“Comparative Study on Complications of Early Enteral Feeding and Nil Per Oral in Mild and Moderate Acute Pancreatitis”

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a potentially lethal disease with wide variation in severity ranging from mild and self-limiting to a rapidly progressive illness leading to multiorgan failure. In accordance with this wide variation in clinical presentation, the treatment of acute pancreatitis requires a multidisciplinary approach. Mild acute pancreatitis causes disturbance in the homeostatic mechanism of the body is minimal; the treatment is aimed at supporting the native reparative processes of the body. One of the main supportive mechanisms is adequate and safe nutritional supplementation. Objectives: To assess the occurrence of infective and non-infective complications in cases of acute pancreatitis on early enteral nutrition. Materials & Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on patients who were admitted to SSIMS AND RC Davangere with symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis from July 2019 to July 2021. Patients with a clinical picture consistent with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, along with more than a 3-fold elevation of serum amylase and elevated serum lipase were considered to have acute pancreatitis. After initial diagnosis and assessment, patients were duly informed regarding the study and consent was obtained. A 16-gauge nasogastric Ryle’s tube was inserted for all patients included in the study. The feeding patterns were initiated depending upon the severity of acute pancreatitis. Feeding was started after calculating the nutrition requirement. In the early feeding group, patients were given a protein powder to achieve a target nutrition in a stepwise manner. The tolerance to feeds, infective and non-infective complications and the time taken to start on an oral diet were noted and analysed. Results: The incidence of infective complications in our study was found to be 2% with none of the infections involving the pancreas itself. The incidence of non-infective complications in our study was found to be 30% with 13% involving the pancreas proper. Conclusions: The use of early enteral feeding does not influence the incidence of infective and non-infective complications in mild and moderate acute pancreatitis. Early enteral feeding delivers nutrition, in a simpler and more cost-effective. Nasogastric and oral feeding reduces the morbidity of the patient by accelerating the return to normal activities.

Integration of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) into NPCDCS programme: A recent initiative in India

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging public health problem globally. NAFLD is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes in many developed countries. NAFLD is estimated to afflict approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide. An estimated 20-30 % of general population is afflicted from it globally. In India NAFLD could be a silent epidemic with its prevalence ranging from 9-32%. Studies have shown, strong association of NAFLD with major Non Communicable diseases (NCD) like Diabetes, Obesity, CVD, Chronic Kidney diseases, Cancers, etc. Perceiving the threat of NAFLD and the central role of hepatic accumulation of fat in the pathogenesis of other NCD, the Government of India (GoI) has taken steps to include NAFLD in the public health agenda. It has included it in the national NCD programme, i.e., National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2021. India has become the first country in the world to start a national programme for preventive efforts for NAFLD. The present review describes public health relevance of NAFLD and the process of integration of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) into NPCDCS programme in India.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and other Non-Communicable Diseases: Time for an Integrated Approach

Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad term covering a spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. NAFLD is highly prevalent across all regions of the world with its global prevalence of 25.2%(95%CI:22.1-28.7). It is commonly referred as the ‘hepatic manifestation’ of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, it is strongly associated with the individual components as well as MetS as a whole. NAFLD has been independently associated with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like chronic kidney disease (CKD), Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Stroke and Cancers. This strong association of NCDs with NAFLD not only affects the prevalence but also the progression and management of the disease. Thus, this review aims at highlighting the association of NAFLD with other NCDs. A literature search was undertaken in the MEDLINE database using the necessary MeSH terms. The review concludes NAFLD is a systemic disease, not just confined to liver-specific morbidity and mortality, but also associated with numerous extra-hepatic manifestations, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal diseases, and malignancy. With coexistence of NAFLD with various NCDs it is expected to become the most overwhelming liver disease in the world in coming years. Hence, to reduce medical and economic impact associated with these comorbidities, it is recommended that all countries should estimate and predict the burden on comorbidities associated with NAFLD and galvanize its health resources in providing integrated therapeutic approaches for management of NAFLD and related comorbidities at an early stage.

Study of Mineral Nutrient Accumulation in Different Cultivars of Guava Fruits

Guava, is one of the most promising fruit crops of India and is considered to be one of the exquisite nutritionally valuable and remunerative crops. We are unaware of any report describing macro and micronutrient dynamics in fruit at different growth stages of guava. Micronutrients play an important role in production and their deficiency lead in lowering the productivity. For conducting this experiment fruit of variety Allahabad Safeda, L-49, Lalit, Shweta, Arka Kiran, Salithong, Kimchu were collected at different stages like Marble, Stone hardening & Harvest stage for estimation of primary nutrient (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (Ca, Mg) & micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). The nutrient content particularly N, K, Mg, and Mn are highest in variety of Allahabad Safeda, whereas, P and Ca are highest in variety Lalit. Micronutrient Fe recorded highest in Salithong while Zn and Cu were accumulated maximum in Arka Kiran and Kimchu respectively. Recommendation of fertilizer at various growth stages is paramount for precise nutritional management for which the requirement of different nutrition is essential.

Spectrum of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Introduction: The incidence of lung carcinoma has rapidlyincreased since the beginning of there 20th century and currentlyrepresents the main of cancer related mortality. Diagnosticsmethods may adequately explain frequent recognition of thepresence of neoplasm, but also a fact that histological findingshave yielded a considerably higher percentage. More recentlythe emergence of combined PET CT imaging has greatlyaided the investigation of lung carcinoma by allowing evenbetter delineation of areas with increased tracer uptake and byimproving staging and detection of metastatic disease, guidingtherapy and allowing clinical outcome to be predicted. Studyaimed to find the prevalence and associated symptoms of lungcarcinoma.Material and methods: The study included a 109 patientsand was a retrospective study. The method was to note thepresenting symptoms of bronchogenic carcinoma and tonote the site of metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma withPET CT. To note the variant of bronchogenic carcinoma withhistologically proven.Results: There were a total of 109 patients of which 77were male and 32 were female. The presenting symptom ofbronchogenic carcinoma was cough 75% preceded by weightloss 68%, dyspnea 60%, chest pain 49%, and hemoptysis 35%,bone pain 25%, clubbing 20%, fever 20%, weakness 10%,superior vena obstruction 4%, dysphagia 2%, wheeze andstridor 2%.Out of the 109 patients the frequent presentationof bronchogenic variant is adenocarcinoma 56%, followed bysquamous cell carcinoma 34% and small cell carcinoma 15%.Conclusion: The frequent symptom of bronchogeniccarcinoma presentation was cough followed by weight lossand dyspnea. The frequent site of metastatic of bronchogeniccarcinoma is supraclavicular node followed by contralaterallung, bone metastasis. majority of bronchogenic carcinomapresentation were of adenocarcinoma followed by squamouscell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma

Expression of ?-smooth muscle actin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: An immunohistochemical study

Background and Objectives: Myoepithelial cells (ME) are known to contribute in the patterning of salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) and possess cytoplasmic smooth muscle actin (SMA) revealed by alpha SMA (?-SMA). The present study aimed to assess the expression of ?-SMA in selected benign and malignant SGN (pleomorphic adenoma printarticle.asp?issn=0377-4929;year=2018;volume=61;issue=4;spage=479;epage=484;aulast=Ravi, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA). Materials and Methods: The intensity and pattern of expression of ?-SMA were studied in 25 cases of SGN's ACC (n = 7), MEC (n = 8), PA (n = 8), and PLGA (n = 2), and correlated with the histological patterns. Results: Maximum expression of ?-SMA in the epithelial compartment was seen in ACC, followed by PA, whereas MEC and PLGA showed completely negative staining. The connective tissue expression was mild in ACC and MEC. The myxoid stroma of PA with “melting” pattern was weakly positive for ?-SMA. The stroma in PLGA showed complete negativity. In ACC, ?-SMA-positive cells were lining the cribriform spaces, small islands, and dispersed within large islands. Small nests showed complete positivity for ?-SMA. Interpretation and Conclusion: In ACC, ?-SMA expression supports the involvement of ME in epithelial organization explaining the histological patterns seen. In PA, the expression correlates with the predominantly secretory nature of ME. The absence of epithelial positivity in MEC and PLGA suggest that ME has less role to play in their histogenesis. The weak stromal positivity observed in MEC and ACC may be attributed to the positive immunoreactivity of myofibroblasts playing a role in modulating the course of SGN's.

Fluorescence of Candida in diagnosis of oral candidiasis.

Background: Many pathogenic fungi fluoresce in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, and Papanicolaou (PAP)‑stained smears under ultraviolet illumination. In theory, this phenomenon could aid in the diagnosis of common fungal infections without the delay which is usually associated with special stains. Objective: To evaluate the role of fluorescence as a rapid screening technique for oral infections caused by Candida organisms in exfoliative smears of oral candidiasis. Materials and Methods: Two smears and one swab were collected from each of 62 clinically diagnosed cases of oral candidiasis. Smears were stained with (PAP) and periodic acid–Schiff stain (PAS). Both smears were evaluated under light microscopy (LM). Later, PAP smears were observed under fluorescent microscopy (PAP‑FM). The swab was inoculated on Sabouraud’s agar plate. Each technique was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity. Results: It was found that the PAS‑stained smears were more reliable for detection of Candida species than other methods (sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 66.7%). The PAP‑LM and PAP‑FM showed less sensitivity (67.9% and 85.7%) and specificity (66.7% and 33.3%), respectively. Combined results of both light and fluorescent microscopy of PAP (LM + FM) showed increased sensitivity (89.3%) but reduced specificity (16.7%). Conclusion: PAP autofluorescence is less sensitive than PAS, still it accentuates the distinct morphological features of Candida.

Ectopic Spleen Presenting as Abdominal Mass: A Case Report.

Ectopic spleens are rare findings though spelenincule are common. It is due to failure of fusion of mesogastrium and the lining body wall epithelium, resulting in supports of the spleen become lax, and spleen position will be abnormally located. Hypermobile colon and prune belly syndrome are associated with the ectopic spleen. This is more common in children. In adults, it is more common in woman; especially in multipara. A rare case of mass per abdomen in right iliac fossa, turned out to be functional spleen with aneurysm of splenic artery is presented. There were no features of infarction, torsion or portal hypertension or splenic vein thrombosis. Splenectomy was done. The patient had uneventful recovery.

Perusal of Mbl2 Gene -Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in Different Indian Populations.

The tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease in the world, which is still not made under control. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) or MBL2 is a human gene susceptible to Tuberculosis and is used as a tool to investigate the proneness of attack by mycobacterium tuberculosis. MBL2 gene has been found over fifty five different populations in India. Among the identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) investigated in this work by evaluating the SNPs through computational methods. All identified SNPs are reported as deleterious. The SNP, rs1800450 of MBL2 is commonly reported from all major genomic populations in India, and the individuals holding this SNP are prone to the attack of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nutritional status in survivors of childhood cancer: Experience from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.

BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for several cardiometabolic complications. Obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome have been widely reported in Western literature, but data from India are lacking. AIMS: To perform an objective assessment of nutritional status in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) and to find risk factors for extremes in nutritional status. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was a retrospective chart review of CCSs who attended the late effects clinic of a referral pediatric oncology center over the period of 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An objective assessment of nutritional status was done, and results were analyzed in two groups: Adult survivors (present age >18 years) and child and adolescent survivors (CASs) (<18 years). The data were then analyzed for possible risk factors. RESULTS: Six hundred and forty‑eight survivors were included in the study; of these, 471 were <18 years at follow‑up, and 177 were 18 years or older. The prevalence of obesity, overweight, normal, and undernutrition was 2.6%, 10.8%, 62.7%, and 28.8% (CASs) and 0%, 8.5%, 62.7%, and 28.8% (adult survivors), respectively. Factors predictive of overweight/obesity were an initial diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or brain tumor and follow‑up duration of >20 years or current age >30 years in adult survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity/overweight is lower in our cohort when compared to Western literature. It remains to be clarified whether this reflects the underlying undernutrition in our country, or whether our cohort of survivors is indeed distinct from their Western counterparts. Comparison with age/sex‑matched normal controls and baseline parameters would yield more meaningful results.

A Study of Supracondylar Fractures of Humerus in Children by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Kirschner Wires.

Background: Supracondylar fractures of humerus is the commonest injury, constitutes about 65.4% of all fractures about the elbow in children. Displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus demand great respect and challenging one to treat, since it requires accurate anatomical reduction and internal fixation to prevent complications. So, in this study, we reported the results of open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires in the displaced (Gartland’s type III) supracondylar fracture humerus in children. Material and Methods: Thirty cases of displaced (Gartland’s type III) supracondylar fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires were studied between September 2011 to August 2013 at our institution and followed for an average of 24 months. Results: We came across 36 male patients and 14 female patients. Majority of the cases (38) were due to high energy trauma of road traffic accidents involving relatively younger patients. At the end of 5 months, all except four patients could mobilize independently without any aid. We did not come across complications like fracture of femur and failure of fixation and no reoperations were required. Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires is the most commonly accepted treatment of displaced supracondylar fracture humerus in children when done at appropriate time. It gives more stable fixation, better anatomical reduction with negligible complication.

Alarming prevalence of community-acquired multidrug-resistant organisms colonization in children with cancer and implications for therapy: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Infection or colonization with multidrug‑resistant organisms (MDRO) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of MDRO colonization may help in planning empirical antibiotic approach in neutropenic patients, which is known to improve patient outcomes. While routine cultures are positive and may help direct antibiotic therapy in only up to 15% neutropenic patients, surveillance cultures are positive in more than 90% of cancer patients. AIMS: To assess the rate of MDRO carrier status at presentation and rate of conversion to MDRO during the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rectal swabs of all the outpatients presenting to pediatric oncology unit were sent within 7 days from date of registration from January 2014 to December 2014. Furthermore, stool cultures/rectal swabs of all patients who got directly admitted to the pediatric ward at presentation were sent within 24 h. Repeat rectal swabs were sent again for patients from this cohort when they got readmitted to the ward at least 15 days after last discharge or when clinically indicated. RESULTS: Baseline surveillance rectal swabs were sent for 618 patients, which included 528 children with hematological malignancies and 90 children with solid tumors. Forty‑five (7.3%) showed no growth. Of the remaining 573, 197 (34.4%) patients were colonized by two organisms and 30 (5.2%) by three organisms. Three hundred and thirty‑four (58.4%) showed extended spectrum beta‑lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae, of which 165 (49.5%) were ESBL sensitive to beta‑lactam with beta‑lactamase inhibitors combinations and 169 (50.5%) were resistant to combinations. One hundred and sixteen (20.2%) were carbapenem‑resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and 65 (11.4%) had vancomycin‑resistant enterococci in baseline cultures. Only 63 (21%) patients were colonized by a sensitive organism in their baseline surveillance cultures. Morbidity (Intensive Care Unit stay) and mortality was higher in patients colonized by MDR organisms. There was a significant correlation between the place of residence and CRE colonization status with the highest rate (60%) of CRE colonization observed in children from East India. The repeat cultures showed the further conversion of sensitive isolates to MDRO in 80% of these children, of which 40% each converted from non‑ESBL and non‑CRE to ESBL and CRE, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first study illustrating the alarming high prevalence of community‑acquired MDRO colonization, especially CRE, which has grave implications for therapy for children with cancer potentially compromising delivery of aggressive chemotherapy and affecting outcomes. This incidence further increases during the course of treatment. Knowing the baseline colonization also guides us for the planning of chemotherapy as well as antibiotic approach and infection control strategies. Local antibiotics stewardship including education of the healthcare workers as well as national level interventions to prevent antibiotic misuse in the community is critical to minimize this problem.

Epidemiology of blood stream infections in pediatric patients at a tertiary care cancer centre.

BACKGROUND: Blood stream infections (BSI) are among the most common causes of preventable deaths in children with cancer in a developing country. Knowledge of its etiology as well as antibiotic sensitivity is essential not only for planning antimicrobial policy, but also the larger infection prevention and control measures. AIMS: To describe the etiology and sensitivity of BSI in the pediatric oncology unit at a tertiary cancer center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the samples representative of BSI sent from pediatric oncology unit during the period of January to December, 2013 were included in the study, and analyzed for microbiological spectrum with their antibiotic sensitivity. RESULTS: A total of 4198 samples were representative of BSI. The overall cultures positivity rate was 6.97% with higher positivity rate (10.28%) from central lines. Of the positive cultures, 208 (70.9%) were Gram‑negative bacilli (GNB), 71 (24.2%) were Gram‑positive organisms, and 14 (4.7%) were Candida species. Lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae i.e., Escherichia coli (28.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.1%), and Enterobacter (4.8%) accounted for 55.3% of all GNB. Pseudomonas accounted for 53 (25.5%) and Acinetobacter 19 (9.1%) of GNB. Among Gram‑positive isolates, staphylococci were the most frequent (47.8%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae 17 (23.9%), beta‑hemolytic streptococci 11 (15.5%), and enterococci 9 (12.68%). Of GNB, 45.7% were pan‑sensitive, 24% extended spectrum beta–lactamase (ESBL) producers, 27% were resistant to carbapenems, and 3.4% resistant to colistin. Pseudomonas was most sensitive, and Klebsiella was least sensitive of GNB. Of the staphylococcal isolates, 41.67% were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 10% of Coagulase Negative Stapylococci (CONS) were methicillin. CONCLUSION: A high degree of ESBL producers and carbapenem‑resistant Enterobacteriaceae is concerning; with emerging resistance to colistin, raising the fear of a return to the preantibiotic era. An urgent intervention including creating awareness and establishment of robust infection control and antibiotic stewardship program is the most important need of the hour.

Risk predictors for adverse outcome in pediatric febrile neutropenia: Single center experience from a low and middle‑income country.

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) into those at “High Risk” and “Low Risk” of developing complications helps in making decisions regarding optimal treatment, such as whether to treat with oral or intravenous antibiotics, whether to treat as inpatient or outpatient and how long to treat. Risk predictors obtained from Western studies on pediatric FN are unlikely to be relevant to low middle‑income country (LMICs). Our study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory parameters predictive of poor outcomes in children with chemotherapy‑induced FN in a LMIC. PROCEDURE: Two hundred and fifty consecutive episodes of chemotherapy‑induced FN in pediatric (<15 years) patients were analyzed prospectively. Adverse outcomes were defined as per SPOG 2003 FN study as serious medical complications (SMC) due to infection, microbiologically defined infection, and radiologically defined pneumonia (RDP). Variables found to be significant for adverse outcome (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis were selected for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Five factors that were found to independently predict adverse outcome were (a) previously documented infection in the past 6 months, (b) presence of significant focus of infection, (c) absolute phagocyte count <100/mm3, (d) peak temperature more than 39°C in this episode of FN, and (e) fever lasting more than 5 days during this episode of FN. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the risk factors for adverse outcome in pediatric FN, which are objective and applicable across LMICs would contribute in developing guidelines for the management of FN in a resource‑limited setting.

Assessing the effectiveness of evidence based practice course on clinical practice of physiotherapy students using objective structured clinical examination [OSCE]

To assess the effectiveness of the EBP course on clinical practice of graduate physiotherapy students using OSCE stations. Thirty students of post graduate physiotherapy participated in an EBP course workshop of 30 hours [5 days] in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The EBP course was designed to teach core EBP knowledge and skills based on the EBP 5 step model. EBP OSCE tool was developed and applied to test the effectiveness of EBP course. The inter-rater reliability of OSCE tool was good [ICC = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.99] and highly acceptable Internal consistency [Cronbach's alpha = 0.99] reflects how consistently different OSCE station measure the unified construct, i.e., EBP clinical skills. Before the EBP course, the participants had a mean score of 39% overall, Post course evaluation, the mean percentage of student's performance increased to 69%, indicating 30% improvement with significant improvement at each EBP OSCE stations [p < 0.001]. Short EBP course delivered in workshop mode was effective in improving EBP knowledge and skills of graduate physiotherapy students. This study demonstrated the use of OSCE to test the EBP knowledge and skills in different clinical vignettes

Stability indicating RP HPLC method for determination of levitiracetam in pharmaceutical formulation.

The article reports on a development of RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of Levetiracetam in tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separations were performed using Phenomenex C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μm particle size) column at 40 ºC temperatures. The optimum mobile phase consisted of methanol, water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:10:60. Auto sampler 20 μl was used and kept at 15 ºC temperature. Analysis was done with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 212 nm ( max of Levetiracetam) wavelength by using photodiode array (PDA) detector. The drug was analyzed for acid, alkaline, oxidative, hydrolytic, photolytic and thermal degradation studies. The standard calibration curve was plotted for the drug and results showed that the drug was linear (r2 = 0.999) in the concentration range between 0.01 – 1.5 μg/ml. The results of stress testing undertaken according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines reveal that the selected method is selective and stability-indicating for determination of levitiracetam in pharmaceutical formualtion.

Mesiodens In India Children : A Report of Two Case And Review.

Paediatric dentistry in the current scenario is not only about teeth and gums that are visible in child's mouth, but also those structures that are hidden, difficult to identify, and often remain undiagnosed. Dentists can come across various anomalies pertaining to the crown structure during clinical practice. Supernumerary tooth is one such anomaly that is additional to the normal series and can be found in almost any region of the dental arch. They may be single, multiple, unilateral or bilateral erupted or un-erupted and in one or both jaws. Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth found in the premaxilla between two central incisors. Here is a review of literature relating to mesiodens presented along with two case reports to illustrate some possible presentations, diagnostic features, and treatment options.

Aesthetic Rehabilitation of A Child With Missing Anterior Teeth And Thumb Sucking Habit Using Fixed Functional Space Maintainer In Combination With Habit Breaking Appliance.

Loss of anterior teeth is a psychological trauma both for parent as well as children. Children presenting with lost anterior teeth along with thumb sucking habit require not only attention for aesthetics, function and space maintenance but also an appliance for habit breaking. Depending on many clinical and economic factors, a course of treatment is decided by the dentist in consultation with parent and child. A new technique is presented in which a child with anterior teeth missing and concomitant ‘‘thumb sucking’’ habit was given a fixed functional space maintainer' with incorporated palatal crib.

Isolation and purifecation of riboflavin binding protein from eagle egg-yolk (aquila hastate).

Riboflavin binding protein was purified from the egg yolk of Aquila hastate (Eagle). The protein was purified using DEAE Sepharose ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purity of the protein was judged by cylindrical and slab SDSPAGE techniques. Comparison of the mobility of RfBP with that of the standard molecular weight marker protein revealed that the RfBP had a molecular weight close to 29 Kd. Interestingly the RfBPs from hen egg yolk and eagle egg yolk had the same molecular weights as revealed by the SDS PAGE.