STUDIES OF THE AORTIC ARCH AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS IN THE CHINESE INFANTS / 解剖学报

The aortic arch and its ramifications were studied in 76 chinese infant specimens (♂44,♀52)We examined its position,length and circumference and the types of its ramifications. 1.In average,the superior border of infant's aortic arch is situated at the level of the intervertebral disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae,and the inferior border is situated at the level of the upper one-third of the fourth thoracic vertebra. 2.The medial point between the superior and inferior borders of the aortic arch,in average,is situated at the level of lower one third of the third thoracic vertebra.In the 3 age-groups,1,2 and 3-year old infants,in 76 specimens,we found that the levels of the medial point of aortic arches,corresponding to 6.05,6.10and 6.19 in the 7 th region of the vertebral column respectively,Comparison of this figures with those of the adult revealed that its height in the infant is higher than in the adult. 3.The average lengths of aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants were 20.6?1.31mm,19.3?0.59mm and 20.8?0.43mm respectively. 4.The circumferences of the aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants before the aortic arch divided int?the innominate artery,in average,were 35.8?0.86 mm,36.4?1.04 mm and 38.6?0.83 mm respectively,and after dividing into the left subclavian artery,in average,they were 26.1?1.01mm,26.9?1.25 mm and 29.7?0.79 mm respectively. 5.Seven types can be distinguished in the patterns of the ramifications of the aortic arch.One type was not included in the twenty types of the ramification that have been suggested by Chang Wei-lung according to McDdonald and Anson's classification.This new type increases the number of the types of the human aortic arch to twenty one.The seven types viz: Type A:52.infants,68.42?5.33%.Type B:11 infants,14.47?4.03%.Type G: 4 infants,5.26?2.56%.Type D:1 infant,1.32?1.31%.Type F:4 infants,5.26? 2.56%.(One of the four cases is named thyro-thymus trunk).Type BF:1 infant,1.32 ?1.31%.(This type was composed of a common trunk,which consisted of the inno- minate and left common carotid,the left subclavian and the thyroidea ima arising from the common trunk.According to De Garis's classification,we combine type B with type F into type BF).Type J:3 infants,3.95?2.23%.(This type was more common in infants than in adults). 6.By comparing the types of ramification of aortic arch in 76 specimens with those of the adult,it reveals that the types of the ramifications of aortic arches vary with age.

STUDIES ON THE INNOMINATE ARTERIES AND THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES AND THEIR RAMIFICATIONS IN CHINESE INFANTS / 解剖学报

The position,length,size,and the site and pattern of ramification of the innominate arteries and common carotid arteries were studied in 76 specimens(♂44,♀32)of one- year-old to three-year-old Chinese infants. 1.The position relation between the innominate artery and trachea may be divided into three patterns:type Ⅰ:2 infants(2.63?1.8%),type Ⅱ:33 infants(43.42? 5.72%),type Ⅲ:41 infants(53.95?5.71%). 2.In 76 specimens the ramification region of innominate arteries of the Chinese infants were studied,among which in 57 specimens(75.0?4.96%)the site of ramifi- cation of innominate arteries is situated above the upper border of the sternoclavicular joint,and in 19 specimens(25.0?4.96%)behind the sternoclavicular joint.The region of ramification is higher in position in the infant than in the adult. 3.The average length of innominate arteries of all 76 specimens of 3 age groups: one,two,and three years old,is 20.7?0.42mm,19.2?0.56mm and 21.8?0.94mm respectively.The average circumference is 19.8?0.64mm,20.3?0.21mm and 21.0? 0.51mm respectively. 4.In 63 cases(82.9?4.32%)the innominate artery arises from the aortic arch by itself,in the other 13(17.1?4.32%)it arises from a common trunk,which is formed by the union of the innominate artery with the left common carotid artery.Among the 76 specimens,71 cases did not give off branches on its way,but in 4 specimens(5.26? 2.56%)the thyroidea ima is branched off directly from the innominate artery on its way,while in 1 specimen(1.32?1.31%)it arises from the common trunk. 5.The average site of ramification of the common carotid artery of the 76 Chinese infants is situated at the level of npper border of the intervertebral disc between the third and the fourth cervical vertebrae,but it is different on both sides:37 cases(48.7? 5.73%)with a higher level on the left,14 cases(18.4?4.44%)with.a higher level on the right side,25 cases(32.9?5.38%)with both sides on the same level. 6.The ramification angle of the common carotid arteries of the 76 infants fall into three patterns:60 sides(39.5?3.96%)belong to the acute angle pattern,40 sides(26.3? 3.57%)belong to the arcform pattern and 52 sides(34.2?84%)belong to the in- termediate pattern.The acute angle pattern is more common than the arcform pattern in the infants. 7.The average length of common carotid arteries of all 76 specimens of the three age-groups in one-、two-、three-year-old Chinese infants was 42.9?1.55mm,45.7?0.57 mm and 47.8?1.50mm on the right side and 59.0?1.10 mm,56.7?2.99mm and 64.9?1.62mm on the left side respectively,but the average circumference was 14.8 ?0.77mm,16.3?0.14mm and 16.6?0.19mm on the right side and 15.6?0.61 mm, 16.6?0.13mm and 17.3?0.40mm on the left side respectively.