Frequency of impaired glucose tolerance test in children with celiac disease

Background: oral Glucose Tolerance test among children with celiac disease may help in management

Objective: to determine the frequency of impaired Oral Glucose Tolerance test in the children with celiac disease

Methodology: Study design: Cross - Sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatric including Sheikh Zayed Medical College / Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 22[nd] April 2014 to 18[th]June 2015. In this study 77 patients of celiac disease were included. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and noted. The Performa was filled and record was maintained. The data was entered and analyzed for frequency of impaired OGTT by using SPSS version 16

Results: in our study, we found that out of 77 patients of celiac disease, 9 [11.7%] patients were having impaired OGTT

Conclusion: impaired OGTT is frequent in children suffering from celiac disease. It can be used as monitoring tool for glycemic abnormalities in these patients. It will help in earlier detection and initiation of prompt management accordingly

Foreign body aspiration in children

A case series descriptive study,was carried out from September 2007 to September 20010 at Paediatrics unit Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. The aim of the study was bronchoscopic evaluation of children suspicious of inhaled foreign body [FB] such as beetlenut, seeds, peanuts, tiny objects and fragments of tooth and presented with persistent cough. Fory [n-40] children [male and female] in age range of 1-3 years [toddlers] presented with persistent cough with no history of foreign body [FB] aspiration were included. The chronic persisting cough was defined as cough lasting for 30 days or >30 days as guided by WHO. They had bouts of cough mimicking pertussis and had clinical findings of decreased air entry with rales and rhonchi. Oxygen saturation was monitored by pulse oxymetry. X-rays chest were obtained. The pulmonary tuberculosis, pertussis and other chronic lung diseases were ruled out by history, clinical examination and investigations available in hospital laboratory. The cases with suspicion of FB inhalation were subjected to bronchoscopy. Rigid broncoscope was an essential tool for investigation and removal of FB in study. The data were processed in soft wear SPSS 16.Male: Female ratio was 2:1 and had height and weight above 10[th] percentile and vaccinated as per EPIschedule. The clinical examination of chest revealed dull or hyper resonant, decreased or no air entry with or without rales and rhonchi on the side of chest where FB lodged the lung. X-rays chest had no radio opaque FB, hyper inflation in cases 15 [n-15] and collapse in 10 cases [n-10] were the main findings. The clinical and radiological findings supported the empirical diagnosis of foreign body aspiration [FBA] and these children underwent rigid bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopically visualized FB were retrieved and the air ways were cleared of inflammatory debris and pus. The oxygen saturation retuned to normal and marked clinical improvement occurred soon after bronchoscopy. The commonest FB in our study was the beetle nut [Chalia/Supari]. The radiological changes were also seen after bronchoscopy. FBA should be considered in children presenting with persisting cough and after thorough clinical and radiological examination the suspected cases be evaluated by rigid bronchoscopy

Iron and zinc levels in blood of children with PICA

The aim of study was to determine the levels of serum iron and plasma zinc in toddlers with pica. Prospective analytic type of study. Over a span of 6 months. The study was conducted in Pediatrics Outpatient department at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. The thirty children of both sexes in age group of 1-3 years, presented with anemia and pica were included in study. They had no other apparent cause of anemia other than nutritional deficiencies. They were physically and mentally well. The clinical history, feeding pattern and .clinical examination were recorded. Their blood was evaluated for iron and zinc to find relation of pica with these micronutrients. The Hemoglobin [Hb%]; blood smears were examined for RBCs morphology. Stool samples were examined for occult blood and intestinal parasites. All children were anemic; milk was the main source of nutrition till 3years of age and iron rich food like meat was deficit .They were involved in earth eating [geophagia]. They belonged to poor socioeconomic conditions. The laboratory reports of their blood smears detected microcytic hypochromic anemia, low serum iron and normal plasma zinc. Hb% level was < llg/dl, BUN and urine examination was normal. Stool examination detected intestinal parasites. Pica [Geophegia] in our study is strongly associated with iron deficiency anemia [IDA]. The zinc deficiency was not found in these children