Terapia Ocupacional e telessaúde: relato de experiência de atendimento a criança com transtornos do desenvolvimento / Occupational therapy in telehealth: experience report of care for children with development disorders / Terapia ocupacional y telesalud: informe de experiencia de servicio a niños con transtornos del desarrollo

Contextualização: Relato de experiência do estágio obrigatório do Curso de Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional e da Especialização em Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Processo de Intervenção: Participaram 8 estagiários de graduação, 1 terapeuta ocupacional pós-graduanda em TEA e uma docente terapeuta ocupacional, prestando atendimentos remotos a 14 crianças de 1 a 9 anos de idade e suas famílias. As intervenções ocorreram de maneira síncrona, assíncrona ou ambas. Análise crítica da prática: foram observados resultados positivos no desenvolvimento de habilidades das crianças, bem como em seu desempenho e satisfação, avaliados pela Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional. Síntese de considerações: O estágio no formato telessaúde possibilitou a continuidade das intervenções das crianças previamente atendidas, capacitar pais e cuidadores, além de averiguar possibilidades de atuação em terapia ocupacional pediátrica nesta modalidade, no contexto da COVID-19.(AU) Palavras-chave: telessaúde; terapia ocupacional; transtornos do desenvolvimento

Contextualization: Experience report of the mandatory internship of the Undergraduate Course in Occupational Therapy and of the Specialization in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Intervention Process: 8 undergraduate interns participated, 1 occupational therapist specializing in ASD and a teaching occupational therapist, providing remote assistance to 14 children aged 1 and 9 years and their families. The interventions took place in a synchronous, asynchronous or both ways. Critical analysis of the practice: positive results were observed in the development of children's skills, as well as in their performance and satisfaction, assessed by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Summary of considerations: The internship in the telehealth format made it possible to continue the interventions of children previously attended, to train parents and caregivers, in addition to investigating possibilities of work in pediatric occupational therapy in this modality, in the context of COVID-19.(AU) Keywords: telehealth; occupational therapy; developmental disorder

Contextualización: Antecedentes: Informe de experiencia de la pasantía obligatoria del Curso de Grado en Terapia Ocupacional y de la Especialización en Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Proceso de intervención: participaron 8 pasantes de pregrado, 1 terapeuta ocupacional especialista en TEA y un terapeuta ocupacional docente, brindando asistencia remota a 14 niños de 1 y 9 años y sus familias. Las intervenciones se produjeron de forma sincrónica, asincrónica o en ambos sentidos. Análisis crítico de la práctica: se observaron resultados positivos en el desarrollo de las habilidades de los niños, así como en su desempeño y satisfacción, evaluados por la Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Resumen de consideraciones: La pasantía en el formato de telesalud permitió continuar las intervenciones de los niños previamente atendidos, capacitar a los padres y cuidadores, además de investigar posibilidades de trabajo en terapia ocupacional pediátrica en esta modalidad, en el contexto de COVID- 19.(AU) Palabras clave: telesalud; terapia ocupacional; trastornos del desarrollo

Caracterização microbiológica de carcaças de frangos de corte produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais / Microbiological characterization of broiler carcasses produced in the state of Minas Gerais

In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of broiler chickens produced in Minas Gerais State, 240 samples of broiler carcasses from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State were collected, by official inspection services, for one year. The samples were submitted to counts of total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive and negative Staphylococcus, besides Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E.coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. resource. The results showed the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms in 34.2% and 13.5% of broiler carcasses evaluated, respectively. All tested samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp., 9.1% for Salmonella spp., 15.5% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 2.1% for Campylobacter spp. E.coli O157:H7 was not isolated from the samples.(AU)

Variaciones anatómicas del proceso uncinado en tomografía computada multidetector en pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica

Objetivo: Describir la anatomía del proceso uncinado y sus variaciones observadas a través de cortes coronales por tomografía computada multidetector (TCMD) en una población con rinosinusitis crónica. Introducción: Según la literatura científica revisada, no se encontraron estudios sobre las variaciones anatómicas del complejo osteomeatal (COM) en la población adulta colombiana. Los reportes coinciden en que las variaciones anatómicas de este complejo son parte de las causas de la sinusitis crónica refractaria a tratamiento médico, por lo que el presente trabajo se propone estudiar la anatomía de este complejo e identificar sus posibles variaciones anatómicas en pacientes adultos colombianos diagnosticados con sinusitis crónica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, observacional y retrospectivo. Para las variables continuas se estimaron medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, mientras que para las variables categóricas se determinaron las frecuencias y los porcentajes con que se presentaron en la muestra. Resultados: Se contó con 143 casos. De este total, el 53,8% fueron hombres y el 46,2% mujeres. Tanto en el lado derecho como en el izquierdo, el proceso uncinado del hueso etmoides se insertó en la lámina papirácea (el 49,7% y el 53,1% de los hombres y mujeres, respectivamente). La inserción del proceso uncinado en la lámina cribosa del hueso etmoides en el lado derecho fue el segundo en frecuencia (25,2%) y en el lado izquierdo este lugar lo ocupó la inserción en la concha nasal media (23,8%). También se encontró que, en la mayoría de los casos, el proceso uncinado tuvo una orientación lateral (el 51% en el lado derecho y el 56,6% en el lado izquierdo). Conclusión: El proceso uncinado es una estructura anatómica muy variable que se encuentra a cada lado de la cavidad nasal. Presenta diferentes puntos de inserción y tiene cambios en su angulación y distintas longitudes. Es importante tener en cuenta estas variaciones para el manejo quirúrgico de la rinosinusitis crónica.

Objective: To describe the uncinate process anatomy and its variations observed through coronal, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Introduction: As reviewed in the literature, no studies of anatomical variations ostiomeatal complex in Colombian adults were found. The reports agree that the anatomical variations of this complex are part of the causes of chronic sinusitis refractory to medical treatment, which motivated the present work to study the anatomy of this complex and identify possible anatomic variations in adult patients from Colombia, diagnosed with chronic sinusitis. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study. Continuous variables were estimated with measures of central tendency and dispersion, with a confidence interval of 95%. Categorical variables were determined with frequencies and percentages. Results: The total sample was 143 cases. In the sample, 53.8% were men and 46.2% were women. Both of the right and left, the uncinate process of the ethmoid was inserted into the lamina papyracea in 49.7% and 53.1% of cases, respectively. The insertion of the uncinate process in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid (T6) had a frequency to the right side of 25.2%, but for the left side was the insertion into the middle nasal concha (T1) (23.8%). In most cases, the uncinate process had a lateral orientation and 51% on the right side and 56.6% on the left side. Conclusion: The uncinate process is a highly variable anatomical structure at each side of the nasal cavity, arranged indifferent insertion sites, changes in angle and different lengths which is important from the point of view of surgical management of chronic rinosinusitis.

Treatment of Wastewaters Generated by Surfactant-Enhanced Washing of Soils in an Aerobic Biofilter Inoculated with a Consortium of Hydrocarbon Degraders.

Aims: The aims of this work were 1) To evaluate the performance of a submerged biofiltration system for the treatment of a surfactant-enriched wastewater that had been generated by a soil washing process. 2) To evaluate the effect of the flux and organic load over the performance of the system. 3) To determine the microbial evolution as an effect of the flux at different lengths of the biofilter by using a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Study Design: A three factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of different fluxes and organic loads over the performance of a continuously operated submerged aerobic biofilter. The DGGE technique was employed to determine microbial changes in the biofilter. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Bioprocess Laboratory, Bioprocesses Department UPIBI-IPN, Mexico. The experimental stage lasted approximately eight months and the DGGE analysis four months more. Methodology: Contaminated soil was physicochemical and microbiologically characterized. A total of 70 kg of contaminated soil was washed using a 1:3 ratio soil/surfactant solution (0.5% Sulfopon 30-SP30). The surfactant-enriched wastewater was then treated in a submerged biofilter. The biofiltration system consisted of a column with a length of 50 cm and diameter of 12 cm. The biofilter was packed with tezontle with an average diameter of 0.2-0.4 cm and 70% void space. The biofilter working volume was 4.5 L. The samples of the packing material for the DGGE analysis were obtained from the ports located along the biofilter: at the wastewater inlet, at the middle of the column and at the outlet. After DNA extraction with a Power Soil DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO), PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis was conducted. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using universal bacterial primers. The data obtained by DGGE analysis for the microbial population developed in the biofilter were further analyzed by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Results: The soil contained 14,704 mg/kg TPH. BTEX compounds were not found, and only two different PAHs were found in the soil samples: benzo-fluoranthene and benzopyrene, at concentrations of 0.1280 and 0.0682 mg/kg of soil, respectively. During the surfactant-aided soil washing, the highest removal percentage of the oil removed from the soil was 59% with 0.5% SP30. The wastewater generated after the soil washing process contained, in average 1,329 mg COD/L and 211 mg/L of grease and oil. Higher COD removals were obtained at a flux of 0.4 L/h for both of the COD initial concentrations. While the highest removal was 78.27%, determined at an initial COD concentration of 300 mg/L. When applying fluxes of 0.28 and 0.40 L/h at a higher initial COD concentration, the COD removals were increased; this was not the case for a flux of 0.63 L/h. For a given initial COD concentration, the removal efficiencies were higher for lower fluxes. Analysis of the similarity between the microbial populations for varying fluxes and levels along the length of the biofilter was determined by the Jaccard (JI) index. The results showed that the initial microbial populations (t0) have low similarities with the developed microbial populations at the different conditions tested. Conclusion: Both the flux and the initial COD concentration had an impact on COD removal and the microbial concentration in the column. The COD removal percentages were similar at fluxes of 0.28 and 0.63 L/h. The highest removal percentage of 78.27% was obtained at a flux of 0.4L/h; this finding was in agreement with the highest microbial count and the specialization of microbial populations (less diversity). In general, it was shown that the flux had an effect on changes in microbial population. Greater effects were observed on the microbial population due to the position along the reactor, e.g., the greatest differences were found at the different levels of the biofilter.

Estado de la nutrición de folato, vitamina B12 y hierro en adolescentes embarazadas / Nutritional status of folate, vitamin B12 and iron in pregnant adolescents

Pregnancy in adolescence increases nutritional risk, due to higher demand of nutrients for maternal and fetal growth. This study was aimed to evaluate folate, vitamin B12 and iron status of pregnant adolescents at first trimester of pregnancy. A cross sectional, descriptive study was performed in 122 pregnant adolescents from Valencia, Carabobo state, 1997. Serum and erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12 was determined by radioassay; serum ferritin by enzimoimmunoassay; hemoglobin were performed by semi-automated method. Statistical analysis included standard deviation and frequencies. For serum folate 1.7 per cent was found in negative balance and 19.0 per cent at marginal status. For erythrocyte folate, 5.8 per cent was deficient and 1.7 per cent marginal. For serum vitamin B12, 8.3 per cent was deficient and 13.2 per cent marginal. Iron deficiency was found in 19.0 per cent of the adolescents. Prevalence of anemia was of 13.1 per cent, being iron deficiency the main cause. There was high nutritional risk regarding iron status, although iron intakes exceeded the recommendations, but only a small proportion was bioavailable. Prevalence of anemia was lower than reported by other studies and iron deficiency was higher than folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Pregnant adolescents are at a high biological and nutritional risk.

Perfil de riesgo nutricional en la adolescente embarazada / Profile of nutritional risk in pregnant adolescents

A sample of 215 adolescents (16.9 +/- 0.7 y; 13-18 y) from a low socioeconomic level of Valencia, Venezuela, at their first trimester of pregnancy were studied in order to identify nutritional risk. Socioeconomic, anthropometrical, hematological and dietary characteristic were assessed. Pregestational weight, actual weight, height, arm circumference (AC), triceps skin fold (TS), fat and muscle area (FA/MA) and pregestational body mass index (PBMI) were determined. Hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin were measured by colorimetric and ELISA methods. Two 24 hour recalls were obtained. According to age, two groups were created. Pregnant adolescents were grouped by age: Group 1, 13 to 15 years old and Group 2, 16 to 18 years old. Nutritional risk was defined as: Gynecological age lower than 4 years since menarche. PBMI < 19.8 kg/m2, height below 10th Percentile of reference, Hb below 11 g/dL and ferritin < 12 micrograms/L. Almost all the adolescents (96.3 per cent) were in poverty. 83.3 per cent were single, 83.3 per cent were at elementary school before pregnancy but 84.1 per cent were attending house chores at the time of exam. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) for gynecological age and menarche age, but not for anthropometrical, hematological and dietary variables when Group 1 was compared to group 2. 35.3 per cent of the adolescents had a gynecological age lower than 4 years, 23.3 per cent were below 10th percentile for height, 36.3 per cent had a PBMI lower than 19.8 kg/m2, 26.5 per cent were below 10th percentile for arm circumference, anemia was present in 13.7 per cent and low levels of ferritin in 18.4 per cent of the adolescents. Calorie intake was below recommendation in 87.3 per cent and adequacy for vitamin A and C, calcium and zinc were below 2/3 of recommendation in 36.3 per cent. 25.9 per cent, 88.7 per cent and 73.5 per cent of the adolescents respectively. Studied adolescents had a high prevalence of risk factors for nutritional deficiencies (short age, poverty, low weight, anemia and deficient intake). Early assessment of this conditions allows to identify the risk, to establish interventions and to monitor pregnancy evolution.

Evaluación dietética de adolescentes embarazadas durante el primer, segundo y tercer trimestre / Dietary evaluation of pregnant adolescents during first, second and third trimester

In order to identify risk of inadequate intake of calories and nutrients during pregnancy, 75 pregnant adolescents (14 to 18 years old) apparently healthy, from low socioeconomic level, in their first prenatal control (12 weeks) were studied by two 24 hour recalls and a food frequency questionnaire at each trimester. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (pregestation weight/height) and classified according to American Medicine Institute reference. Paired t-test, frequency distribution and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Low weight was found in 34.6 per cent of adolescent at the first visit and 5.3 per cent were overweight. Even though, caloric intake was below recommendation, significant increases were observed between first and second trimester for energy, carbohydrates, niacin and zinc (p < 0.001) and for fat, proteins, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin C, calcium and iron (p < 0.05). From second to third trimester, differences (p < 0.05) were significant only for vitamin A. Between first and third trimester, differences were significant (p < 0.05) for energy, proteins, carbohydrates, niacin, riboflavin, zinc and for thiamin, vitamin A and calcium (p < 0.05). A high proportion of pregnant adolescent did not reach recommendations for energy, folate, calcium and zinc. Food intake pattern did not change significantly among trimesters. Mean total weight gain was 9.2 kg and 0.412 +/- 0.4 g/week. Newborn's mean weight was 3.221 +/- 418 grams. It is concluded that adolescents are at high nutritional risk and deficiency of dietary intake should be followed. Attention should be addressed from the preconceptional period to postpartum in order to improve maternal and fetal conditions.

Ejecución de un programa para reforzar el conocimiento del control de los factores de riesgos modificables de hipertensión arterial en los trabajadores de Pequiven en oficina principal / Execution of one program for reinforce the knowledge of control of the factors of risk modifiable of arterial hypertension in the workers of Pequiven office principal

La hipertensión arterial (HA) constituye uno de los problemas de salud publica más importantes por su elevada prevalencia, sus complicaciones, alta mortalidad y morbilidad y el costo que determina su control y tratamiento. Es factor de riesgo importante para la enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebro vascular ya que favorece la formación de placas ateroscleróticas. Esta presente en ambos sexo y a cualquier edad provocando una disminución en la expectativa de vida. El hábito tabáquico, la hipertensión arterial, los niveles de colesterol, la obesidad y la inactividad física, el estrés, alcohol y consumo de sal, son consierados factores de riesgo modificables. El control de la hipertensión arterial (HA) junto con los demás factores de riesgo para desordenes cardiovasculares es probablemente uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en el mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los efectos que produce un programa educativo para reforzar el conocimiento del control de los factores de riesgo modificables de hipertensión arterial, en los trabajadores de la oficina central de Pequiven durante el segundo semestre del año 2000

Captopril como droga monoterapica de la hipertensión diastolica / Captopril as drug monotherapy of diatolic hypertension

La efectividad e inocuidad del captopril, como droga monoterápica, fue evaluada en 35 pacientes con hipertensión diastólica crónica de etiología desconocida, en un estudio abierto de 8 días de duración. Fueron administrados 75 mg diarios de la droga, en forma de comprimidos por vía oral. La efectividad hipotensora fue del 82 por ciento. El 31,4 de los pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, ocurriendo la respuesta a primera dosis en el 11,2 por ciento no siendo necesaria la suspensión de la medicación en ningún caso