RESUMO
The M-ganglion cell distribution was studied in the retinae of New World monkeys, the diurnal Cebus and the nocturnal Aotus. Retinal whole mounts were stained by the neurofibrillar method of Gros-Schultze. The M-ganglion cell distribution in the Cebus and Aotus is similar to that reported for Old World primates, such as the Macaca. The M-ganglion cell density peak occurs in the foveal slope and declines towards the periphery. There is a nasotemporal asymmetry: in the Cebus retina the M-ganglion cell density is 1.2-4.3 times higher in the nasal when compared to the temporal region at the equivalent eccentricities; in the Aotus, the nasotemporal asymmetry is smaller, 1.6-2.2 higher in the nasal region. We compared the M-ganglion cell density with previously published values for the density of the total population of ganglion cells and observed a larger proportion of M-ganglion cells in the Aotus, when compared with Cebus or Macaca