Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in solitary thyroid nodule

Objective: To determine the frequency of Thyroid Cancer in solitary nodules of thyroid

Study design: A Retrospective descriptive study

Place and duration: The study was conducted from 1[st] January, 2000 to 31[st] May, 2010 at SOMH [Fauji Foundation Hospital] Karachi and from 1[st] July, 2010 to 31[st] December, 2013 at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Karachi Campus

Methodology: One hundred and ninety consecutive cases of solitary thyroid nodule presented and operated were included in the study. Patients with multi-nodular goiters were not included in the study. Hemi thyroidectomy was done and if histopathology examination revealed carcinoma, then total thyroidectomy was followed. Results for frequency and percentages were calculated and analysed

Results: Out of Total 190 Cases, 61.58% were females and 38.42% were males. Important presenting symptoms were dysphagia [15.26%], palpitations [14.21%], rapid increase in size [13.68%], apart from the nodule [100%] in thyroid gland. Most of the cases were in 4[th] decade [35.26%], followed by 3[rd] decade [22.63%] of life. Most of the nodules were benign [91.57%] which included adenoma colloid goiter [42.94%] follicular adenoma [36.81%], simple cysts [18.40%]. Malignant nodules were 8.42%, which included papillary carcinoma [75%], follicular carcinoma [18.75%] and medullary carcinoma [6.25%]. No case of anaplastic carcinoma was found

Conclusion: Solitary thyroid nodules are mostly benign and malignant nodules are mostly well differentiated Carcinomas

Hollow abdominal visceral injuries following minimally invasive gynecological procedure: a 16 year experience

To study the pattern of hollow abdominal visceral injuries during minimally invasive gynecological procedures. Retrospective, Descriptive Study. This study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital Karachi, Gulshan General Hospital Karachi, Star General Hospital Karachi and Al-Tibri Medical College Hospital from July 1997 to December 2013. All patients admitted to above mentioned hospitals for minimally invasive gynecological procedures electively or in emergency were included in the study. Total 3050 minimally invasive gynecological procedures were carried out in the above mentioned hospitals and 77 [2.5 %] patients had complications following the procedures. Mean age was 28 years ranged from 20-55 years. 40 % patients had history of previous gynaecological surgery.Abdominal visceral injuries included small bowel perforation 30 [38.96 %] patients, sigmoid colon perforation 20 [25.97%] patients. Both small bowel and sigmoid colonic perforation 08 [10.38%] patients, Caecal perforation 01 [1.29 %] patient and Urinary Bladder 01 [1.29%] patient. 52 % cases were diagnosed within two days of primary surgery and rest within 10 days. All gynecologists must be skilled, vigilant and careful while doing minimally invasive gynecological procedures that visceral injury should not happen or ready to deal if it happens accidentally