Cambio climático y salud en la región andina / Climate change and health in the andean region

Se presentan de manera resumida las causas fundamentales que contribuyen al calentamiento global y una serie de evidencias de la realidad que nos afecta: aumenta la temperatura de la tierra, se derriten los glaciares, sube el nivel de los océanos y se incrementa la frecuencia e intensidad de los eventos meteorológicos; todo ello como producto de la acumulación inusitada de gases de efecto invernadero, provenientes de la actividad humana. Se plantea las implicaciones que, de forma directa o indirecta, el cambio climático tiene para la salud, en particular para los países andinos: trastornos vinculados con la disponibilidad y calidad del agua y los alimentos, afecciones respiratorias, infecciones de transmisión vectorial, cáncer y enfermedades crónico degenerativas, cuadros asociados con desastres climáticos y temperaturas extremas. Finalmente, se revisa las propuestas y cursos de acción.

We present a short summary of the root causes that contribute to global warming and a host of evidence of the reality that affects us; such as: raising the temperature of the earth, melting glaciers, rising ocean level, increases the frequency and intensity of weather events, all as a result of the unusual accumulation of greenhouse gases, as product of human activity. There are implications that directly or indirectly, the climate change has to health in particular for Andean countries; such as: disorders linked to the availability and quality of water and food, respiratory disease, vector-borne infections, cancer and pathologies chronic degenerative tables associated with climatic disasters and extreme temperatures. Finally we review proposals and courses of action.

Contaminación atmosférica y daño cardiovascular / Atmospheric pollution and cardiovascular damage

The damaging effect of atmospheric pollution with particulate matter and toxic gases on the respiratory system and its effect in the incidence and severity of respiratory diseases, is well known. A similar effect on the cardiovascular system is currently under investigation. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the inhalation of particulate matter can increase cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, specially ischemic heart disease. The damage would be mediated by alterations in the autonomic nervous system, inflammation, infections and free radicals. In human studies, environmental pollution is associated with alterations in cardiac frequency variability and blood pressure and with changes in ventricular repolarization. Experimentally, an enhancement of ischemia, due to coronary obstruction, has been demonstrated. The study of the toxic effects of environmental pollution over the cardiovascualr system, is an open field, specially in Chile, were the big cities have serious contamination problems (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 761-7).