Evolution of the occurrence of Tityus serrulatus (LUTZ & MELLO, 1992) in the state of Santa Catarina

ABSTRACT Background: Scorpions are a leading cause of envenomation in Brazil. The species Tityus serrulatus is associated with the most severe cases, especially in children. Despite not being endemic to the state of Santa Catarina, such occurrences have increased more than 500% in the state recently. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the occurrence of envenomation by T. serrulatus, attended by the Center for Toxicological Information and Assistance of Santa Catarina. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of the occurrence of T. serrulatus, identified by the agency, from 2014 to 2021 in Santa Catarina, using data obtained by the BI-DATATOX system. Results: A total of 112 occurrences were classified as envenomation. Of these cases, 48.2% were recorded in the Itajaí Valley region and 33% in Greater Florianópolis. Men were involved in 59.8% of these, and the most common age group was 20-39 years (39.3%). Most envenomation occurred in urban areas (89.3%) under non-occupational circumstances (83%). Stings were more frequent on the hands (50.9%). Care was sought within 1 h after the event in 75.9% of the cases, and 94.6% were classified as mild. Conclusions: Occurrence of envenomation involving T. serrulatus in Santa Catarina increased significantly during the study period. Most cases occurred in urbanized areas, which suggests that they might have been transported from other states, and it must be considered that, in the urban environment, scorpions find a large supply of food and shelter and a reduced number of specific predators, allied to parthenogenesis.

Changes in the prevalence, incidence and residual risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus in Southern Brazilian blood donors since the implementation of NAT screening

Introduction Previous studies have shown high residual risk of transfusing a blood donation contaminated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Brazil and motivated the development of a Brazilian platform for simultaneous detection of both viruses by nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) denominated HIV/HCV Bio-Manguinhos/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). The objective of this study was to verify seroprevalence, incidence and residual risk for both viruses before and after the implementation of NAT. Methods Over 700,000 blood samples from all blood banks in the southern Brazilian State of Santa Catarina were analyzed during the period between January 2007 and July 2013. Results Compared with the period preceding the NAT screening, HIV prevalence increased from 1.38 to 1.58 per 1,000 donors, HIV incidence rate increased from 1.22 to 1.35 per 1,000 donor-years, and HIV residual risk dropped almost 2.5 times during the NAT period. For HCV, seroprevalence increased from 1.22 to 1.35 per 1,000 donors, incidence dropped from 0.12 to 0.06 per 1,000 donor-years, and residual risk decreased more than 3 times after the NAT implementation. Conclusions NAT reduced the duration of the immunologic window for HIV and HCV, thus corresponding to approximately 2.5- and 3-fold respective residual risk reductions. .

Syphilis seroprevalence estimates of Santa Catarina blood donors in 2010

Introduction Knowledge of blood donor characteristics is essential to better guide clinical and serological screening for hemotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine the syphilis seroprevalence and the associated factors of blood donors in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods This population-based study from the State of Santa Catarina used information obtained from blood donation records. We analyzed 83,396 blood donor records generated from donors who were considered eligible to donate between January and August 2010. The aim of the study was to estimate the syphilis seroprevalence and its relationship with educational level, age, gender, geographical region and having donated blood in the past 12 months. We used descriptive analyses and a Poisson regression to calculate the prevalence ratios for the variables of interest. Results We found a 0.14% overall seroprevalence and significant differences among the following: first-time blood donors (0.19%) versus repeat donors (0.03% to 0.08%); low educational levels (0.30%) versus medium and high educational levels (0.08% to 0.19%); and donors who did not report their residence (0.88%) or age (6.94%) versus those who did. Increased syphilis seroprevalence was also significantly associated with increased age. Conclusion High syphilis seroprevalence was associated with lower educational level, age, first-time donation and the failure to provide age or residence information. .

Efetividade das vacinas anti-VHB (DNA-recombinante) em doadores de sangue de uma região endêmica para hepatite B no sul do Brasil / Effectiveness of recombinant DNA vaccines against hepatitis B in blood donors in an endemic region of South Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi de estimar a efetividade das vacinas anti-VHB em um estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo composto por 1.012 doadores de sangue que completaram o esquema padrão de vacinação (três doses, incluindo doses de reforço nos doadores com títulos de anti-HBs <10UI/L) durante o período entre 1998 e 2002. Os resultados mostram que a taxa de soroconversão foi significativamente menor nos doadores cujo título de anti-HBs foi mensurado após seis meses decorridos do término do esquema de vacinação e nos doadores com mais de 50 anos. A efetividade média correspondeu a 88,7 por cento, variando de 80,6 por cento nos com maior idade (50 anos ou mais) a 91,4 por cento nos doadores mais jovens (18 a 30 anos). O regime de dose de reforço foi efetivo, principalmente por reduzir o percentual de não-respondedores. Conclui-se que a efetividade da vacina foi significativamente maior nos doadores mais jovens e que o tempo decorrido entre a vacinação e a testagem interferiu na taxa de soroconversão.

The objective of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of DNA recombinant anti-HBV vaccines in a retrospective cohort study of 1,012 Brazilian blood donors who completed the vaccination schedule (3 doses + booster of antibody titer <10IU/L) during the period 1998-2002. The results showed that seroconversion rates were significantly lower among the donors whose antibody titers was measured six months after completing the vaccination scheme and among older donors, particularly those aged over 50. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 88.7 percent, ranging from 80.6 percent in the oldest (50 years or over) to 91.4 percent among the youngest (18-30 years) donors. The booster regimen was effective at reducing the percentage of non-responders. We conclude that vaccine effectiveness was significantly better in younger blood donors and that the anti-HBs testing interval influenced the vaccine effectiveness.

Erosäo dental: estudo "in vitro" da erosäo causada por refrigerantes e suco de limäo no esmalte de dentes decíduos humanos: análises bioquímicas / Dental erosion: \"in vitro\" study of erosion caused by soft drinks and lemon juice on the enamel deciduous teeth: biochemical analysis

A erosäo dental provocada "in vitro" pelo suco de limäo e por refrigerantes do tipo Cola e Guaraná sobre o esmalte de dentes decíduos humanos, foi analisada sob parâmetros bioquímicos. Períodos de incubaçäo variáveis de 15 e 45 minutos e de 3, 6, 9, e 12 horas foram utilizados. As análises bioquímicas dos produtos testados para incubaçäo dos dentes decíduos incluíram a determinaçäo de seus pHs, a espectrofotometria de absorçäo atômica para determinaçäo das concentraçöes de cálcio e a Colorimetria de Fiske & Subbarow para determinaçäo das concentraçöes do fosfato inorgânico, íons estes liberados a partir da dissoluçäo da hidroxiapatita dental humana. Os pHs médios dos produtos foram respectivamente 2,50, 2,60 e 3,30, para o suco de limäo, refrigerante tipo Cola e Guaraná. A acidez demonstrada pelos produtos näo foi modificada pela incubaçäo dos dentes. Todos os produtos testados demonstraram ser potencialmente erosivos, sendo que o suco de limäo causou as maiores perdas de cálcio e fosfato inorgânico pelos dentes incubados, seguido pelo refrigerante tipo Cola e pelo Guaraná. Foi observada uma relaçäo direta entre o aumento do tempo de incubaçäo dos dentes e a perda iônica sofrida pelos mesmos. Näo foi encontrada uma relaçäo de proporcionalidade entre os íons cálcio e fosfato inorgânico perdidos