Caracterización de la interconsulta médico-psicológica en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad / Characterization of the medical-psychological consultation at a tertiary pediatric hospital

Durante los meses de febrero a mayo de 2014 se caracterizaron las interconsultas de pacientes del área de internación que no eran atendidos por equipos interdisciplinarios y por los que se consultaba por primera vez, realizadas por los becarios del Servicio de Salud Mental (SSM). Se analizaron los datos ociobiodemográficos de los pacientes, las categorías de los pedidos y los diagnósticos e intervenciones por parte del servicio de salud mental. También se analizó la coincidencia de los diagnósticos realizados por los pediatras solicitantes con los realizados por los especialistas. La muestra total quedó constituida por 62 pacientes, 53% de sexo masculino, 70% proveniente del conurbano. Los pediatras consideraron que el 94% de las consultas debían realizarse en el día. El pedido más frecuente fue el requerimiento de atención por síntomas psicopatológicos en el niño (45%), seguidos por el malestar en el niño inherente a la situación de enfermar (21%). De los síntomas psicopatológicos, los conversivos fueron los más frecuentes. En el 8% de los casos el especialista consideró luego de la evaluación que la interconsulta no era pertinente. En el 41% de los casos existió total coincidencia en el diagnóstico realizado por el pediatra y por el especialista. Los especialistas diagnosticaron 6% menos síntomas psicopatológicos que los pediatras en los niños, y 5% más en los padres. La intervención más utilizada fue la psicoterapéutica (90%). Solo requirieron farmacoterapia el 10% de los pacientes. El 86% de las consultas requirieron seguimiento durante la internación y el 26%, continuar de manera ambulatoria tras el alta (AU)

Between February and May 2014 consultations from the inpatient area for children who were not managed by multidisciplinary teams and who were consulted for the first time were evaluated by fellows from the Department of Mental Health. Sociodemographic data of the patients, consultation categories, diagnoses, and interventions by the Mental Health team were analyzed. Coincidence between the diagnosis made by the pediatricians who requested the consultation and that made by the specialists was also assessed. The total sample consisted of 62 patients; 53% were male and 70% came from Greater Buenos Aires. The pediatricians considered that 94% of the children needed consultation on the same day. The most common request for consultation was because of psychopathological symptoms in the child (45%), followed by disease-related discomfort in the child (21%). Conversion symptoms were the most common psychopathological symptoms observed. In 8% of the cases, after evaluation the specialist did not consider the consultation necessary. In 41% of the cases the diagnosis of the specialist coincided with that of the pediatrician. Specialists diagnosed 6% less psychopathological symptoms in children and 5% more in parents compared to pediatricians. The most commonly used intervention was psychotherapy (90%). Only 10% of the patients required pharmacotherapy. Overall, 86% of the consultations required follow-up during hospital stay and in 26% of the patients, follow-up in an outpatient setting was necessary (AU)

Characterizing the hippocampal theta's response to carbachol; using a complete septo-hippocampal preparation / Caracterización de la respuesta theta del hipocampo al carbacol en una preparación septo-hipocámpica completa

Abstract: The present study describes the pharmacological analysis of the effects of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, on hippocampal theta activity. Knowing that this activity is critically related to cognitive function and altered in patients with neurodegeneration, pharmacological efforts aiming to directly modulate hippocampal theta activity becomes of central importance. In a recently developed complete septo-hippocampal preparation, carbachol elicited significant theta power enhancement with 1 μM. Concentrations under 1 μM and over 2 μM carbachol caused significant reduction in the power of hippocampal theta activity. Carbachol effects were completely blocked with the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. At the experimental level, it is the first time the direct action of a cholinergic agonist is evaluated in the septo-hippocampal pathway completely isolated. However, carbachol as a cholinergic agonist is a drug with a certain level of nonspecific response. That is why to correct this experimental limitation, we used scopolamine (cholinergic antagonist) which allowed us to corroborate the effects on the cholinergic pathway. In summary, electrophysiological assays demonstrated an effective concentration range of carbachol specifically modulating hippocampal theta activity.

Resumen: El presente estudio describe el análisis farmacológico de los efectos de carbacol, un agonista colinérgico, sobre la actividad theta del hipocampo. Sabiendo que esta actividad está críticamente relacionada con la función cognitiva y alterada en pacientes con neurodegeneración, los esfuerzos farmacológicos destinados a modular directamente la actividad theta del hipocampo se vuelven de gran importancia. En una preparación completa que contiene la región septal media conectada al hipocampo, desarrollada recientemente, 1 μM de carbacol provocó un incremento significativo a nivel de potencia en la actividad theta del hipocampo. Las concentraciones menores de1 μM y mayores a 2 μM causaron una reducción significativa en la potencia de la actividad theta. Los efectos del carbacol fueron completamente bloqueados con la escopolamina, antagonista colinérgico. A nivel experimental, es la primera vez que se evalúa la acción directa de un agonista colinérgico en la vía septo-hipocámpica completamente aislada. Sin embargo, el carbacol como agonista colinérgico es un fármaco que presenta cierto nivel de respuesta inespecífica. Es por eso que para corregir esta limitante experimental, se utilizó escopolamina (antagonista colinérgico) lo que nos permitió corroborar los efectos sobre la vía colinérgica. En resumen, nuestros estudios electrofisiológicos demostraron un intervalo de concentración eficaz del carbacol que modula específicamente la actividad theta del hipocampo.

Exercise stress testing before and after successful multivessel percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Controversy exists regarding the diagnostic accuracy, optimal technique, and timing of exercise testing after percutaneous coronary intervention. The objectives of the present study were to analyze variables and the power of exercise testing to predict restenosis or a new lesion, 6 months after the procedure. Eight-four coronary multi-artery diseased patients with preserved ventricular function were studied (66 males, mean age of all patients: 59 ± 10 years). All underwent coronary angiography and exercise testing with the Bruce protocol, before and 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. The following parameters were measured: heart rate, blood pressure, rate-pressure product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure), presence of angina, maximal ST-segment depression, and exercise duration. On average, 2.33 lesions/patient were treated and restenosis or progression of disease occurred in 46 (55 percent) patients. Significant increases in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.022), rate-pressure product (P = 0.045) and exercise duration (P = 0.003) were detected after the procedure. Twenty-seven (32 percent) patients presented angina during the exercise test before the procedure and 16 (19 percent) after the procedure. The exercise test for the detection of restenosis or new lesion presented 61 percent sensitivity, 63 percent specificity, 62 percent accuracy, and 67 and 57 percent positive and negative predictive values, respectively. In patients without restenosis, the exercise duration after percutaneous coronary intervention was significantly longer (460 ± 154 vs 381 ± 145 s, P = 0.008). Only the exercise duration permitted us to identify patients with and without restenosis or a new lesion.

Micetoma de origen laboral. / Occupational mycetomas

En el Uruguay la frecuencia de micetomas es rara. Presentamos el sexto caso.Se trata de un actinomicetoma producido por N.Asteroides. Se destacan las diferencias pronosticas y terapeuticas con los eumicetoma, el origen laboral de esta afeccion en trabajadores rurales y los factores que retardan su diagnostico. La enfermedad mejoro parcialmente con la eritromicina y se logro una curacion total con sulfametoxazole-trimetropina. Debe tenerse presente la posible persistencia de granulos en los tejidos, por lo que debe recurrirse a la histopatologia y a la inmunofluorescencia directa de supuestas lesiones cicatrizadas antes de declarar curado al paciente

Efeitos do labetalol na resposta da pressão arterial ao esforço em pacientes hipertensos / Effects of labetalol on the response of arterial blood pressure to exercise in hypertensive patients

Nove pacientes do sexo feminino, portadores de hipertensao arterial primaria, com pressao diastolica entre 100 e 120mm Hg, foram submetidos a tratamento da pressao arterial com labetalol (bloqueador alfa e beta). Em todos, a pressao diastolica tornou-se menor que 95 mm Hg. Foram comparadas as respostas tensionais e a frequencia cardiaca apos exercicio em cicloergometro, antes e depois do tratamento. Houve diminuicao significativa da pressao sistolica em repouso como em todos os estagios do exercicio, apos o uso do medicamento. Conclue-se que o labetalol demonstrou, ao exercicio, acao "hipotensora" satisfatoria nas doses utilizadas para controle da hipertensao em repouso