A survey on the public 's discrimination rate of typical rumors during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#During the epidemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), the wide spread of rumors caused significant public hazards. This study aims to understand the situation of discrimination for typical COVID-19 rumors by the public and related factors.@*METHODS@#An anonymous online survey was carried out using Questionnaire Star. The contents included participants' gender, age, education level, the COVID-19 information sources, and the judgmental questions about 14 representative COVID-19 rumors. The discrimination rate and 95% confidence interval of 14 rumors were estimated, and the association of discrimination rate with gender, age, and education level was analyzed by binary logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 087 valid questionnaires were collected. The participants were mainly female (62.7%) and below 35 years old (63.4%); the education level was predominantly college/bachelor's degree (47.3%) and master's degree or above (39.1%); the participants, who accessed to COVID-19 information included internet media, accounted for 91%. The participants with different gender, age, and education level had significant differences in the distribution of COVID-19 information sources (all P<0.01). The participants' discrimination rate for 14 rumors ranged from 67.4% to 98.6%, with 4 rumors less than 80%. Women's discrimination rate of 9 rumors was significantly higher than men's (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the discrimination rate of rumors among the different age groups (all P>0.05), but the differences in the discrimination rate of other rumors among the different age groups varied according to the rumor. Compared to those with high school or less education levels, the discrimination rates were also higher in the respondents with high education levels (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#A few publics are still unable to identify typical rumors during the COVID-19 epidemic. There are associations among genders, age, and the education levels with the discrimination of some rumors. The government authorities should strengthen the true information regarding COVID-19, and therefore enhance the public's ability to identify rumors.

Accuracy and influential factors for hypertension prevalence based on questionnaire interview / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To assess the accuracy and influential factors for hypertension prevalence based on questionnaire interview by on-site measurement.@*METHODS@#Data were from the baseline surveys for chronic diseases among residents ages ≥18 years old in 4 districts/counties of Changsha between 2013 and 2014. All surveys adopted multi-stage random sampling to select samples. The Bootstrap resampling method was used to randomly select 1 000 repeated samples with replacement to obtain robust estimate of subgroup prevalence rates. Hypertension prevalence was calculated by using the data from both questionnaire interview and on-site measurement. Using the results of on-site measurement as the golden standard, the accuracy of questionnaire interview and 95% uncertainty interval were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the influential factors for the underestimated hypotension prevalence based on questionnaire interview.@*RESULTS@#The hypertension prevalence from on-site measurement among the residents in the 4 districts/counties of Changsha was significantly higher than that from questionnaire interview (prevalence ratio: 1.26-2.31). Taking the results of on-site measurement as the golden standard, the sensitivity of questionnaire interview on hypotension prevalence range from 41.76% to 74.83% among the 4 districts/counties, and the specificity fell between 98.51% and 99.46%. The underestimation in questionnaire interview was more likely to occur in the youngest age group (18-34 years old), males, and residents were at lower levels of education in all 4 districts/counties.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with the on-site measurement, questionnaire interview significantly under-estimate the hypertension prevalence, suggesting that the on-site measurement method should be firstly considered in epidemiological surveys for hypertension prevalence. If only the questionnaire method can be used to collect data due to conditions, it is necessary to make corresponding corrections to the questionnaire results with reference to relevant research evidence.

Disease burden among people aged 70 years or older in countries with different developmental levels from 1990 to 2016 / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To examine differences in burden of disease among people aged ≥70 years old in countries with different developmental levels from 1990 to 2016. 
 Methods: The sociodemographic index (SDI) of global burden of disease (GBD) was used to divide 195 countries into five developmental levels: high, high middle, middle, low middle and low. The results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2016 (GBD 2016) were extracted to examine disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and the health loss from the top 10 diseases and risk factors among the people aged ≥70 years old in countries with different SDIs. 
 Results: Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardized DALY rate among people aged ≥70 years old in countries with different SDIs all showed a downward trend. Different decreases in DALY rate in over-seventy old people were observed across countries with different SDI levels: -23.9% in high SDI, -21.3% in high-middle SDI, -23.4% in middle SDI, -18.8% in low-middle SDI and -16.3% in low SDI. In 1990, the age-standardized DALY rate among people aged ≥70 years old in low and low middle SDI countries was 1.67 and 1.49 times of that in high SDI countries; and the gaps rose to 1.83 and 1.59 times in 2016. The DALY rate of the aged people remained remarkably higher in low middle and low SDI countries in 2016, and the gap widened compared with that in 1990. The reduction of age-standardized DALY rate was mainly due to the decrease of years of life lost (YLL). In 2016, low SDI and low-middle SDI countries suffered much higher burden of disease from infectious diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases. Analysis of leading causes and risk factors of DALY showed significant disparities across different SDI countries; burden of disease caused by environmental pollution and adverse health conditions was much higher in the low SDI and lower-middle SDI countries than that in the other countries.
 Conclusion: During 1990-2016, the burden of disease in countries of all 5 SDI levels declined. But the reductions in the developing countries were less than those in the developed countries, widening health disparities for the elderly between low and high SDI countries. International organizations and individual governments should take measures to narrow health gaps among old adults across countries with different developmental levels.

Review on the progress regarding the intervention mapping protocol / 中华流行病学杂志

Along with the significant development on both theory and practice of health promotion programs, the application of behavioral and social science theories has also been advanced in the fields of design and evaluation regarding the intervention-related studies. Intervention mapping is a new planning protocol, efficiently used to develop, implement, and evaluate health promotion related intervention programs. In this article, we are briefly introducing the basic concepts, implementation steps, specific requirements, as well as reviewing the current progress in methodologies, application that are related to intervention mapping, so as to provide reference for health intervention research studies, domestically.

Progress in cohort studies related to injury / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To summarize the progress of injury cohort studies over the world.@*Methods@#Relevant information of injury cohort publications published before December 2017 were retrieved from PubMed, WanFang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, consisting of the starting year, category of injury, study population, sample size, countries, follow-up duration, main exposure variables, outcome variables and method of data collection, and statistical methods.@*Results@#A total of 295 studies were included in the analysis. The overall number of injury cohort studies increased with a peak in 2000, and then decreased. The top three countries that most frequently published cohort studies were the United States (52), Sweden (46) and the United Kingdom (37). A total of 29 published injury cohorts were identified in China, about 3, 23 and 3 cohort studies from the mainland of China, Taiwan Province, and Hong Kong Specific Administrative Region, respectively. The majority of cohort studies involved a single injury cause (93.6%); the most common injury causes included suicide/self-harm (46.1%), falls (17.3%) and road traffic injuries (14.6%). For the published cohort studies, exposure variables and outcome events varied with injury causes, primarily being collected through data registration system, national survey data, questionnaire survey, telephone interviews, and other means.@*Conclusion@#A number of injury cohorts have been established worldwide, and few in the mainland of China. The existed cohort studies could offer important references for the design of large-scale, multi-center and high-quality injury cohort in China in the future.

Uninsured status and its influential factors among residents in Hunan Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the insured and uninsured status of medical insurance among residents in Hunan province and the influential factors for uninsured status.Methods:A stratified,muti-stage,cluster sampling was used to select 7 rural counties and 7 urban districts from 122 counties/districts.In each selected county/district,5 towns were chosen at random.2 villages (or communities) were further selected in each given town randomly.At last,households were selected from sample villages (or communities) using systematic sampling and all members of selected households were surveyed through face-to-face interview.Complex sampling weights were considered to estimate the coverage rate of medical insurance and 95％ confidence interval.We used logistic regression to identify significant factors for not purchase insurance.Results:The overall coverage rate of medical insurance was 95.76％(95％ CI 93.04％ to 98.49％) in Hunan residents,and 4.24％ (95％ CI 1.51％ to 6.96％) of surveyed residents did not participate in any medical insurance program.Particularly,the proportion of residents not participating in any medical insurance program approached 10.17％ among urban residents under 18 years.Age,household income per capita,without chronic disease,were found being associated with uninsured status of medical insurance.Conclusion:To achieve the goal of universal health coverage by 2020,social medical insurance department should take measures to raise the coverage rate of medical insurance among residents.

Analysis of the status and influential factors for prenatal care and postpartum visit among pregnant women based on the First Health Service Survey in Hunan Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To evaluate the status and influential factors for prenatal care and postpartum visit among pregnant women in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2013 based on the data from the First Health Service Survey in Hunan Province.
 Methods: Based on the data of prenatal care and postpartum visit among pregnant women from the First Health Service Survey of Hunan Province in 2013, proportion of pregnant women, who didn't meet the criteria for prenatal care and postpartum visit, were calculated (≥5 times for prenatal care and ≥2 times for postpartum visit, according to the National Basic Public Health Service program, 2009 Edition). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the influencial factors.
 Results: A total of 1 035 eligible women were included in data analysis. The proportion of pregnant women who did not meet the criteria were 40.12% (95% CI 24.91%-55.33%) for prenatal care and 64.88% (95% CI 39.70%-90.06%) for postpartum visit. After adjusting other confounding factors, pregnant women with middle- and high-income had lower proportions of not meeting the criteria than those with low-income, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.41 and 0.39, respectively. Multiparae had higher proportion of not meeting the criteria than primiparas, with adjusted odds ratio of 1.54, and pregnant women with age 25-34 years and 35-64 years had lower proportions of not meeting the criteria than those with age 15-24 years. In term of postpartum visit, pregnant women with middle- to high-income had lower proportions of not meeting the criteria than those with low-income, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.50, 0.46 and 0.54, respectively; multiparae had higher proportion of not meeting the criteria than primiparas, with the adjusted odds ratio of 2.30.
 Conclusion: Proportions of pregnant women of not meeting the criteria are high in Hunan Province. Local government should strengthen the management to decrease the proportions of pregnant women who do not meet the standard in prenatal care and postpartum visit, especially for those mulparae with low family income and young age.

Progress in research of mobile health intervention / 中华流行病学杂志

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the growing popularity of smartphones worldwide,mobile health has become an extension of e-Health and Tele-Health,and is of value in the research and practice of public health.In this paper,we systematically assessed research literature of mobile health's application on disease prevention and control as well as health promotion.Based on the characteristics of current literature,this paper focused on the application of mobile health in maternal health promotion,chronic disease management,and communicable disease prevention and control to provide reference for the mobile health intervention research in China.

Progress in research of mobile health intervention / 中华流行病学杂志

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the growing popularity of smartphones worldwide,mobile health has become an extension of e-Health and Tele-Health,and is of value in the research and practice of public health.In this paper,we systematically assessed research literature of mobile health's application on disease prevention and control as well as health promotion.Based on the characteristics of current literature,this paper focused on the application of mobile health in maternal health promotion,chronic disease management,and communicable disease prevention and control to provide reference for the mobile health intervention research in China.

Injury mortality in China, from 1990 to 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the changing pattern of injury mortality from 1990 to 2010 in China.Methods Data related to injury mortality between 1990 and 2010 from the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 were analyzed by sex,age,causes and risk factors,under the linear regression model.Results The rates on mortality of injuries showed a significant decline between 1990 and 2010,especially in women and in children aged 0-4 years.In 2010,there were around 796 thousand people died from all kinds of injuries,with an age-standardized mortality as 57/100 000 population.Rates on injury mortality were higher in men and in people aged 70 years or over,than in women or in younger age groups.In contrast to the substantial increase on mortality rate caused by road injury,all the other causes induced mortalities showed distinct decrease.In 2010,injuries accounted for 9.6 percent of the total number of deaths in China,which exceeded the number of deaths caused by communicable,maternal,neonatal diseases or nutritional disorders.The leading causes of injury mortality were road traffic injury,self-hurt,drowning and falls in 2010.In addition,major risk factors that causing injury mortality reduced during the study period,and the top three risk factors showed as occupational-related,alcohol use,and low bone mineral density (osteoporosis).Conclusion Despite the fact that rates on injury-related mortality were decreasing,injury remained a critical public health problem in China.

Analysis of satisfactions for services among outpatients and inpatients at the age of equal to or more than 15 years old in Hunan province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the satisfaction of service for outpatient within two weeks and for inpatient service within a year in Hunan Province in 2013 and to analyze the influential factors.
@*METHODS@#Using the data from the First Health Service Survey of Hunan Province, we evaluated the satisfactions for service in outpatients and inpatients based on the listed satisfaction indicators of the Fifth National Health Service Survey questionnaire. Weighted logistic regression was used to examine the influential factors for patients' satisfactions. SURVEYFREQ and SURVEYLOGISTIC procedures in SAS9.2 were used to conduct statistical analysis.
@*RESULTS@#The overall satisfaction proportion was 73.85% (95% CI: 68.67%-79.03%) and 66.31% (95% CI: 61.28%-71.34%) for outpatients and inpatients, respectively. After adjusting the location, gender, age and household income, high degree of satisfaction for outpatients was associated with good patience and trust in medical personnel as well as the low medical costs, with the adjusted odds ratios of 3.64, 5.38 and 3.34, respectively; high degree of satisfaction for inpatients was associated with a good attitude from medical personnel to patients' questions, high patients' trust in medical personnel and low medical costs, with the adjusted odds ratios of 2.56, 4.69 and 4.35, respectively.
@*CONCLUSION@#Most of outpatients and inpatients were satisfied with medical services in 2013 in Hunan province. High degree of satisfaction is associated with good attitude from medical personnel to patients' questions, good patience and trust in medical personnel, and low medical costs.