEVAC in one of four study "arms": 0.1 ml ID, 0.2 ml ID (injection of 0.1 ml at two sites), 0.3 ml ID (injection of 0.1 ml at three sites), or 1.0 ml SC. Immune responses after this single dose (in many cases "booster") was assumed to reflect immune responses of a primary series and was assessed qualitatively (percent seroconvertion) and quantitatively (geometric mean titer) a 30 and 90 days post immunization. The results showed that JEVAC given 0.1 ml. ID at two sites is likely to be as immunogenic as 1.0 ml. given SC.