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Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and EMT plays a key role in the development and metastasis of gastric cancer. The regulation of EMT is a complex network. Transcription factors such as SNAIL/SLUG, Twist1/2 and ZEB1/2 play an important induction role in the process of tumor EMT. In addition, the regulation of EMT is related to the participation of cytokines and miRNAs (such as miR-200 family). In recent years, with the deepening studies on non-coding RNAs, researchers discovered that ceRNA networks, involving lncRNA, circRNA, miRNA, mRNA and other RNA molecules, can extensively regulate the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, and are closely related to EMT. This paper reviews the role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA as ceRNA in EMT of gastric cancer, to deepen the understanding of ceRNA network in gastric cancer and other malignant tumors.
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Objective:To study the predictive value of superb microvascular imaging(SMI) in evaluating therapeutic efficacy of hepatic cancer treated by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(PRFA).Methods:From Feb 2017 to Feb 2018, 55 patients (male: 31, female: 24, age range: 37-68 years, mean age: 56years) with 72 hepatic carcinoma lesions (length: 21.3-45.6 mm, average: 31.2 mm) were detected by SMI and contrast-enhanced CT(CECT)before PRFA. One month after treatment, more than two imaging examinations (CECT, CEMR, ultrasonic imaging) were used as the "gold standard" to evaluate the complete ablation rates. Consistency between the SMI grading and the arterial phase enhancement of CECT was analyzed by the Kappa-test.Results:Before PRFA, SMI showed 12 lesions (16.7%) to be in grade Ⅰ, 28 lesions (38.9%) in grade Ⅱ and 32 lesions (44.4%) in grade Ⅲ. The arterial phase of CECT showed 37 lesions (51.4%) to have no obvious enhancement and 35 lesions (48.6%) to have obvious enhancement. Consistency analysis showed that there was a high consistency between SMI and CECT(Kappa=0.861, P<0.001). The higher the SMI grading, the more obvious the enhancement on CECT. The complete ablation rates of the grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ lesions were 100%(12/12), 92.9%(26/28) and 71.9%(23/32), respectively. The complete ablation rate of the lesions in grade Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ (both P<0.05). Conclusion:SMI showed a good consistency with CECT in evaluating the blood flow signals of hepatic cancer, SMI grading could be used in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of hepatic cancer treated by PRFA.
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Objective To compare the image features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) for papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods From January 2015 to April 2016,86 consecutive patients underwent surgery and pathologically confirmed PTCs in the People 's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University were selected.All patients received neck US and MRI examination before thyroid surgery .For each case,the US and MRI features emphasized included the echogenic /signal,margin,shape,anteroposterior to transverse diameter ratio (A/T), microcalcifications and lymph node metastasis .Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test.Results In the comparison of US and MRI features,A/T≥1(41.9％in US and 62.8％in MRI) and lymph node metastasis(88.0％in MRI;56.0％in US) demonstrated statistically significant differences (χ2 =7.551,P=0.009;χ2 =6.349,P=0.025),and no significant differences were observed in the margin ,shape(P=0.724,P=0.316).Conclusion The MRI features of PTCs included A/T and lymph node metastasis was superior to US .
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of preoperative multi b values of DWI and ADC for the prediction of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods Between January 2013 and February 2017,MR images including dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) and DWI images of 81 patients diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University were retrospectively analyzed.ADC values were measured on solid regions of tumors.The differences of ADC were compared between tumors with total ETE(minimal ETE,extensive ETE) and without ETE by independent-samples t test.Results When b=500 s/mm2,ADC values of PTCs with ETE[(1.27±0.17)× 10-3mm2/s]were significantly lower than those from PTCs without ETE [(2.12±0.72)× 10-3mm2/s,(t=9.126,P=0.000)].ADC values of PTCs with extensive ETE[(1.23±0.17)× 10-3mm2/s] were significantly lower than those from PTCs with minimal ETE[(1.29±0.16)× 10-3mm2/s,(t=1.467,P=0.147)].When b=500 s/mm2,the cutoff value of ADC to discriminate PTCs with and without ETE was 1.530×10-3 mm2/s with a sensitivity of 69.0％,specificity of 93.7％,positive predictive value of 77.6％,negative predictive of 77.5％ and ROC curve area of 0.887.Conclusion ADC values of the solid tumor tissue of PTC with ETE are significantly lower than those of PTC without ETE.DWI may be helpful in the determination of thyroid papillary carcinoma ETE.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of ferulic acid ligustrazine (FATM) solid lipid nanoparticles (FATM-SLN),and conduct the quality evaluation. METHODS:Emulsification ultrasonic method was used to prepare FATM-SLN. Using particle size and entrapment efficiency as indexes,amount of glyceryl monostearate,egg yolk lecithin (PC),poloxamer 188 (P188),and sodium stearate as factors,single factor test and orthogonal test were used to optimize the formulation;and verifica-tion test was conducted. The appearance morphology,distribution of particle size,Zeta potential,stability and in vitro release de-gree of prepared FATM-SLN were investigated. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as FATM of 10 mg,glyceryl monostearate of 300 mg,PC of 200 mg,P188 of 200 mg,sodium stearate of 10 mg,and purified water of 20 mL. The prepared FATM-SLN showed spherical solid particles,appearance morphology was round,distribution of particle size was 40-800 nm,parti-cle size was 106.23 nm,polydispersity index was 0.254,Zeta potential was -34.8 mV,entrapment efficiency was 73.32%,drug loading was 1.20%;the appearance had no obvious changes within 10 d in 4 ℃(RSD<2%). The drug-release in 0.5-1 h was the fastest,the cumulative release degree reached to 60.47%;it tended to be stable after 8 h,the cumulative release degree reached to 93.46%,and drugs were basically released completely. CONCLUSIONS:FATM-SLN formulation is successfully optimized,and the prepared FATM-SLN has small particle size,high entrapment efficiency and good stability.
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Objective To detect the expression levels of anti-differentiation antagonizing noncoding RNA (DANCR) in exosomes from serum of gastric cancer patients and evaluate its clinical application.Methods The expression levels of DANCR in exosomes derived from the culture supernatants of gastric cancer cell lines and the serum samples of gastric cancer patients were detected by using realtime qRT-PCR.The correlations between DANCR levels and the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of DANCR.Results The expression level of DANCR in HGC-27 cell(4.43 ± 0.37) was significantly higher than that in GES-1 cells (1.01 ± 0.01) (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of DANCR in exosomes from the supernatants of HGC-27 cells(3.06 ±0.14) were significantly higher than that from GES-1 cells(1.01 ± 0.20) (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of DANCR in exosomes from the serum samples of gastric cancer patients [5.060 (1.380,22.785)] were significantly higher than that in gastric benign disease [0.535 (0.340,1.380)] (Z =-3.409,P ＜ 0.01) and healthy controls [1.200 (0.605,1.655)] (Z =-4.229,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the expression levels of serum exosomal DANCR between gastric benign disease group and healthy control group(Z=-1.308,P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the expression levels of DANCR in gastric cancer patients were related to tumor size,TNA stage and lymph node metastasis.The area under the ROC curve of serum exosomal DANCR expression levels was 0.777 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer,the 95％ confidence interval was 0.678 to 0.876 and the cutoff value was 2.50.The sensitivity was 68.6％ and the specificity was 84.4％.Conclusion The expression level of serum exosomal DANCR may increase in gastric cancer patients and could be served as a novel marker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum LINC00978 in gastric cancer patients and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics,and evaluate its clinical diagnostic value.Methods The expression levels of LINC00978 in gastric cancer cells and serum samples from the patients with gastric cancer or gastric benign diseases and healthy controls were detected by real-time qRT-PCR,and its correlations with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.The diagnostic efficacy of serum LINC00978 was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The expression levels of LINC00978 in MGC-803 cells were significantly higher than that in GES-1 cells (18.88 ± 1.15 vs 1.00 ± 0.03,t =-21.926,P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels (median[P25,P75]) of serum LINC00978 in gastric cancer patients (3.525 [1.385,8.954]) were significantly higher than those in the patients with gastric benign diseases (0.419 [0.258,1.369],Z =-4.834,P ＜ 0.01) and healthy controls (0.814 [0.351,2.510],Z =-4.686,P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of serum LINC00978 in gastric cancer patients were significantly related to lymphatic metastasis (r =0.448,P ＜ 0.01),invasive depth (r =0.369,P ＜ 0.01) and TNM stage (r =0.383,P ＜ 0.01),and those after operation significantly lower than before operation (0.17 [0.15,0.39] vs 0.98 [0.59,1.61],Z =-5.731,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in serum LINC00978 levels between the patients with gastric benign diseases and healthy controls (Z =-1.693,P ＞ 0.05).The area under the ROC curve (AUCROC) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) of serum LINC00978 levels in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 0.807 and 0.732-0.882,respectively.When the cutoff value was 1.806,the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 71.4％ and 75.9％,respectively.Conclusion The expression levels of serum LINC00978 in gastric cancer patients increase and are related to lymphatic metastasis,invasive depth and TNM stage,which may be served as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can extensively participate in the pathogenesis,proliferation,invasion and metastasis,apoptosis,angiogenesis,immunization,and drug resistance of gastric cancer through various mechanisms,including epigenetic regulation,variable splicing and competitive endogenous RNA.In addition,lncRNA has broad prospects in the diagnosis,targeted therapy and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of RNA molecules that longer than 200 nucleotides.lncRNA is lack of functional open reading frames and has no protein coding ability.Recently, accumulating evidences indicate that lncRNA plays active roles in tumor carcinogenesis and progression.The aberrant expression of lncRNA is significantly correlated with the growth,metastasis,and therapy-resistance of digestive system tumors.Thus,lncRNA may be served as new targets for the diagnosis,treatment,and progno-sis of patients with digestive system tumors.
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Objective To investigate the value of muhi-detector CT (MDCT) low tension dynamic enhanced scanning on the preoperative assessment of advanced gastric cancer.Methods MDCT low tension dynamic enhanced scanning,tumor diagnosis and staging and prediction of surgery operation were performed on 43 cases of advanced gastric cancer.And the above results were compared with pathology results.Results The 36 cases were treated with resection,while 7 cases were treated by gastrointestinal anastomosis.The MDCT had 76.7 ％ (33/43) of accuracy for the preoperative T staging and 74.4 ％ (32/43) of accuracy for the preoperative N staging,respectively.The stomach wall thickness was closely related to serosal invasion (x2 =20.170 9,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The MDCT low tension dynamic enhanced scanning can improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of preoperative staging of T and N in advanced gastric cancer.It is valuable for the preoperative diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Objective To investigate the effects of miR-10a expression on migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1.Methods Small interfering RNA targeting at miR-10a (miR-10a-siRNA) was constructed,then it was transfected into pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells,and nonsense siRNA (Nc-siRNA) group and blank control group was established.Real time PCR assay was used to detect the expression of miR-10a in the 3 groups,and wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to determine the migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells.The amount of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in supernatant of cancer cell culture of each group was examined by ELISA assay.Results The miR-10a levels in control group,NC-siRNA group and miR-10a-siRNA group were 1.05 ±0.08,1.03 ±0.06,0.02 ±0.01 ; and the number of transmembrane cell were (150 ± 2.6),(145 ± 2.2),(62 ± 1.8),the levels of MMP-13 in the supernatant were (108.5 ± 2.8),(107.8 ± 2.5),(35.8 ± 1.5) pg/ml.The values were significantly lower in miR-10a-siRNA group than those in control group and NC-siRNA group (P ＜ 0.01).The distance of cultured clone in miR-10a treated cancer cells (736± 18 μm) was significantly longer than those in the controls (385 ±5 μm) and NC-siRNA group (395± 13 μm,P＜0.01).Conclusions Down-regulation of miR-10a by siRNA may inhibit migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells,and the downregulated expression of MMP-13 may be one of the important mechanisms.
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Objective To study effects of polo-like kinase-1(PLK1)small interfering RNA(siRNA)on proliferation and apoptosis of undifferentiated human thyroid cancer cells.Methods 5 PLK1 siRNA(S1,S2,S3,S4 and S5)were constructed and used to transfect human thyroid cancer cell line ARO.RT-PCR was employed to pick out the most effective siRNA,which was then used to transfect ARO cell.RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect PLK1 expression in thyroid cancer cells,which were divided into different groups.MTT assay was performed to examine the effects of PLK1 siRNA on thyroid cancer cells in all groups.Apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells was observed by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL.Results All the 5 siRNA down-regulated PLK1 mRNA expression.among which S4 showed the best effect.S4 transfection could obviously inhibit proliferation of thyroid cancer cells in dose and time dependent manner.Compared with control groups,caspase-3 activity of cancer cells in s4 transfeeted group increased significantly.The effect of S4 transfection was dose and time dependent.TUNEL results showed apoptosis of cancer cells transfected by S4 siRNA was obvious and apoptosis of cells was dose-dependent.Conclusions PLK1 may play an important role in proliferation of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma.PLK1 siRNA transfection can inhibit proliferation of throid cancer cell through apoptosis induction.
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Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of S100A4 gene silence on invasion of human thyroid cancer cell. Methods After thyroid cancer cell ARO was transfected by S100A4 small interfering RNA (siRNA), mRNA and protein level of S100A4 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The anchorage-independent growth was examined by colony formation assay in soft agar, and invasion ability was evaluated by boyden chamber model. Results The level of mRNA and protein of S100A4 was significantly inhibited in ARO cancer cells transfected by S100A4 siRNA.Transfection with S100A4 siRNA could inhibit anchorage-independent growth and invasion ability of thyroid cancer cell ARO in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 were down-regulated by S100A4 siRNA. Conclusion S100A4 siRNA can inhibit the invasion of thyroid cancer cell through down-regulation of MMP-2.
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Objective To study the impact of TDGF-1 gene silience by small interfering RNA(siRNA)on the invasion and migration of human breast cancer cell. Methods 3 siRNA fragments were designed according to the characteristic of TDGF-1 gene sequence and the most appropriate siRNA was selected by fluorescence real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. After the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 was transfected by the selected TDGF-1 siRNA, mRNA and protein of TDGF-1 were determined by real time quantitative RT-PCR and western blot respectively. The migration and invasion ability of the cancer cell were evaluated by wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber model respectively. Results siRNA could down-regulate the level of mRNA and protein of TDGF-1 in a dose-and time-dependent manner. In vitro experiment showed that TDGF-1 siRNA transfection can effectively inhibit the clonal growth, invasion and migration of breast cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions TDGF-1 gene may play an important role in the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. siRNA transfection can inhibit the invasion of human breast cancer cells.