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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 20(4): 358-363, dic 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1150724

RESUMO

Introducción: El riesgo de infección tuberculosa se asocia a contacto estrecho y prolongado. En las escuelas el contacto diario, aulas con poca ventilación o retraso diagnóstico del caso índice, podrían contribuir al contagio. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia de infección tuberculosa latente (ITBL) en contactos escolares comparando dos puntos de corte en la prueba de tuberculina (PPD): ≥ 10 mm y ≥ 5 mm. Determinar el grado de cumplimiento en la realización de estudios de catastro y de quimioprofilaxis (QP). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó el análisis retrospectivo de contactos escolares de TB bacilífera, en adolescentes de 12 a 19 años, correspondientes al área programática del Hospital Parmenio Piñero entre febrero 2016 a diciembre 2017. La evaluación incluyó radiografía de tórax (RxT), laboratorio y PPD. Se analizaron 2 puntos de corte de PPD: ≥ 10mm y ≥ 5mm, repitiéndose a los 3 meses en aquellos con resultado negativo. Se indicó QP primaria con isoniazida a todos los contactos, y secundaria en aquellos con PPD+ basal o conversores al tercer mes. Se estimó cumplimiento de QP si tomaban > 80% de la pauta indicada. Resultados: de 373 estudiantes a evaluar, 331 (89%) realizaron los estudios, se diagnosticó TB en 4 (1.2%) a partir de RxT y fueron excluidos. En los 327 restantes, edad promedio 15 ± 1,6 años, hubo 132 (40%) hombres. La PPD basal fue ≥ 10 mm en 20 (6.1%) casos, siendo más frecuente en el grupo de 16-19 años vs 12-15 años: 10.7% vs 3.1%; p = 0,004. No hubo diferencia significativa al considerar el sexo. Realizaron 135 (45%) la segunda PPD encontrándose 3 conversiones (2.2%). Se indicó QP primaria a todos y secundaria a 23, el cumplimiento fue 57% y 26% respectivamente, sin asociación significativa con edad o sexo. Se reportaron 4 eventos adversos (1.2%): polineuritis (n = 2), alergia cutánea e intolerancia digestiva. Con PPD ≥ 5mm dieron positivo 63 (19.3%), siendo más frecuente en varones: 26.5% vs 14.4%, p = 0.006; y en 16-19 vs 12-15 años: 28.2% vs 13.2%; p < 0.001. Con la segunda PPD se observaron 3 conversiones (2,2%). Conclusión: Encontramos un 6,1% de ITBL considerando PPD+ ≥ 10 mm y 19,3% con PPD ≥ 5 mm. El cumplimiento en la realización de la segunda PPD fue bajo, como también en completar el esquema de QP secundaria.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Tuberculose , Teste Tuberculínico , Adolescente , Tuberculose Latente
2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 20(4): 364-369, dic 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1150725

RESUMO

Introduction: The risk of tuberculosis infection is associated with close and prolonged contact. Daily contact, poorly ventilated classrooms or delay in diagnosing the index case in a school setting could contribute to contagion. Objective: To know the incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in school contacts comparing two cut-off points of the tuberculin test (PPD, Purified Protein Derivative): ≥ 10mm and ≥ 5mm. To determine the degree of compliance with the performance of control and chemoprophylaxis (ChP) studies. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of bacillary TB school contacts in teenagers between 12 and 19 years old of the Programmatic Area of the Hospital Parmenio Piñero between February 2016 and December 2017. The evaluation included chest x-ray, lab tests and PPD. We analyzed 2 cut-off points of the PPD: ≥ 10mm and ≥ 5mm, and repeated the test after 3 months in cases with negative results. Primary ChP with isoniazid was indicated for all the contacts, and secondary ChP for those with basal PPD+ or conversion at the third month. We considered ChP compliance in cases where patients followed > 80% of the indicated regime. Results: 331 (89%) of 373 students to be evaluated participated in the study. TB was diagnosed in 4 students (1.2%) through chest x-ray, and they were excluded. Within the remaining 327, the mean age was 15 ± 1.6 years, and 132 (40%) were male. The basal PPD was ≥ 10mm in 20 cases (6.1%), being more frequent in the group of 16-19 years versus the 12-15 years: 10.7% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.004. There wasn't any significant difference regarding sex. 135 contacts (45%) did the second PPD, and 3 conversions were found (2.2%). Primary ChP was indicated for everyone, and secondary ChP for 23 contacts, with 75% and 26% compliance respectively, and without any significant association with age or sex. 4 adverse events were reported (1.2%): polineuritis (n=2), skin allergy and food intolerance. 63 contacts (19.3%) were positive PPD, with PPD ≥ 5mm, being more frequent in males: 26.5% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.006; and in 16-19 vs. 12-15 years: 28.2% vs. 13.2%; p < 0.001. With the second PPD we observed 3 conversions (2.2%). Conclusion: We found 6.1% of LTBI considering a PPD+ ≥ 10mm and 19.3% with PPD ≥ 5mm. Compliance with the second PPD and the secondary ChP scheme was low.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Tuberculose , Teste Tuberculínico , Adolescente , Tuberculose Latente
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