Un índice neutrófilo/linfocito elevado se asocia a peor pronóstico en cancer de colon etapa II resecado / An elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is associated with poor prognosis in stage II resected colon cancer

Background: The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is an effective marker of inflammation ana can have prognostic value in surgical patients. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on perioperative complications ana overall ana disease-free survival in patients undergoing elective resection for stage II colon cancer. Material and Methods: Data was obtained from clinical charts, preoperative blood results and hospital records of all patients undergoing an elective curative resection for colon cancer, between 2000 and 2007. Preoperative NLR was calculated. Follow-up was obtained from a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database, clinical records and questionnaires. Uni and multivariable analysis were performed to identify associations, and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: One hundred twenty two patients with a mean age of69years (52% males), were evaluated. Median follow-up was 73 months, and overall survival for 1 and 5years was 95% and 68%, respectively. On a multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, sex, tumor depth invasion, use of adjuvant therapies and American Society of Anesthesiology preoperative risk score, an NLR > 5 was associated with an increased perioperative complication rate (odds ratio: 3,06, p = 0,033). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a worse overall and disease-free survival for patients with NLR greater than five. Conclusions: A preoperative NLR of five or more is associated with greater perioperative morbidity and worse oncological outcomes in patients undergoing resection for elective stage II colon cancer.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis hepáticas por cáncer colorrectal / Outcome of surgical treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer

Background: Surgical resection is the only treatment associated with long-term cure in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, achieving a 30% to 40% five years survival. Aim: To evaluate the results of liver resection for metastatic colorectalcancer in our centre. Patients and methods: Retrospective study. Epidemiological, perioperative and follow up data of patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic colorectalcancer between January 1990 and July 2007 were assessed. We compared the results between two periods; period 1 (1990-1997) and period 2 (1998-2007). Results: Sixty six patients aged61±12 years (46 males) underwent 75 resections. An anatomical excision was performed in 54 (72%) cases, a right hepatectomy in 18, an extended right hepatectomy in 11, a left hepatectomy in 1, and a segmentectomy in 24. In 24 (32%) patients the liver resection wassimultaneous with the colorectal cancer resection. Operative time was 221±86 min. Hospital stay was 11±5 days. Postoperative morbidity was 35% and surgical mortality was 0%. Resectionmargin was free of tumor in 53 (80%) patients. Five years overall and hepatic disease-free survival was 38% and 23%, respectively. In period 2, more anatomical resections than in period1 were performed (77% and 55%, respectively, p =0.04), without an increase in complications (35% and 34%, respectively; p =ns), but with a better five years survival (45% and 21%, respectively, p =0.04). Conclusions: Five years survival for excision of liver metastatic colorectal cancer in our center is similar to that reported abroad. During the second period there has been a trend toward more extensive resections which was associated with a better survival, without an increase in complications or mortality.

Resultados de la cirugía laparoscópica en el tratamiento electivo de la enfermedad diverticular de colon / Results of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of diverticular disease of the colon

The laparoscopic approach is an alternative for the elective treatment of diverticular colon disease (DCD). Aim: To analyze the results of patients electively operated for DCD using a laparoscopic technique. Material and Methods: Data of patients with DCD operated using laparoscopy at the Catholic University of Chile Clinical Hospital were prospectively recorded from January 1999 to August 2006. Indications for surgery were repetitive crises of acute diverticulitis, the persistence of the symptoms or anatomic deformity after the first crisis and complicated diverticulitis (Hinchey 1-2) that responded to the medical treatment. The laparoscopic technique used five ports and the surgical specimen was extracted through a suprapubic approach. Results: One hundred and six patients aged 32 to 82 years (49 percent females) were operated in the study period. Fifty five percent had a previous abdominal surgery. The mean operative time was 213 minutes (range: 135-360). Four patients were converted to open surgery (3.7 percent). One or more early post-operative complications were observed in five patients (4.7 percent). The mean time for passing gases and reinitiate liquid diet was 1.7 and 2.4 days respectively. The median post operative stay after surgery was 4 days. There was no operative mortality. Mean follow-up time was 27 months and only one patient (0.9 percent) had a new episode of acute diverticular disease, with a satisfactory response to medical treatment. No patient has developed bowel obstruction. Conclusions: The laparoscopic approach is a safe alternative in the elective surgical treatment of DCD.

Resultados preliminares de la cirugía laparoscópica del cáncer colorrectal / Laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer

Han pasado 15 años desde la primera publicación de una cirugía laparoscópica por cáncer colorrectal (CLCC) y finalmente parece ser que la evidencia la apoya, e incluso para algunos autores es indiscutible que se obtendrían mejores resultados. En nuestra institución, el año 1998 se dio inicio a un protocolo en cirugía laparoscópica de colon, para abordar los casos oncológicos en forma progresiva y de acuerdo al avance en la curva de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados inmediatos y la seguridad de la resección oncológica en pacientes sometidos a una CLCC. Material y Método: Este es un trabajo prospectivo que incluye a todos los pacientes operados por cáncer colorrectal en el marco de un protocolo de desarrollo de la cirugía laparoscópica. Resultados: Entre septiembre de 1998 y agosto de 2004 se efectuaron 131 cirugías laparoscópicas colorrectales; en 32 (24 por ciento) de ellos el motivo de la intervención fue un cáncer colorrectal. La edad promedio fue 64 años (i: 26-88) y el 47 por ciento correspondió al sexo femenino. El tumor se encontraba localizado en el recto en 9 pacientes y en los 23 restantes en el colon (derecho 6, izquierdo 7 y sigmoides 10). La resección del tumor fue realizada con intención curativa en 29 pacientes. Las operaciones practicadas fueron: resección de colon sigmoides en 10 pacientes, hemicolectomía izquierda en 7, hemicolectomía derecha en 6, resección anterior baja en 4, resección abdóminoperineal en 3 y proctocolectomía más reservorio ileal en 2 pacientes. En 4 pacientes fue necesario convertir a cirugía convencional (12 por ciento) por dificultad anatómica. Una o más complicaciones se observaron en 8 pacientes (morbilidad de 25 por ciento) y un paciente fallece en la serie. El promedio de ganglios recuperados en la pieza operatoria fue 23 (4-86) y en ningún paciente se observó un margen microscópico positivo. De acuerdo a la etapificación TNM, los pacientes fueron clasificados como etapa I, II, III y IV el 31 por ciento, 28 por ciento, 28 por ciento y 13 por ciento respectivamente. La mediana del restablecimiento del tránsito a gases, realimentación con sólidos y estadía hospitalaria fue 2 días, 3 días y 5 días. Todos los pacientes han acudidos a controles postoperatorios regulares (promedio de seguimiento 16.4 meses) sin observar implantes en sitios de trocares en ninguno de ellos. No se ha observado progresión tumoral en ninguno de los pacientes etapa I y II...

Traumatismo rectoperineal por succión / Rectoperineal trauma by suction

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino de 18 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos de importancia, que sufre traumatismo de la región rectoperitoneal al ser succionada por filtro de piscina. Ingresa al servicio de urgencia, en shock hipovolémico, con gran herida contusa de región perineal a través de la cual se exteriorizan asas de intestino delgado. A los 30 minutos de su ingreso es llevada a pabellón practicando: 1) resección intestinal de yeyuno e íleon a anastomosis terminoterminal; 2) aseo perineal y hemostasia; 3) resección del segmento rectal, que presentaba amplia dislaceración de la pared anterior a través de la cual se evisceró el intestino delgado; 4) desfuncionalización tipo Hartmann; 5) colporrafía. Al 5§ día de postoperatorio nueva cirugía para completar aseo perineal y perineoplastia. No se presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias y es dada de alta a los 21 días de su ingreso. Rehospitalización a los 4 meses para reconstitución del tránsito sin complicaciones postoperatorias