Assessing the impact of educational methods on influenza vaccine uptake and patient knowledge and attitudes: a randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION@#Although influenza vaccination reduces rates of pneumonia, hospitalisation and mortality, influenza vaccination uptake remains low in older patients. The primary aim was to compare individualised counselling with educational pamphlets alone in improving influenza vaccination uptake. The secondary aims were to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination and factors influencing uptake.@*METHODS@#A randomised controlled study was conducted in two government polyclinics with 160 participants per arm. Patients aged 65 years and above attending for doctor consultation were recruited. All participants received an educational pamphlet on influenza vaccination. The intervention group received additional face-to-face counselling. Participants filled a pre- and postintervention questionnaire assessing knowledge of influenza and attitudes towards the vaccine. Follow-up calls and verification of electronic records was done at three months to determine actual vaccine uptake.@*RESULTS@#At three months, 16 (10%) patients in the intervention group and 20 (12.5%) patients in the control group had completed influenza vaccination (P = 0.48). Factors positively associated with vaccine uptake were willingness to receive vaccination immediately after intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.42-33.38), and male gender (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.23-7.12). Individualised counselling was more effective in improving knowledge (P < 0.01). Overall knowledge scores did not influence actual vaccine uptake rates. (adjusted OR 1.10 [0.90-1.3]).@*CONCLUSION@#Both arms of patient education increased uptake of influenza vaccination. Individualised counselling was not superior to pamphlets alone in improving uptake. Performing vaccination at the initial point of contact improves actual uptake rates.

Integrated care teams in primary care improve clinical outcomes and care processes in patients with non-communicable diseases

INTRODUCTION@#Primary care physicians face the increasing burden of managing multimorbidities in an ageing population. Implementing an integrated care team (ICT) with defined roles and accountability to share consultation tasks is an emerging care model to address this issue. This study compared outcomes with ICT versus usual care for patients with multimorbidities in primary care.@*METHODS@#Data was retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of consecutive adult Asian patients empanelled to ICT and those in UC at a typical primary care clinic (polyclinic) in eastern Singapore in 2018. The study population had hypertension, and/or hyperlipidaemia and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical outcomes included the proportion of patients (ICT vs. UC) who attained their treatment goals after 12 months. Process outcomes included the proportion of patients who completed annual diabetic eye and foot screenings, where applicable.@*RESULTS@#Data from 3,302 EMRs (ICT = 1,723, UC = 1,579) from January 2016 to September 2017 was analysed. The ICT cohort was more likely to achieve treatment goals for systolic blood pressure (SBP) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-1.68), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.49-1.99), and glycated haemoglobin (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.09-1.51). The ICT group had higher uptake of diabetic retinal screening (89.1% vs. 83.0%, P < 0.001) and foot screening (85.2% vs. 77.9%, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The ICT model yielded better clinical and process outcomes than UC, with more patients attaining treatment goals.

Effects of diazoxide on the mitochondrial ultrastructure and permeability in donor rat myocardium / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of diazoxide (DE) on the myocardial ultrastructure and opening of maitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in donor rat heart suffered from long-term hypothermic preservation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Langendorff model of isolated rat heart was used. The hearts were stored in 4 degrees C Celsior solution containing different concentration of DE (15, 30, or 45 micromol/L) for 9 h followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The recovery of rate-pressure product (RPP) was observed. The opening of MPTP and myocardial mitochondria ultrastructure were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) As compared with the celsior solution preserved group, DE (30 micromol/L) increased recovery of RPP during reperfusion and inhibited the opening of MPTP. DE also alleviated the myocardial mitochondrial ultrastucture damage induced by long-term hypothermic preservation. (2) The above effects of DE were attenuated by a mitoK(ATP) channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate and a MPTP opener atractyloside.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the donor rat heart, DE protects myocardial mitochondria ultrastructure against long-term hypothermic preservation injury via inhibiting the opening of MPIP.</p>