Intervenção nutricional sobre medidas antropométricas, percentual de gordura corporal e parâmetros bioquímicos / Nutritional intervention on anthropometric, percentage of body fat and biochemical parameters

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da intervenção nutricional sobre medidas antropométricas, percentual de gordura corporal (%G) e parâmetros bioquímicos de pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, atendidos em uma Clínica de Nutrição do município de Passos, MG. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção realizado com pacientes que procuraram o Centro de Atendimento Nutricional (CAN) da Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, unidade de Passos, e possuíam desvios nutricionais. Como instrumento de medida, utilizou-se a anamnese alimentar ou história dietética. Analisou- se, antes e após a intervenção nutricional, peso, índice de massa corporal, %G, circunferência abdominal, triglicérides, colesterol total e glicose de jejum. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e o teste T Student pareado. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Participaram do estudo 19 indivíduos, com média de idade de 35±17 anos, sendo 84% do sexo feminino. Resultados: Verificou-se redução significativa no %G (t=2,469; p=0,024), triglicérides (t=2,551; p=0,020) e colesterol total (t=2,526; p=0,021) após a intervenção nutricional. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a intervenção nutricional contribuiu para a redução do %G, dos parâmetros bioquí- micos e para qualidade de vida dos pacientes.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention on anthropometric measure- ments, body fat and biochemical parameters of patients, older than 18 years-old, attended in a Nutrition Clinic in Passos (Minas Gerais). Methods: This is an intervention study of patients who sought the Service Center Nutrition at the State University of Minas Gerais, Passos unit, and had nutritional problems. The measurement instrument was used food history or diet history analyzed before and after nutritional intervention, weight, body mass index, %G, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting glucose. A descriptive statistical analysis and paired Student T test. The study included 19 subjects with a mean age of 35±17 years, 84% female. Results: It was found significant reduction in% body fat, triglycerides and total cholesterol after nutritional intervention. Conclusions: The results suggest that dietary intervention contributed to the reduction in body fat C, biochemical parameters and quality of life of patients.(AU)

Incidência de transmissão vertical do HIV entre gestantes soropositivas cadastradas em um serviço de referência regional / Incidencia de transmisión vertical del VIH entre las gestantes seropositivas registradas en un servicio de referencia regional / Incidence of HIV vertical transmission among HIV-positive pregnant women treated at a regional reference service

surveying and to characterizing the incidence of HIV vertical transmission, from 2004 to 2013, among pregnant women accompanied by a referral service in STD, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis in the countryside of Minas Gerais. Method: it is a quantitative descriptive study. Data were obtained from the medical records of women infected by HIV registered in the unit. For analysis, there was used the simple descriptive statistics. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Higher Education Foundation of Passos (FESP), with CAAE: 28399314.8.0000.5112. Results: of the 33 pregnancies treated at the service, 60,6% (20) knew the diagnosis before pregnancy and 39,4% (13) of them obtained it during the prenatal period. In the first group there was no vertical transmission, while in the second group, there was one case, 8%. Conclusion: it is recommended that pregnant women do the test still in the first three months of pregnancy, because late diagnosis makes difficult doing prophylaxis...

levantar e caracterizar a incidência de transmissão vertical do HIV, no período de 2004 a 2013, entre gestantes acompanhadas por serviço de referência em DST, HIV/AIDS e Hepatites Virais no interior de Minas Gerais. Método: estudo quantitativo descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos em prontuários de mulheres soropositivas para o HIV. Para análise utilizou-se a estatística descritiva simples. Aprovado pela Comissão de Ética em Pesquisa da Fundação de Ensino Superior de Passos (FESP), com CAAE: 28399314.8.0000.5112. Resultados: das 33 gestações acompanhadas no serviço, 60,6% (20) conheciam o diagnóstico antes da gravidez e 39,4% (13) o obtiveram durante o pré-natal. No primeiro grupo não houve transmissão vertical, enquanto que no segundo houve um caso, 8%. Conclusão: recomenda-se realização de teste ainda no primeiro trimestre gestacional, pois o diagnóstico tardio dificulta a profilaxia...

conocer y caracterizar la incidencia de la transmisión vertical del VIH, en el período 2004-2013, entre mujeres embarazadas acompañadas en un servicio de referencia de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, VIH/SIDA y la hepatitis viral en Minas Gerais. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo. Los datos se obtuvieron de los registros médicos de mujeres infectadas por el VIH registradas en la unidad. Para el análisis, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva simple. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Fundación de la Educación Superior de Passos (FESP), CAEE: 28399314.8.0000.5112. Resultados: de las 33 gestaciones atendidas en el servicio, el 60,6% (20) fueron de mujeres que conocían el diagnóstico antes del embarazo y el 39,4% (13) de mujeres que sólo lo obtuvieron durante el período prenatal. En el primer grupo no hubo ninguna transmisión vertical, mientras que en el segundo hubo un caso, 8%. Conclusión: se recomienda la prueba en el primer trimestre del embarazo, ya que el diagnóstico tardío dificulta el profilaxis...

Prima-1 induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines by activating p53

OBJECTIVES: Bladder cancer represents 3% of all carcinomas in the Brazilian population and ranks second in incidence among urological tumors, after prostate cancer. The loss of p53 function is the main genetic alteration related to the development of high-grade muscle-invasive disease. Prima-1 is a small molecule that restores tumor suppressor function to mutant p53 and induces cancer cell death in various cancer types. Our aim was to investigate the ability of Prima-1 to induce apoptosis after DNA damage in bladder cancer cell lines. METHOD: The therapeutic effect of Prima-1 was studied in two bladder cancer cell lines: T24, which is characterized by a p53 mutation, and RT4, which is the wild-type for the p53 gene. Morphological features of apoptosis induced by p53, including mitochondrial membrane potential changes and the expression of thirteen genes involved in apoptosis, were assessed by microscopic observation and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Prima-1 was able to reactivate p53 function in the T24 (p53 mt) bladder cancer cell line and promote apoptosis via the induction of Bax and Puma expression, activation of the caspase cascade and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane in a BAK-independent manner. CONCLUSION: Prima-1 is able to restore the transcriptional activity of p53. Experimental studies in vivo may be conducted to test this molecule as a new therapeutic agent for urothelial carcinomas of the bladder, which characteristically harbor p53 mutations.

Underexpression of MMP-2 and its regulators, TIMP2, MT1-MMP and IL-8, is associated with prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: Extracellular matrix homeostasis is strictly maintained by a coordinated balance between the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulators. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether MMP-2 and its specific regulators, TIMP-2, MT1-MMP and IL-8, are expressed in a reproducible, specific pattern and if the profiles are related to prognosis and clinical outcome of prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MMP-2, TIMP-2, MT1-MMP and IL-8 expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in freshly frozen malignant and benign tissue specimens collected from 79 patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomies. The control group consisted of 11 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). The expression profile of the MMP-2 and its regulators were compared using Gleason scores, pathological stage, pre-operative PSA levels and the final outcome of the PCa. RESULTS: The analysis of 79 specimens of PCa revealed that MMP-2, TIMP-2, MT1-MMP and IL-8 were underexpressed at 60.0%, 72.2%, 62.0% and 65.8%, respectively, in malignant prostatic tissue in relation to BPH samples. Considering the prognostic parameters, we demonstrated that high Gleason score tumors (> 7) overexpressed MMP-2 (p = 0.048) and TIMP-2 (p = 0.021), compared to low Gleason score tumors (< 7). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that MMP-2 and its regulators are underexpressed in PCa. Alternatively, overexpression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was related to higher Gleason score tumors. We postulate that alterations in metalloproteinase expression may be important in the control of tissue homeostasis related to prostate carcinogenesis and tumor behavior.

Análise do efeito do Prima-1 na expressão dos genes envolvidos na morte celular programada em linhagens de câncer de bexiga / Analysis of the effect of Prima-1 in the expression of genes involved in programmed cell death in bladder cancer cell lines

Introdução: O carcinoma urotelial de bexiga (CUB) é o segundo tumor mais frequente do trato urinário. A perda da função do p53 é a alteração mais conhecida do carcinoma urotelial de alto grau invasivo. Prima-1 é uma pequena molécula, a qual restaura a função do p53 mutado promovendo a morte celular em vários tipos celulares. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi analisar o efeito do Prima-1 na indução da apoptose mediada por p53 após indução do dano ao DNA em linhagens de CUB. Material e métodos: O mecanismo de ação do Prima-1 foi avaliado em duas linhagens celulares de câncer de bexiga, T24 que tem como característica a mutação do p53 e RT4 que possui p53 intacto. Características morfológicas da apoptose, alterações no potencial de membrana mitocondrial e análise da expressão de treze genes envolvidos na apoptose mediada por p53 foram avaliados através de observação microscópica e reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real quantitativa (qRT-PCR). Resultados: Prima-1 foi capaz de reativar a função da P53 na linhagem de câncer de bexiga com p53 mt, promovendo a apoptose através da expressão de Bax e Puma, ativação da cascata das caspases e ruptura da membrana mitocondrial, independente de Bax, na linhagem celular T24 (p53 mt). Conclusão: Prima-1 foi capaz de restaurar a atividade transcricional de p53. Estudos experimentais in vivo poderiam ser conduzidos no intuito de testar essa molécula como um novo agente terapêutico do CUB de alto grau, invasivo, que apresenta caracteristicamente mutação de p53...

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common tumor of the urinary tract. Loss of p53 function is the main genetic alteration related to the development of high-grade muscle-invasive disease. Prima-1 is a small molecule that restores tumor suppressor function to mutant p53 and induces cell death in various cancer types. Our aim is to investigate the ability of Prima-1 to induce apoptosis after DNA damage in BC cancer cell lines. Material and Methods: The therapeutic effect of Prima-1 was studied in two BC cell lines, T24, characterized by p53 mutation, and RT4, with no mutation in the p53 gene. Morphological features of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential changes and expression of thirteen genes involved in p53-induced apoptosis were assessed by microscopic observation and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) Results: Prima-1 is able to reactivate P53 function in p53-mutated bladder cancer cell line promote apoptosis through the induction of Bax and Puma expression, activating the caspase cascade and disruption of mitochondrial membrane, independent of Bak, in T24 cell line (p53 mt). Conclusion: Prima-1 is able to restore the transcriptional activity of p53. Experimental studies in vivo could be conducted in order to test this molecule as a new therapeutic agent of the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, which characteristically presents p53 mutation...

Curcumin, but not Prima-1, decreased tumor cell proliferation in the syngeneic murine orthotopic bladder tumor model

OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for bladder cancer development. Among the mediators of this effect of smoking is nuclear factor-kappa B. Curcumin suppresses cellular transformation by downregulating the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. Prima-1 is a compound that induces apoptosis in human tumor cells, restoring the function of mutant p53. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin and prima-1 in an animal model of bladder cancer. METHODS: Tumor implantation was achieved in six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice by introducing MB49 bladder cancer cells into the bladder. Intravesical treatment with curcumin and Prima-1 was performed on days 2, 6, 10, and 14. On day 15, the animals were sacrificed. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of cyclin D1, Cox-2, and p21. Cell proliferation was examined using PCNA. RESULTS: Animals treated with curcumin exhibited a higher degree of necrosis than animals in other groups. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced expression of cyclin D1 in the curcumin-treated group. All of the cells in mice treated with curcumin were p21 positive, suggesting that the p53 pathway is induced by this compound. Prima-1 did not induce any change in tumor size, necrosis, cell proliferation, or the expression of proteins related to the p53 pathway in this animal model. CONCLUSION: Curcumin showed activity in this animal bladder cancer model and probably acted via the regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and p53. Therefore, curcumin is a good choice for the use in clinical trials to treat superficial bladder cancer as an alternative to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. In contrast, Prima-1 does not seem to have an effect on bladder cancer.

An evaluation of the anti-neoplastic activity of curcumin in prostate cancer cell lines

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to investigate the anti-neoplastic effect of curcumin in prostate cancer cell lines. Specifically, we are using the LNCaP cell line and another prostate cell line developed in our laboratory, PcBra1. The PcBra1 cells were derived from a localized, obstructive prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 9 (4+5). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prostate cancer cell line was isolated from a localized, obstructive prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 9 (4+5), and it was characterized using immunohistochemistry. After six passages, the new cell line was treated with varying doses of curcumin: 10 µM, 25 µM or 50 µM. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V FITC. For comparison, the same experiment was performed using the well-established metastatic prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. RESULTS: Increasing concentrations of curcumin promoted more apoptosis in the PcBra1 cells. Exposure to 10 and 25 µM curcumin induced apoptosis in 31.9 percent and 52.2 percent of cells, respectively. Late apoptosis was induced in 37 percent of cells after treatment with 10 µM curcumin and 35 percent of cells with a 25 µM treatment. Necrosis accounted for less than 10 percent of the death in these cells at those two concentrations. When curcumin was used at 50 µM, apoptosis was observed in 64.3 percent of the cells. Including late apoptosis and necrosis, 98.6 percent of the cells died in response to 50 µM curcumin. Results with the LNCaP cells were similar although late apoptosis was the main phenomenon at 25 µM. CONCLUSION: We have shown that curcumin acts on localized prostate cancer to induce apoptosis and may therefore be an option as a future therapeutic agent.