Sweet's syndrome associated with Crohn's disease

Abstract: Sweet's syndrome is an uncommon benign skin disorder, whose pathogenesis remains unknown. Its classic form is more common in women and presents itself as papular-nodular, painful and erythematous or violaceous lesions. It mainly affects the face, neck, and upper limbs. Fever and neutrophilic leukocytosis are also common features. Although it is considered a systemic disease marker in more than half of patients, the association of this condition with Crohn's disease is rare, with few cases reported in the literature, of which, none in Brazil. We report the case of a patient with Crohn's disease who developed the classical features of Sweet's syndrome.

Estudo Clínico e Molecular na Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne / Clinical and Molecular Study on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Fundamentos: A forma de Duchenne é a mais comum e grave das distrofias musculares. De herança recessivaligada ao cromossoma X, acomete meninos e afeta os músculos estriados e o miocárdio. Origina-se de mutaçõesno gene da distrofina, o maior gene humano com 79 éxons. Objetivos: Verificar as alterações cardíacas iniciais em pacientes pediátricos com distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) e realizar o estudo molecular das alterações no gene da distrofina. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo incluindo pacientes pediátricos portadores de DMD, com avaliação clínica, medição do nível sérico de creatinofosfoquinase, eletrocardiograma, ecoDopplercardiograma e eletrocardiografia dinâmica e genotipagem do DNA, com amplificação dos 18 éxons mais acometidos.Resultados: Foram estudados 11 meninos de 6-14 anos de idade. Não havia alterações importantes ao exameclínico cardiológico. Observou-se aumento da creatinofosfoquinase em todos os pacientes. O eletrocardiogramamostrou alterações precoces, com ondas R altas em V1 (n=7), bloqueio de ramo direito (n=2), ondas delta e PR curto (n=1) e distúrbio da repolarização ventricular (n=1). Em 4 pacientes, o ecocardiograma evidenciou sinaisde disfunção sistólica. O eletrocardiograma dinâmico (Holter) mostrou alteração em 4 pacientes: com muitas extrassístoles (n=3) e com síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (n=1). Todas as crianças recebiam corticoterapia. Não houve correlação significativa entre a deleção do éxon 52 e arritmias (p=0,43). O estudo molecular evidenciou deleção do éxon 52 nos 4 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada, sendo que em 2 havia deleção concomitante nos éxons 1 e 50, respectivamente. Nos outros 7 pacientes havia deleção nos éxons 48, 51, 52 e 57.Conclusões: O eletrocardiograma mostrou as primeiras alterações nos pacientes pediátricos com DMD. Nos casos com cardiomiopatia dilatada e arritmia, detectou-se deleção do éxon 52.

Background: Duchenne Dystrophy is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy. It has an X chromosome-linked recessiveinheritance and affects boys’ striated muscles and myocardium. It is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, the largest human gene, composed of 79 exons. Objectives: To check the early cardiac changes in pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and carry out the molecular study of changes in the dystrophin gene.Methods: Prospective study involving pediatric patients with DMD, with clinical assessment, measurement of serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, electrocardiogram, Doppler echocardiography and dynamic electrocardiography and DNA genotyping, with amplificationof the 18 most affected exons. Results: A group of 11 boys aged 6-14 years was studied. Clinical cardiological examination did not reveal any major changes. An increase in creatinine phosphokinase was detected in all patients. Electrocardiogram showed early changes, with high R waves in V1 (n=7) right bundle branch block (n=2), delta waves and short PR interval (n=1), and signs of disturbance of ventricular repolarization (n=1). Echocardiogramshowed signs of systolic dysfunction. Dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter) showed changes in 4 patients: with many extrasystoles (n=3) andWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (n=1). All children received corticosteroid therapy. There was no significant correlation between exon52 deletion and arrhythmias (p=0.43). The molecular study revealed an exon 52 deletion in 4 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, of which2 had concomitant deletion of exons 1 and 50, respectively. Other 7 patients had deletions of exons 48, 51, 52 and 57. Conclusions: Electrocardiogram showed the first changes in pediatric patients with DMD. In cases with dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, the deletion of exon 52 was detected.