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Objective:To analyze the effect of spine-pelvis sagittal parameters and sagittal orientation of facet joint on degeneration of cranial L 3,4 facet joint (facet joint degeneration, FJD) after L 4-S 1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Methods:Patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent L 4-S 1 PLIF from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively investigated, there were 54 cases, including 28 males and 26 females. Age: 54.59±5.48 years (range, 45-60 years). X-ray, CT, MRI and Weishuapt grade was used to evaluate the degeneration of L 3,4 facet joint at the cranial adjacent segment. The general information and the sagittal parameters of spine pelvis at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The former included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), follow-up time and preoperative diagnosis. The latter included lower lumbar lordosis angle (LLL), lumbar lordosis angle (LL), pelvis incidence (PI), pelvis tilt (PT), sacrum slope (SS), the height of the intervertebral space (HD), the angle of cranial facet joint, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) lumbar function score and improvement rate were compared at the same time. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables between groups; comparison of categorical variable components χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk factors of adjacent FJD. Results:Postoperative follow-up was 33.44±6.85 months (range, 24-36 months), there were 17 patients in the degenerative group and 37 patients in the non degenerative group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, BMD, follow-up time or preoperative diagnosis between the two groups. LLL, LL and SS also showed no significant difference. At the last follow-up, PI (56.28°±6.03° vs. 47.87°±8.30°, t=3.74, P=0.001), PT (17.90°±7.06° vs. 14.41°±5.51°, t=1.97, P=0.042) and the joint angle of the cephalic facet (58.48°±2.00° vs. 54.69°±3.01°, t=4.72, P=0.072) in the degenerative group were greater than those in the non-degenerative group. In the subgroup analysis of lumbar lordosis distribution, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2=9.90, P=0.006). The HD in the degenerative group 7.50±3.60 mm was significantly lower than that in the non degenerative group 9.30±2.79 mm ( t=2.00, P=0.031). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increase of PI ( OR=1.22, P=0.005) and magnified cephalic facet joint angle ( OR=2.04, P=0.008) were risk factors for adjacent segment facet degeneration. At the last follow-up, the ODI improvement rate in the degenerative group (58.14%±13.41% vs. 70.18%±8.03%, t=4.11, P<0.001) and the JOA score improvement rate (44.72%±9.53% vs. 68.86%±8.55%, t=0.43, P=0.001) were lower than those in the non degenerative group. Conclusion:The increase of PI and sagittal facet (increased joint angle of proximal facet) are risk factors of adjacent segment FJD after lumbar fusion; The abnormal distribution of lower lumbar lordosis and poor PT recovery in adjacent segment FJD patients after lumbar fusion are more obvious, which may be related to the increase of PI; After lumbar fusion, the orientation of adjacent facet joint tended to be sagittal.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) on the biological properties of osteoblasts exposed to high glucose.Methods:MC3T3 cells were cultured in the high glucose condition and were divided into 4 groups according to BMP-7 concentration (ng/ml):0 (control group),50,100 and 200 ng/mL BMP-7 (test groups).The cell proliferation and ALP activity were examind 1,3,5 and 7 d after exposure.The number of intracellular calcium nodules were observed with Alizarin red staining after osteogenesis induction for 21 days.The F-actin cytoskeleton of MC3T3 was stained with Rhodamine and examined 24 h after culture.The mRNA expression of OCN and Runx2 were quantified by RT-qPCR 48h after exposure to BMP-7.Results:BMP-7 significantly promoted proliferation of MC3T3 cells and enhanced ALP activity(P ＜ 0.05),increased the number and volume of intracellular calcium nodules.In the cells exposed to BMP-7,the osteoblast form was improved and F-actin cytoskeleton started to change with network structure.Compared with control group,the mRNA levels of OCN and Runx2 were up-regulated in BMP-7 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA levels of OCN and Runx2 were the highest in 200 ng/ml BMP-7 group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:BMP 7 may inhibit the action of the high concentration of glucose on MC3T3 cells.BMP-7 may be benificial to osseointegration of dental implant in patietents with diabetics.
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BACKGROUND:Kinesin II family member 3A (KIF3A), as an important member of the kinesin-2 family, not only holds some general characters of kinesin including the regulation of intracel ular transport and mediation of microtubule movement, but also possesses its own specific features. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of the function of KIF3A recently. METHODS:A computer-based online research for relative literatures published from January 1996 to July 2016 was performed in PubMed and CJFD databases using the English retrieval words of“KIF3A;kinesin;molecular motor”and Chinese keywords of“kinesin;microtubule;function;molecular motor;spinal cord injury”, respectively. A total of 92 articles were retrieved, and 62 eligible articles were included according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:KIF3A is involved in new bone formation regulation, in the control of nephron number, cell survival and gene expression, in sperm formation and in the inhibition of prostate cancer and glioblastoma process:In the meanwhile, whether KIF3A is involved in spinal nerve injuries is discussed. All provide valuable new information and new ideas for further in-depth study on the KIF3A.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of titanium spcimens with different surface character on the proliferation and mRNA expression of IL-6 and Cbfα1 in osteoblasts.Methods:Titanium surface was treated by smooth pretreatment(PT),sandblast and acid etch(SLA)and anodic oxidation(AD)respectively.The morphology and the elements analysis of the spcimens were inspected and detected by SEMand EDS.The surface contact angle was measured by contact angle meter.MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the titanium surface and cells cultured on tissue culture plate were served as the control group.The proliferation was measured by MTT assay.The mRNA expression of IL-6 and Cbfα1 was quantified by RT-qPCR.Results:The sample surface in PT group showed scrat-ches,in SLA group showed multiple three dimensional structure,in AD group exhibited porous structure.The elements of the sample surface of group PT,SLA and AD were Ti,Ti/Al and Ti/O respectively;the contact angles were 54.47°±3.33°,75.42°±8.32° and 38.91 °±4.00°respectively(P<0.05).The cells in AD group showed higher proliferation than those in PT and SLA groups(P<0.05).In AD group IL-6 mRNA expression decreased and Cbfα1 mRNA increased more than in PT and SLA groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Titanium spcimens treated with AD may promote cell proliferation,decrease IL-6 mRNA expression and increase Cbfα1 mRNA expression in MC3T3 cells.Implats treated with AD might have some advantages in early osseointegration.
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BACKGROUND:Studies have confirmed that nicotine affects the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts and erythrocytes. OBJECTIVE:To study the nicotine effects on osseointegration and the expression of osteoprotegerin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 after implantation of dental implants with surface treatment by sandblasting or acid etching. METHODS:Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups and received daily injections for 2 weeks as folows: Nicotine 2 mg/kg twice for experimental group, saline solution for control group. Then the titanium implants with surface sandblasting or acid etching were implanted into the tibiae folowed by continuous nicotine or normal saline injection. At weeks 2 and 4 after implantation, the implants and surrounding bone tissue were prepared for CT, X-ray and hematoxylin-eosin staining examinations to evaluate bone healing and expression levels of bone-related genes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control groups, the degree of osseointegration and the expression of osteoprotegerin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the experimental groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), except that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the experimental group with acid etching was not significantly reduced. In addition, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the experimental group with acid etching was higher than that in the experimental group with sandblasting at 2 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05). The X-ray and CT show that the quantities of new generation bone and the degree of bone mineralization of the sandblasting group were significant lower than those of the acid etching group under the intervention of nicotine. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the activity and quantity of osteoblasts around the implants down-regulated significantly, but acid etching-treated implants showed better outcomes than sandblasting-treated implants.