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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint degenerative disorder. Pain is a dominant characteristic, becoming persistent and more limiting as the disease progresses, resulting in reduced physical function, quality-of-life. Magnesium deficiency is considered to be a major risk factor for osteoarthritis development and progression. Oral magnesium presents unique challenges for many individuals to effectively restore intracellular magnesium levels. Transdermal magnesium absorption could be more effective than oral absorption due to its greater absorption rate and presents fewer negative effects due to its gastrointestinal tract-bypassing nature. Method: Total 40 subjects with knee osteoarthritis were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either Group A (intervention) or Group B (conventional), each having 20 patients. Assessment of the outcome measures was done pre and post 8 sessions. Outcome measures used were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Timed up and go test (TUG), 9 Step stair climb test, Knee ROM, Quadriceps strength using pressure biofeedback. Group A was given conventional therapy along with Epsom salt foot soak and Magnesium oil application. Group B was given conventional therapy alone. Result: There was statistically significant improvement seen in all the outcome measures in intragroup analysis with p<0.05. Intergroup analysis showed statistically significant difference in VAS on activity, WOMAC, Knee ROM, Quadriceps strength with p <0.05 indicating Group A performed better than Group B.Conclusion: The study found that Magnesium when used as an adjunct to conventional therapy shows significant difference in pain levels, knee mobility, quadriceps strength and better functionality in activities of daily living.
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Background: Approximately 529,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes annually and almost 99% of these occur in developing nations. Even with decline, India still is one of the major contributors to maternal deaths in the world. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the causes, sociodemographic factors and level of delay influencing maternal mortality.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study based on all maternal deaths within 2.5 years from June 2020 to December 2022 in tertiary care center New Delhi was included. All deaths were assessed for sociodemographic risk factor and processed using descriptive statistics for various variables.Results: During the study 77 deaths were identified. 48 deaths were direct and 29 were indirect maternal deaths. Sepsis and infectious diseases were the leading cause of direct and indirect maternal death respectively. 47% women died at more than 34 weeks’ gestation.12 women died undelivered. 65 women who died in the postpartum period, caesarean section was performed in 32%. Of total deaths 53 women were unbooked and level 1 delay in 78% cases.Conclusions: Education and awareness of importance of antenatal care, diagnosis and management of anemia to be given prime importance. Institutional deliveries to be encouraged. Optimization of comorbid conditions in the preoperative period is quintessential.
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Background: Women who have experienced pre-eclampsia (PE) may also face additional health problems in later life, as the condition is associated with an increased risk of death from 2-fold increased risk of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, stroke, an approximate 5-12-fold increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Methods: Method was randomized controlled trial. Women with PE who delivered in PGIMER will be enrolled and will be allocated into experimental ad control group using a computer random table with allocation concealment. Enrolment will be done at the time of discharge; baseline assessment will be done 6 weeks and the intervention bundle will be implemented to the women in experimental group. The women in control group will receive routine care. Women in both the groups will be followed up at 6 months. Conclusions: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of “extended postpartum comprehensive health care bundle (EP CHC bundle)” on selected outcomes of women with preeclampsia at 6 months. The comprehensive health care bundle will be designed with the inputs from all stakeholders, has the potential to suit the dynamic nature of management of women with preeclampsia after delivery. CTRI registration number: CTRI/2021/04/032749 ON 12/4/2021
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Background: An effective labour analgesia improves maternal and perinatal outcome and improves the course of labour.Methods: This was a prospective, randomised study done to compare effectiveness and safety of intravenous infusion of paracetamol with tramadol when used for labour analgesia. Group A (25 parturients) received paracetamol 1000 mg and group B (25 parturients) received tramadol 1mg/Kg at 4 to 6 cm cervical dilatation. Visual analogue score for pain was assessed at the baseline, 1 hour and 3 hours of drug administration and was compared between the two groups along with various maternal and fetal outcomes.Results: The difference in mean Visual Analogue Score (VAS) just before the drug administration was not statistically significant. However, at 1 hour of drug administration, mean VAS was significantly lower in the Group A (4.60) in comparison to Group B (5.82). The mean VAS at 3 hours was slightly lower in group A (6.35) in comparison to group B (6.65), though statistically there was no significant difference. Nausea, vomiting and sedation were found to be more in the tramadol group as compared to paracetamol group. The mean 1 and 5 minute apgar scores were found to be comparable in both the groups.Conclusions: So, it can be concluded from our study that intravenous paracetamol may be preferred over intravenous tramadol as it is associated with better analgesic efficacy and less maternal side effects. Although both the drugs were found to have good neonatal outcome.
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ABSTRACT Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a malignant salivary gland neoplasm that presents as an indolent but aggressive neoplasm. AdCC histogenesis is linked to the intercalated ducts of the salivary glands, equally affecting the major and minor glands. AdCC is associated with distant metastasis, most commonly to the lungs, and a high recurrence rate. AdCC accounts for 4.2% of all tumors. About 55% of all reported cases affect the submandibular gland, and around 50% of AdCC cases occur in the minor salivary glands. The present review describes a case of AdCC which presented a single nodular swelling on the right side involving the floor of the mouth. It also consolidates the histopathological profile of a case of AdCC with all the relevant histopathological features.
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Background: Objective of the study was to determine the obstetrical outcome assessed as successful vaginal delivery by using ultrasonographically measured fetal head to perineal distance.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on 180 antenatal women fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra. Trans-perineal ultrasonography for measurement of fetal head to perineum distance was done. After the scan, vaginal examination was done under all aseptic precautions to assess the various components of Bishop score (cervical position, cervical length, consistency, dilatation, station). Induction of labour was given after reaffirming that there was no contraindication for induction of labour. Monitoring of labour was done according to World Health Organization (WHO) modified partograph and cardiotocograph. Outcome of induction was considered successful if it resulted in vaginal delivery. Sensitivity and specificity of Bishop score, cervical length and foetal head to perineal distance was calculated and compared.Results: It was observed that predictability of fetal head to perineum distance measured using trans-perineal ultrasound was higher in all aspects compared to Bishop抯 score and cervical length.Conclusions: The foetal head-perineum distance measured by trans-perineal ultrasound is an easy, definitive and non-invasive method for prediction of successful induction of labour and can be used as an adjunct tool to add more information to per vaginal examination findings. Based on imaging findings, patients can be counselled before induction of labour regarding the probability of successful induction.
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The current study was conducted in 2021–2022 at the Post Graduate Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior (M.P.). The presents study was entitled to Study onCollection and Evaluation of Karonda (Carissa carandas L.) Genotypes in Gwalior and Etawah Region. In the present study, 20 Karonda genotypes collected from two region viz. Gwalior and Etawah. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Block Design (CRD) with three replications. The results highlighted that, the genotype GKr9 produced maximum fruit weight (3.96 g), fruit width(18.47 mm). The genotype GKr10, GKr11, GKr12, EKr19 and EKr20 produced highest number of seed per fruit (3.0) and seed weight (0.50 g). However, the genotype EKr14 had maximum total soluble solids (6.17°Brix). However, the genotype EKr19 produced highest TSS: acid ratio (4.95) and ascorbic acid (40.76 mg/100g). The genotype GKr12 and GKr13 had maximum pH of the juice (6.43) and acidity (2.44%). Whereas, the genotype GKr8 had maximum reducing sugar (16.64%) and total sugar (45.20%). Thus, on the basis of present study it may be concluded that the genotype GKr8, GKr9 GKr10, GKr11, GKr12, GKr13, EKr14, EKr19 and EKr20 superior among all the genotypes.
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The experiment was carried out to determine the impact of shelf life on banana cv. grand naine under various packing materials during storage for the current study in the Department of Horticulture lab at ITMU from October to December 2022. In this experiment, low-density polybags and black newspaper bags were employed as packing materials. paper bag, cardboard gunny bag high-density polybag white paddy straw with banana leaves Banana samples were taken at intervals of four days after each treatment to test a range of biological and physical traits, including pH, physiological weight, and peel colour. As these values were given for the analyses of variance and ANNOVA, the treatment group showed the greatest physiological weight reduction as compared to the control group; however, the Treatment T6 high-density white polybag showed the lowest physiological weight loss and the most appealing colour. is recorded in the treatment T6 high-density white polybag, whereas the peel's least yellow hue is observed throughout treatment to regulate the highest total soluble solid brix value was recorded in Treatment T1 low-density black polybag, and the minimum values recorded for these parameters are found in Treatment T0 control, while the maximum ph value was recorded in Treatment T7 banana leaf and the minimum ph value was noted in Treatment T0 control. According to the observational data, the banana fruit's pH rose as it ripened, further from the present experimental findings. The best packaging material suitable for the enhancement of shelf life and maintenance of visual appearance and quality for bananas is low-density black polythene Treatment T1.
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Livestock nutrition plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and productivity of animals. Fodder are key component of livestock diets, providing essential nutrients for growth, reproduction, and overall well-being. The application of inorganic nutrients with the combination of organic nutrients leads to improve crop yield with improvement in soil health and its productivity without deteriorating the environmental conditions. This review aims to explore the nutritional landscape of fodder and forage options for livestock, examining their composition, availability, and potential benefits.
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Background: Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for treating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Indian women is limited.Methods: This was a sub-group analysis of the real-world PROMISE study, which analyzed data of women who received FCM for the management of IDA due to non-obstetric causes. Hematological parameters were retrieved from the charts at baseline and at 4±1 week and analyzed for the whole sub-group and by the severity of anemia.Results: In 442 women with anemia, Hb and serum ferritin improved by 2.77 gm/dl and 62.07 µg/l, respectively (p<0.001 for both) at 4 weeks. There was a significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p<0.001 for all). In 192 subjects with severe anemia, there was a significant increase in Hb by 3.19 gm/dl, serum ferritin by 61.67 µg/l, RBC count, hematocrit, and MCV (p<0.001 for all); and MCH (p=0.002). In 226 subjects with moderate anemia, there was a significant increase in Hb by 2.41 gm/dl, serum ferritin by 62.75 µg/l, and MCV (p<0.001 for all); and MCH (p=0.003). No subject had mild anemia. No new safety signals or serious adverse events were reported. Physicians rated the efficacy and safety of FCM as very good to good in 94.1 and 94.2% of subjects, respectively.Conclusions: In Indian women, FCM effectively and safely corrects IDA due to non-obstetric causes, in a short span of 4 weeks.
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Background: Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for treating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Indian women is limited.Methods: This was a sub-group analysis of the real-world PROMISE study, which analyzed data of women who received FCM for the management of IDA due to non-obstetric causes. Hematological parameters were retrieved from the charts at baseline and at 4±1 week and analyzed for the whole sub-group and by the severity of anemia.Results: In 442 women with anemia, Hb and serum ferritin improved by 2.77 gm/dl and 62.07 µg/l, respectively (p<0.001 for both) at 4 weeks. There was a significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p<0.001 for all). In 192 subjects with severe anemia, there was a significant increase in Hb by 3.19 gm/dl, serum ferritin by 61.67 µg/l, RBC count, hematocrit, and MCV (p<0.001 for all); and MCH (p=0.002). In 226 subjects with moderate anemia, there was a significant increase in Hb by 2.41 gm/dl, serum ferritin by 62.75 µg/l, and MCV (p<0.001 for all); and MCH (p=0.003). No subject had mild anemia. No new safety signals or serious adverse events were reported. Physicians rated the efficacy and safety of FCM as very good to good in 94.1 and 94.2% of subjects, respectively.Conclusions: In Indian women, FCM effectively and safely corrects IDA due to non-obstetric causes, in a short span of 4 weeks.
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Background: In the Postmenopausal phase, there is a drastic reduction in estrogen levels which may alter tendon metabolism and production of different growth factors, resulting in chronic tendon disorders or tendon rupture. Achilles tendinopathy predominantly affects athletes, but it may also impact individuals with sedentary lifestyles, especially women in their postmenopausal stage. We studied the effectiveness of eccentric exercise training on chronic Achilles tendinopathy in postmenopausal women. Methods: 31 females (aged 45-60, average age 51, BMI 27.6 ± 4.7, range 22.9- 32.3) in their postmenopausal phase with clinical diagnosis of chronic unilateral Achilles tendinopathy both insertional and mid-portion were assessed for pain and functional outcomes with VAS (on rest and on activity ) and VISA-A questionnaire before commencing the exercise and after completion of the training after a duration of 4 weeks. Results: Participants showed an acute improvement in pain on rest and activity and the VISA-A score post-intervention. There was no significant difference in the pre- and post-score on the VAS scale and the VISA- Questionnaire. The mean VAS scale score on rest was 3.580 pre-intervention and 2.903 post-intervention, while the VAS scale score (on activity) was 7.451 pre-intervention which reduced to 6.096 post-intervention. The mean VISA-A score pre-intervention was 39.80, and post-intervention was 46.35.Conclusion: Postmenopausal women suffering from chronic Achilles tendinopathy showed a significant result through training with an eccentric exercise program
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of health-care professionals (HCPs), such as doctors/surgeons, pharmacists, nurses, optometrists, and lab technicians, on clinical trials (CTs) in India. Methods: The study was a pan-Indian cross-sectional survey initiated by the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN) by using a previously validated questionnaire for three months of data collection. An online survey was used to record information regarding demographics, CT knowledge, and CT perception among HCPs. Results: A total of 630 responses were recorded from HCPs: 207 doctors and surgeons, 159 pharmacists, and 264 laboratory technicians, nurses, and optometrists across India. Over 90% of HCPs had a clear knowledge on the purpose of CTs, the informed consent (IC) process, ethical approval by the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI). About 80% and 90% were aware of confidentiality of patients, voluntariness of participation, and good clinical practice. Surprisingly, less than 50% had lesser knowledge regarding monetary incentives of CT participants (CTPs). A slightly positive perception was observed regarding the potential benefits of CTPs, compensation related to injury, and importance of obtaining IC. Less than 50% had a negative perception that monetary compensation to CTPs led to bias and deprivation of standard treatments. However, no significant difference was observed between other aspects of demographics and perception regarding CTs. Conclusion: We observed doctors and surgeons to be having the highest regarding CTs, followed by pharmacists. The survey highlighted the necessity of scheduling awareness programs among the HCPs, which would improve their misconceptions and perception of CTs while interacting with patients for CT enrollment.
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Background Of The Study: Worldwide, 136 million babies are born annually. 10 million require some stimulation at birth to breathe, while 6 million require basic resuscitation with a bag and mask. Evidence shows that 1 million neonatal deaths occur yearly on the day of birth. Near about 2 million babies die in the rst week of life and 4 million die in the neonatal period, which accounts for 46% of under-ve mortality. This mortality is estimated to increase to 52% in 2030 unless strategic interventions are implemented. To assess the effect of a simulation-based teaching Objective: program on knowledge and skill regarding basic neonatal resuscitation procedures among female health workers of selected areas. Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design will be used. The duration of the study will Methodology: be one month. 60 female health workers from selected primary health centres and sub-health centres of Nagpur district will be selected as a sample through the simple random sampling technique. The structured questionnaire and standardized observational checklist will be used to assess the knowledge and skill respectively. Validity and reliability of the tool will be determined with appropriate standardized methods. Enhance knowledge and skill after simulation-based Expected Result: teaching program. Female health workers working in primary health centres and sub-health centres of Nagpur Limitation: district will be included in this study. The study ndings will reect the need for simulation based education to Conclusion: enhance the knowledge and skill of female health workers to identify birth asphyxia and its potential complications leading to neonatal mortality during the rst few hours after birth.
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Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is de?ned as a change in any or a combination of frequency, duration, or amount of bleeding, is a common gynecological complaint that affects 10?30% of reproductive?aged women and constitute about one?third of all outpatient gynecological visits. Mirena is a hormonal intrauterine device classified as a long-acting reversible contraceptive method. Women with heavy menstrual blood loss, the LNG?IUS can normalize blood flow. This high level of levonorgestrel in the endometrium induces dramatic effects leading to the unique mode of contraceptive and therapeutic action of the LNG?IUS. Initially developed to decrease the risk of expulsion of the intrauterine contraceptive device by reducing myometrial contractility.Methods: This study was a prospective interventional study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, over a period of 6 months. MIRENA insertion was done in outpatient department. The effectiveness of device was assessed by reduction in amount of bleeding in case of abnormal uterine bleeding and in the form of subjective symptomatic improvement along with improvement in quality of life. Record of menstrual pattern. Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart was used to assess the amount of blood loss in each cycle. The women were called for follow-up after 1 month, then 3 months, and then 6 months and asked regarding the relief they have obtained from the antecedent menstrual complaints. Hemoglobin (Hb) estimation was done on the subsequent visits.Results: The mean subjective percentage reduction of blood loss reduced from 13.64% at the first visit to 72.16% at 6th month and the mean Hb level in our study before treatment was 6.8 which increased to 9.8 at the end of 6 month.Conclusions: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system-mirena, provides an incredible nonsurgical alternative in treatment of menorrhagia which is reversible and spares fertility.
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Background: Pregnancy-related intrahepatic cholestasis is most prevalent hepatic disorder intense pruritus that affects the entire body including palm and sole. It is typically detected during second or third trimester. Pruritus frequently exacerbates at night, marked on the palms and soles of the feet and hands. Aim of this study was to evaluate bile acid and deranged liver function test in obstetrics cholestasis in pregnancy and to determine maternal fetal and outcomes.Methods: This prospective case series study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College. The present study was conducted in 50 women, who were selected from outpatient department of antenatal care from tertiary care, taken written permission before study. The medical records of all women with obstetrics cholestasis who delivered between December 2021and August 2022.Results: Subjects with IHCP has mean age of 30.11±5.03 year, found SGOT 40% in 100-200 and SGPT 44 % I (0-100) range and total bilirubin levels is 33 % in IHCP patients. In study found that LSCS due to 24% in fetal distress, 36% in MSL, 16% in IUGR, 14% preterm. Participants have 22% birth weight <2.5kg and 39 (78%) are under >2.5kg babies in IHCP patients and 24 % were underwent fetal distress and 24 % preterm delivery and 6 % got IUD . and no stillborn and 12% meconium.Conclusions: It causes maternal pruritus with impaired LFT and raised serum bile acids. Maternal morbidity is increased in terms of increased LSCS rates and discomfort due to pruritus.
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Objective: To assess the effect of maternal audiotaped voice on clinical parameters of sedated children. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 25 sedated critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. An audiotaped maternal voice was played to the children in the experimental group (n=13) via a headphone for 15 minutes, twice a day for 3 days. Children in the control group (n=12) received routine care without any additional auditory stimulation. Clinical and hemodynamic variables were recorded at 5 minutes interval three times. Results: Significant changes were observed in the mean (SD) heart rate (per minute) at 10 minutes [129.83 (19.14) vs 124.29 (14.90), P=0.051], respiratory rate at 5 minutes [44.38 (17.79) vs 34.65 (7.64), P=<0.001] and 10 minutes [42.79 (13.89) vs 35.44 (7.65) P=<0.001], systolic blood pressure at 5 minutes [95.24 (15.01) vs 101.02 (19.83) P=0.045], and mean blood pressure at 15 minutes [68.66 (13.61) vs 73.61 (17.59) P=0.051] mmHg between the experimental and the control group, respectively. Conclusion: Listening to recorded maternal voice had a positive effect on clinical parameters of sedated critically ill children.
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Introduction:Nomophobia is the fear of being cut off from one's mobile phone, and it relates to the discomfort, anxiety, tension, uneasiness, and anguish that comes with it. Since the first decade of the twenty-first century , when this social phobia was coined, a growing number of researchers have investigated and reported the prevalence of this technology -related condition. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of nomophobia and to determine the association of prevalence and associated factors of nomophobia with selected socio-demographic variables among undergraduate students of AIIMS Patna. Material and Methods: Undergraduate students of AIIMS, Patna are taken as the target population in which the minimum required sample size was 210 but it was increased to 230 for this study. Data was collected by sending questionnaires via social media. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: It shows that out of the taken 230 samples, a total of 229(99.56%) are having nomophobia which 55(23.91 3%) are having mild nomophobia, 128(55.652) are having moderate nomophobia, 46(20%) are having severe nomophobia i.e. most of the students are moderately nomophobia.The findings also reveal that there is an association of prevalence and associated factors of nomophobia with selected socio-demographic variables (Duration of using smartphone per day) with a p-value of 0.000 and the Fisher exact value is 22.169 by using SPSS, the p-value for this study is 0.05.Conclusion:The study shows that 99.56 % of students are having nomophobia and it is an alarming wake-up.
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The objective of this work was to study species composition and diversity of tree species between two vegetation stands, one is a protected vegetation stand and the other is a non-protected vegetation stand. The tree species composition and community structure were analyzed by field visits in Nanta forest region. Random sampling was done by using a standard size of quadrat i.e., 10x10m2. Results showed that a total of 30 species belonging to 25 genera and 11 families are present in the protected site whereas 8 species belonging to 7 genera and 5 families are present in the unprotected site. Anogeissus pendula (Edgew) and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) were the most important species in protected and non-protected sites respectively. The Simpson’s index is higher in protected vegetation stands showing greater sample diversity. Family Fabaceae is dominant in both the vegetation stand which shows the ecological importance of this family.
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Background: Screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a routine practice in most developed countries of the world. This can be done by measuring cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone (CBTSH). Apart from foetal thyroid status and iodine nutrition status of the population, many perinatal factors may also affect CBTSH. The influence of these perinatal factors may affect the sensitivity of CBTSH as a screening tool for CH. The present study was carried out to study the influence of various perinatal factors on CBTSH level.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in tertiary care centre in North Maharashtra. 793 new-borns were included in study. Effects of perinatal factors like maternal age, parity, gender of the baby, birth weight, mode of delivery, gestational age, birth asphyxia on CBTSH was analysed with appropriate scientific method.Results: The mean TSH level in the study group was 7.56±3.9 mIU/l. Among the associated factors vaginal delivery, low gestational age, low birth weight and birth asphyxia were significantly associated with elevated CBTSH values. Hence, any rise in cord blood TSH should be seen in the light of these factors.Conclusions: Among all the associated factors, primi-parity, vaginal delivery, low gestational age, low birth weight and birth asphyxia were significantly associated with elevated CBTSH values. However, no association was observed between CBTSH values and gender of the baby and maternal age.