RESUMO
Introduction: Acetabulum is a cup shaped cavity on the outer surface of the constricted central part of the hip bone, where three components meet and subsequently fuse. In modern world, orthopaedic surgeons and biomedical engineers are trying to make the best possible prosthesis for planning the total hip replacement. Body proportion and absolute dimension vary widely in respect to age, sex and racial groups. While partially due to variability in muscularity and adiposity, such variations are chiefly in skeletal system. Purpose of study: The main intention of this study was to obtain the morphometric data of acetabulum. This data suffices the mechanics of the hip joint so as to plan for suitable prosthesis and various surgical approaches. Material and method: The study was conducted in the department of Anatomy. Hundred hip bones of both sexes were used. In this study we included only healthy adult bones, deformed and eroded bones were excluded from the study. The osteometric parameters such as diameter, depth and capacity of acetabulum, notch width and shape of the anterior acetabular ridge were measured using digital Vernier calipers and measuring jar. The data was analysed statistically using SPSS software. Results: The mean diameter of acetabulum in males was found to be 5.03 cm and in females it was 4.44 cm, whereas on right side it was 4.70 cm and on left side it was 4.77 cm. The mean depth of acetabulum in males was 2.85 cm and in females it was 2.49 cm, whereas on the right side was 2.71 cm and 2.63 cm on the left. The mean notch width of the acetabulum in males was 2.07 cm and in females it was 1.71 cm, whereas on the right side it was 1.92 cm, and 1.85 cm on the left. Total range for the acetabular capacity was 22-30.68 ml. The curved shape anterior acetabular ridge was the most predominant type (39%) and the least type was irregular shaped (15%). Conclusion: The acetabular parameters such as acetabular diameter, depth, capacity and notch width of the acetabulum was greater in males compared to the females. Statistically the comparison was highly significant. Most common anterior acetabular ridge shape is curved type (39%), least was Irregular type (15%). Morphometric data of acetabulum is essential for clinical correlation and it also helps in the detection of disputed sex by Forensic experts. It also helps the orthopaedic surgeons for planning the total hip replacement
RESUMO
Introduction: The anatomical knowledge of variations of femoral artery and its branches is important as it isfrequently accessed by surgeons and radiologists for number of procedures. Profunda femoris artery is thelargest branch of femoral artery, it is chief supply of the thigh. It is frequently incorporated in vascularreconstructive procedures in the proximal leg. Femoral artery is frequently accessed by radiologists for numberof procedures, and surgeons. Accurate knowledge of anatomical variations of femoral artery and its branchesincluding profunda femoris, medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries is required to minimize complicationsand hence it is suggested for the clinicians planning surgery and intervention.Materials and Methods: In the present study, dissection was performed on 70 lower extremities of 35 embalmedcadavers in the department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College Mangalore. The distance of the site of originof profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of the inguinal ligament was measured in mm with a scale andrecorded. The site of origin of medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries were studied.Results: In present study of profunda femoris artery, we found posterolateral and lateral aspect of origin wascommon (72.85%) than posterior and posteromedial aspect of origin (19.83%). In three limbs (3.03%) profundafemoris artery was originating from medial side of femoral artery and it coursed superficial to femoral vein. Asper various literatures this is rare. The site of origin of profunda femoris artery was between 21-40 mm on 48limbs. In 12 limbs we found high origin of profunda femoris artery (distance < 10mm). In 10% cases profundafemoris artery took origin as a common stem of femoral artery, that is origin of profunda femoris and twocircumflex arteries from single site.Conclusion: Anatomical knowledge of branching pattern of femoral and profunda femoral artery and their distanceof origin is very important to surgeons to avoid inadvertent damage to these vessels and to avoid complicationsduring surgeries. the complications in vascular reconstructive surgeries.