RESUMO
Background@#The aim of this study was to compare the local anesthetic effect of tramadol with that of lignocaine in the extraction of immobile (grade 0) maxillary first molars. @*Methods@#This was a randomized, double-blind, equally balanced, controlled trial conducted on a sample population of 116 patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (control) and group B (study).Group A and group B participants received 1.8 ml of 2% lignocaine without adrenaline and 1.8 ml of 5% tramadol, respectively through the supra-periosteal infiltration technique before extraction. Intraoperative pain was recorded on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and was evaluated using two unpaired t-tests. @*Results@#Intraoperative pain was evaluated in both the control and study groups. In the control group, the mean VAS score was 0.71 ± 0.81, while in the study group, the mean intraoperative VAS score was 1.21 ± 0.86, with the difference between the two mean values being statistically significant (P = 0.001). @*Conclusion@#Tramadol has a less potent local anesthetic effect than lignocaine. As a higher dose of tramadol is required to obtain the desired anesthetic effect, it should be used as a supplement to lignocaine in extensive surgical procedures. It can also be used in patients allergic to lignocaine.
RESUMO
Background@#The aim of this study was to compare the local anesthetic effect of tramadol with that of lignocaine in the extraction of immobile (grade 0) maxillary first molars. @*Methods@#This was a randomized, double-blind, equally balanced, controlled trial conducted on a sample population of 116 patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (control) and group B (study).Group A and group B participants received 1.8 ml of 2% lignocaine without adrenaline and 1.8 ml of 5% tramadol, respectively through the supra-periosteal infiltration technique before extraction. Intraoperative pain was recorded on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and was evaluated using two unpaired t-tests. @*Results@#Intraoperative pain was evaluated in both the control and study groups. In the control group, the mean VAS score was 0.71 ± 0.81, while in the study group, the mean intraoperative VAS score was 1.21 ± 0.86, with the difference between the two mean values being statistically significant (P = 0.001). @*Conclusion@#Tramadol has a less potent local anesthetic effect than lignocaine. As a higher dose of tramadol is required to obtain the desired anesthetic effect, it should be used as a supplement to lignocaine in extensive surgical procedures. It can also be used in patients allergic to lignocaine.
RESUMO
Myiasis the feeding of fly larvae on living mammals, may have various clinical presentations depending on the tissues or organs involved. Myiasis is a common travel associated skin disorder as a consequence of short visits to developing countries. It is the fourth most common travel associated disease. The most common clinical manifestations of fly larvae infestation include inflammatory and allergic reactions. Ear, eye and respiratory tract infestations are not uncommon and the human botfly Dermatobia hominis is the most recognised causative organism. We present an unusual case report of a myiasis in the upper lip of a patient admitted under the maxillofacial team at South Manchester Hospital