Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) inhibits anaphylactic shock reaction in murine allergic model

The murine model of OVA-induced immediate allergic reaction was used to evaluate the effectiveness of intraperitoneal sub-acute treatment with the leaf hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos sympodialis (AFL) in the anaphylactic shock reaction, IgE production and the background proliferative response. BALB/c mice treated with AFL ranging from 200 to 400 mg/kg/day for 5 days before and during OVA-sensitization strongly reduced the animal death and promoted reduction in total and OVA-specific serum IgE level. Spleen cells from AFL-treated sensitized animals showed a decreased proliferative background response when compared with non-sensitized animals. These results demonstrated that sub-acute intraperitoneal treatment with Cissampelos sympodialis extract has an anti-allergic effect.

Modulation of B lymphocyte function by an aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae)

Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl species are used in folk medicine for the treatment of asthma, arthritis and rheumatism. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of an aqueous fraction of a 70 percent (v/v) ethanol extract of C. sympodialis leaves on B lymphocyte function. The hydroalcoholic extract inhibited the in vitro proliferative response of resting B cells induced by LPS (IC50 = 17.2 æg/ml), anti-delta-dextran (IC50 = 13.9 æg/ml) and anti-IgM (IC50 = 24.3 æg/ml) but did not affect the anti-MHC class II antibody-stimulated proliferative response of B cell blasts obtained by stimulation with IL-4 and anti-IgM. Incubation with the hydroalcoholic extract used at 50 æg/ml induced a 700 percent increase in intracellular cAMP levels. IgM secretion by resting B cells (obtained from normal mice) and polyclonally activated B cells (obtained from Trypanosoma cruzi-infected animals) was inhibited by the hydroalcoholic extract. The latter were more sensitive to the hydroalcoholic extract since 6.5 æg/ml induced a 20 percent inhibition in the response of cells from normal mice while it inhibited the response of B cells from infected animals by 75 percent. The present data indicate that the alcoholic extract of C. sympodialis inhibited B cell function through an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. The finding that the hydroalcoholic extract inhibited immunoglobulin secretion suggests a therapeutic use for the extract from C. sympodialis in conditions associated with unregulated B cell function and enhanced immunoglobulin secretion. Finally, the inhibitory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract on B cells may indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of this extract.

Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae) leaf extract induces interleukin-10-dependent inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi killing by macrophages

The aqueous fraction of the ethanolic extract (AFL) of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae), popularly known as milona, has been shown to have both immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study we investigated the modulation of macrophage antimicrobicidal activity by in vitro treatment with the extract from C. sympodialis. Normal and thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected in vitro with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi DM28c clone. We observed that the AFL (used at doses ranging from 13 to 100 æg/ml) increased T. cruzi growth and induced a 75 percent reduction in nitric oxide production. This inhibition could be mediated by the stimulation of macrophage interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion since the in vitro treatment with the AFL stimulated IL-10 production by T. cruzi-infected macrophages. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of the AFL from C. sympodialis could be, at least in part, mediated by the inhibition of macrophage functions and that the inhibition of macrophage microbicidal activity induced by the C. sympodialis extract may be mediated by the decrease in macrophage function mediated by interleukin-10 production