Hepatitis D Virus: An Overview for Dentists

Hepatitis D is considered to be the most severe form of viral hepatitis. This virus requires hepatitis B for its life cycle and it is estimated that at least 5% of hepatitis B virus infected patients are also infected with hepatitis D, counting for 15 million infections worldwide most optimistically. Hepatitis D has a similar transmission pattern to hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. However, there is less information about the virus of hepatitis D than aboutthe other agents of viral hepatitis. In particular, there is total lack of information on hepatitis D in the setting of dental diseases and management. To our knowledge, there are only few reports on hepatitis D of dental health care workers (DHCW), the association of hepatitis D with oral conditions and on the role of oral fluid in transmission of hepatitis D. The present report reviews current knowledge of hepatitis D for dentists and dental personnel. Therefore, epidemiology, transmission modes, sign and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment options of hepatitis D are discussed under relevant subheadings

Cisto linfoepitelial em língua: relato de caso / Limphoepithelial cyst on tongue: a case report

O cisto linfoepitelial oral (CLEO) é uma lesão incomum da boca, que se desenvolve do tecido linfoide oral. Clinicamente apresenta-se como uma lesão nodular, que raramente apresenta mais de 1,5 cm em seu maior diâmetro. Possui coloração branco-amarelada, superfície regular, é mole à palpação e assintomático na maioria dos casos, embora possa apresentar tumefação e drenagem, se associado a episódios de trauma. A localização mais freqüente dessa lesão na cavidade oral é o assoalho de boca, seguido da superfície ventral e borda lateral de língua. O CLEO é encontrado em pacientes de várias faixas etárias, porém é mais comum em adultos jovens. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de CLEO e revisamos a literatura sobre o tema.

The oral lymphoepithelial cyst (CLEO) is an uncommon injury in the oral cavity that develops oral lymphoid tissue. Clinically, it presents as a nodular lesion that rarely has more than 1.5 cm in its largest diameter. It has a whitish-yellow, soft on palpation and asymptomatic in most cases, and although there may be swelling and drainage are associated with episodes of trauma. The most frequent location of this lesion in the oral cavity is the mouth's floor followed by the ventral surface and lateral border of the tongue. The CLEO can be foundbe found in patients of diff erent ages but it is most common in young adults. In this paper, we report a case of oral lymphoepithelial cyst later, discussing the current literature regarding this lesion.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth mimicking an oral erythroleukoplakia: case report and review of literature

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an uncommon and controversial epithelial neoplasm characterized by simultaneous and distinct areas of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Only few cases of oral adenosquamous carcinoma have been previously reported in the literature. It has been described as a squamous cell carcinoma subtype with a high infiltrative capacity. The majority of the patients suffer with early recurrence, local and distant metastases, and low survival rate. In this article, a case of ASC which was clinically similar to an oral leukoplakia is reported and the literature is reviewed. We underline the main histological features and the importance of the oral pathologist in the recognition of the squamous cell carcinoma subtypes.

Oral manifestations of syphilis

A última década tem mostrado um aumento importante na prevalência de sífilis infecciosa nos países desenvolvidos e epidemias surgiram na Europa ocidental, particularmente no Reino Unido, bem como nos EUA. Embora as manifestações orais da sífilis sejam mais freqüentes na fase secundária da doença, todos os estágios podem apresentar lesões orais. A fase terciária da doença está associada a lesões orais significativas tais como destruição óssea associada à goma sifilítica e uma possível predisposição ao carcinoma espinocelular. Com o aumento da prevalência da sífilis infecciosa, há também um aumento gradual de crianças nascidas com sífilis congênita. Consequentemente esta patologia leva a anomalias faciais de ordem dentária, óssea, dermatológica e neurológica. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar as lesões orais associadas á sífilis, bem como discorrer brevemente sobre a relação entre a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (human immunodeficiency virus - HIV) e a sífilis.

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on human herpesvirus 8 with particular attention to the aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of human herpesvirus 8 infection, including virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, therapy, and Kaposi's sarcoma etiopathogenesis. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: Human herpesvirus 8 is a recently discovered DNA virus that is present throughout the world but with major geographic variation. In the Western world, the virus, transmitted mainly by means of sexual contact, is strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity-based lymphoma and more controversially with multiple myeloma and other non-proliferative disorders. There is no specific effective treatment, but HIV protease inhibitors may play an indirect role in the clearance of human herpesvirus 8 DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus 8 DNA is present in saliva, but there are as yet no documented cases of nosocomial transmission to health care workers. The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among health care workers is probably similar to that in the general population. CONCLUSION: Human herpesvirus 8 appears to be, at least in Western Europe and United States, restricted to a population at risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 certainly has the means to overcome cellular control and immune responses and thus predispose carriers to malignancy, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma. The wide diffusion of Human herpesvirus 8 in classic Kaposi's sarcoma areas appears to represent an important factor in the high incidence of the disease. However, additional co-factors are likely to play a role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma

Telediagnosis of oral disease / Telediagnóstico de doença bucal

Computers have increasingly found application in dentistry over the past 15 years, but at present there has been no investigation of the application of the Internet for distance diagnosis purposes in oral medicine. As a consequence, the objective of this article was to determine the acceptability to patient and clinician of the distant diagnosis of common orofacial diseases using the Internet. The study group comprised 20 patients who attended the Oral Medicine unit of the Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, UK, for the diagnosis and manangement of oral mucosal diseases. Digital images of each patient's oral mucosal lesion were captured and stored on a personal computer and later transmitted via the Internet to a distant site. Patients were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire detailing their opinion of the use on an intra-oral camera and a group of clinicians were asked to compare and contrast the original and transmitted images. The majority of patients found the procedure of recording images of their mouth very comfortable, were happy to view the inside of their mouths, and found the procedure generally useful in understanding their clinical problem. The clinicians were often not able to differentiate between the original and transmitted image but were able to accurately diagnose the patient's oral mucosal problems in 64 percent of the instances. The results of the present study suggest that telediagnosis of orofacial disease may be a feasible prospect