Biosensor analysis technology and its research progress in drug development of Alzheimer's disease / 药学学报

Biosensor analysis technology is a kind of technology with high specificity that can convert biological reactions into optical and electrical signals. In the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), according to different disease hypotheses and targets, this technology plays an important role in confirming targets and screening active compounds. This paper briefly describes the pathogenesis of AD and the current situation of therapeutic drugs, introduces three biosensor analysis techniques commonly used in the discovery of AD drugs, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), biolayer interferometry (BLI) and fluorescence analysis technology, explains its basic principle and application progress, and summarizes their advantages and limitations respectively.

Progress in application of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging in clinical practice / 中国辐射卫生

@#The combination of conventional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) may display the morphological changes of lesions and distribution of imaging agents, which is effective to improve the imaging sensitivity and specificity of tumors and non-tumor diseases. SPECT/CT is feasible to analyze the anatomical structure and metabolic status through displaying multi-site lesions with single imaging, thereby improving differential diagnosis and diagnostic accuracy of diseases. In addition, the novel mixed SPECT/CT device shortens the duration of image acquisition and provides precise attenuation correction and fusion imaging, which provides a scientific basis for rational selection of treatment regimens in clinical practice. This review describes the advances in clinical application of SPECT/CT.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of kidney: Clinicopathology and prognosis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate and summarize the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis and prognosis analysis of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC).@*METHODS@#The data of thirteen cases of MTSCC were retrospectively analyzed, the clinical and pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical expression were summarized, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was detected.@*RESULTS@#Among the thirteen patients, four were males and nine females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶2.25. The average age was 57.1 years, ranging from 39 to 78 years. The maximum diameter of the tumor was 2-12 cm. All cases had no symptoms, and were accidentally discovered, 3 cases underwent partial renal resection, 10 cases underwent radical renal resection, 9 cases were located in the left kidney, and 4 cases were located in the right kidney. Most of the cases showed the classical morphological changes, with 11 cases of nuclear grading [World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system] being G2 and 2 cases being G3. There were 6 cases of stage PT1a, 3 cases of PT1b, 2 cases of PT2a, and 1 case of PT2b and 1 case of PT3a. The positive rates of immunohistochemical staining were: vimentin, AE1/AE3, α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (αMACR) and cytokeratin (CK) 8/18, 100% (13/13); CK7, 92.3% (12/13); epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), 92.3% (12/13); CK20, 46.2% (6/13); CD10, 30.8% (4/13); synaptophysin (Syn), 7.7% (1/13); chromogranin A (CgA), CD57, WT1 and Ki-67, 0 (0/13), and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that no trisomy of chromosomes 7 and 17 were observed in any of the cases. The follow-up period was 6 months to 7 years and 6 months, 2 cases died after lung metastasis (one with ISUP/WHO grade G3, one with necrosis), and the remaining 11 cases had no recurrence and metastasis.@*CONCLUSION@#MTSCC is a unique type of low-grade malignancy kidney tumor, occurs predominantly in females, widely distributed in age, the current treatment method is surgical resection, and cases with necrosis and high-grade morphology are prone to recurrence and metastasis, although most cases have a good prognosis, but they still need close follow-up after surgery.

Diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer using targeted biopsy with 6-core systematic biopsy for patients with PI-RADS 5 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of targeted biopsy (TBx), systematic biopsy (SBx), TBx+6-core SBx in prostate cancer (PCa) / clinically significant prostate cancer (cs-PCa) for patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score of 5, and thereby to explore an optimal sampling scheme.@*METHODS@#The data of 585 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) with at least one lesion of PI-RADS score 5 at Peking University First Hospital from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent mpMRI / transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) cognitive guided biopsy (TBx+SBx). With the pathological results of combined biopsy as the gold standard, we compared the diagnostic efficacy of TBx only, SBx only, and TBx+6-core SBx for PCa/csPCa. The patients were grouped according to mpMRI T-stage (cT2, cT3, cT4) and the detection rates of different biopsy schemes for PCa/csPCa were compared using Cochran's Q and McNemar tests.@*RESULTS@#Among 585 patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, 560 (95.7%) were positive and 25(4.3%) were negative via TBx+SBx. After stratified according to mpMRI T-stage, 233 patients (39.8%) were found in cT2 stage, 214 patients (36.6%) in cT3 stage, and 138 patients (23.6%) in cT4 stage. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of PCa/csPCa between TBx+6-core SBx and TBx+SBx (all P>0.999). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of PCa/csPCa between TBx and TBx+SBx in the cT2, cT3, and cT4 subgroups (PCa: P=0.203, P=0.250, P>0.999; csPCa: P=0.700, P=0.250, P>0.999). The missed diagnosis rate of SBx for PCa and csPCa was 2.1% (12/560) and 1.8% (10/549), and that of TBx for PCa and csPCa was 1.8% (10/560) and 1.4% (8/549), respectively. However, the detection rate of TBx+6-core SBx for PCa and csPCa was 100%. Compared with TBx+SBx, TBx and TBx+6-core SBx had a fewer number of cores and a higher detection rate per core (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, TBx and TBx+6-core SBx showed the same PCa/csPCa detection rates and a high detection rates per core as that of TBx+SBx, which can be considered as an optimal scheme for prostate biopsy.

Relationship between Notch signaling pathway and mitochondrial energy metabolism / 中华危重病急救医学

Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway in the process of evolution. It is composed of three parts: Notch receptor, ligand and effector molecules responsible for intracellular signal transduction. It plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, migration, apoptosis and other processes, and has a regulatory effect on tissue homeostasis and homeostasis. Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative metabolism in eukaryotes, where sugars, fats and proteins are finally oxidized to release energy. In recent years, the regulation of Notch signaling pathway on mitochondrial energy metabolism has attracted more and more attention. A large number of data have shown that Notch signaling pathway has a significant effect on mitochondrial energy metabolism, but the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and mitochondrial energy metabolism needs to be specifically and systematically discussed. In this paper, the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and mitochondrial energy metabolism is reviewed, in order to improve the understanding of them and provide new ideas for the treatment of related diseases.

Progress in application of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in tumor screening / 中国辐射卫生

@#Worldwide, the incidence of cancer is greatest in China. Tumor screening is effective to achieve early diagnosis, improve prognosis, increase the quality of life, and reduce mortality among cancer patients. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging provides metabolic data to support initial staging, treatment planning, and response evaluation in tumor screening, as well as tumor follow-up. The progressive integration of PET/CT imaging in radiotherapy has its basic principle in the biological heterogeneity of inter- and intra-tumor malignant lesions, and the radiation dose is required to be adjusted to achieve effective local tumor control among cancer patients. In addition, PET/CT imaging provides data on the biological features of tumor lesions, such as metabolism, hypoxia, and proliferation, which is useful to identify radiation-resistant regions and optimize treatment plans. These data are effective to reduce the uncertainty and variability in the anatomic description of tumor sites. This review summarizes the application of PET/CT imaging in common tumors.

Recent advances in poly phosphate kinase (PPK) and the construction of PPK-mediated ATP regeneration system / 生物工程学报

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration systems are essential for efficient biocatalytic phosphoryl transfer reactions. Polyphosphate kinase (PPK) is a versatile enzyme that can transfer phosphate groups among adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), ATP, and polyphosphate (Poly P). Utilization of PPK is an attractive solution to address the problem of ATP regeneration due to its ability to use a variety of inexpensive and stable Poly P salts as phosphate group donors. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of different types of PPKs, as well as the variations in enzyme activity, catalytic efficiency, stability, and coenzyme preference observed in PPKs from different sources. Moreover, recent advances in PPK-mediated ATP regeneration systems and protein engineering of wild-type PPK are summarized.

Seroprevalence of anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody in the elderly attending physical examination in a district of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the seroprevalence of anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae immunoglobulin G （IgG） antibody and its risk factors in the elderly attending physical examination. MethodsTwo communities were randomly selected， in which the elderly aged over 60 years attending physical examination in the community health care centers were included in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted， companied by examination for serum anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibody. In addition， data of physical examination was collected. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to determine the risk factors associated with seroprevalence of anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody. ResultsA total of 635 participants were included. The average age was （73.2±7.4） years old. Forty-nine （7.72%） participants tested positive for anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibody. The seroprevalence differed by gender （6.49% in male and 8.86% in female）， smoking （5.48% in smokers and 8.01% in non-smokers）， history of pneumonia （7.89% in those suffered from pneumonia in the past year and 7.71% in those didn’t have pneumonia）， history of common cold （10.38% in those had common cold in the past year and 5.87% in those didn’t have cold）， obesity （15.62% in those with obesity and 6.83% in those without obesity）. Further multivariate logistic regression showed the seroprevalence of anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG significantly increased in the elderly with history of common cold （OR： 2.24； 95%CI： 1.21‒4.14）and obesity （OR： 2.81； 95%CI： 1.26‒6.26）. ConclusionSeroprevalence of anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibody is low in the elderly attending physical examination. It warrants improving the vaccination of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for the elderly with obesity and susceptibility to common cold.

Application of OTD combined with clinical pathway teaching method in the teaching of nursing standardized training in operating room / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of OTD (observation, teaching and discussion) teaching combined with clinical pathway in nursing standardized training in operating room.Methods:A total of 50 nurses who were trained in the Operating Room of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from August 2017 to June 2020 were selected and divided into control group and study group according to the rotation order, with 25 nurses in each group. Traditional teaching was used in the control group, and OTD teaching combined with clinical pathway was used in the study group. After the rotation training, the teaching effect was evaluated through the assessment of theoretical knowledge and clinical practice comprehensive ability, teaching satisfaction, and the satisfaction scores of participating surgeons and patients. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test and chi-square test. Results:The results of theoretical assessment, clinical skill assessment and comprehensive ability assessment of operating room of the rotating nurses in the study group were higher than those in the control group, with significant difference ( P < 0.05). The study group was significantly better than the control group in 8 aspects, including learning initiative, stimulating learning interest, problem-solving ability, communication ability, clinical thinking ability, teamwork ability, critical thinking ability and teaching satisfaction ( P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of doctors [(94.06±2.67) vs. (92.17±2.75)] and patients [(94.90±3.22) vs. (91.25±3.10)] in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:OTD teaching combined with clinical pathway can help to improve the theoretical knowledge, clinical practice comprehensive skills and teaching satisfaction of nursing students in operating room, and then improve the teaching quality.

Study on the mechanism of Tongqi Powder in the treatment of otitis media with effusion based on network pharmacology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of Tongqi Powder in the treatment of Otitis Media with Effusion based on network pharmacology.Methods:TCMSP platform was used to screen out the effective components and targeted proteins of Tongqi Powder, and UniProt database was used to map the targeted genes of it. The related targets of Otitis Media with Effusion were obtained based on OMIM, DisGeNET, GeneCards and other databases, finding that the common target of Tongqi Powder and Otitis Media with Effusion was the predicted target, Then, a medicine- component-target-disease network was obtained by using Cytoscape software. Repeated targets were imported into the STRING platform to construct a PPI network of protein interactions. Go enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the target of Tongqi Powder by Metascape platform.Results:There were 37 effective components and 211 targets of Tongqi Powder, and the key active components included quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, β-sitosterol, etc. There were 1 431 disease targets, 76 co-acting targets of Tongqi Powder and Otitis Media with Effusion, and the key targets included TNF, JUN, AKT1, etc. A total of 273 signal pathways were obtained by enrichment analysis.Conclusion:Tongqi Powder could suppress the development of Otitis Media with Effusion through AGE-RAGE, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, cancer pathway, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor and other signaling pathways.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-RCC).@*METHODS@#Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of fumarate hydratase (FH) in tumor tissues of 109 different types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients aged 60 years and younger from the Department of Urology of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to December 2019. The clinicopathological data and prognosis of FH-RCC were collected and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were eleven patients with FH-negative expression. Seven were males and four females. The age of onset ranged 16-53 years (mean age: 36.7 years), and four female patients all had a history of uterine leiomyoma. Only one first-degree relative of one patient had renal cancer, and none of the patients had a history or family history of cutaneous leiomyomas. The diameter of the tumor was 2.1-12.0 cm (mean: 8.83 cm). Renal sinus or perirenal fat invasion was seen in nine cases, tumor thrombus in renal vein or inferior vena cava in six cases, lymph node metastasis in seven cases, adrenal gland invasion in four cases and splenic capsule invasion in one case. The cases were initially diagnosed as type Ⅱ papillary RCC (7/49, 14.3%), collecting duct carcinoma (2/9, 22.2%) and unclassified RCC (2/51, 3.9%). Tumor histopathology mostly showed a mixture of different structures, such as papillary, tubular cystic, solid, and so on. The most common histological structures were papillary (9/11, 81.8%) and tubular (8/11, 72.7%). Three cases had sarcomatoid areas. At least focal eosinophilic nucleolus (WHO/grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ) and perinuclear halo could be seen in all cases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains of most tumors were negative for CA9, CD10 and CK7. The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that there was no translocation or amplification of TFE3 gene in two cases with TFE3 IHC expression. All the patients were followed up for 11-82 months. Mean survival was 24 months. Five cases died of distant metastasis 9-31 months after operation (mean: 19 months), and five of the six patients alive had became metastatic.@*CONCLUSION@#Morphologically, FH-RCC overlaps with many types cell RCC. A mixture of papillary and tubular cystic arrangement is the most common growth pattern of FH-RCC. At least focally large and obvious eosinophilic nucleoli are an important histological feature of this tumor. The negative expression of FH can help to confirm the diagnosis. Young female RCC patients with uterine leiomyomas should be suspected of FH-RCC. Some FH-RCC cases lack clinical evidence. The suspicion raised by pathologists based on histological characteristics is often the key step to further genetic testing and the final diagnosis of the tumor.

A clinical analysis of 14 cases of prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and survival of prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential.@*METHODS@#Overall 14 patients with prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential were treated from October 2008 to April 2020, the patient age ranged from 27 to 78 years (mean 54 years). The disease duration was 1 to 180 months (mean duration of 46 months). The clinical manifestations mainly included urinary obstructive symptoms and urethral irritating symptoms. The tumors were located in the peripheral zone or the transition zone. Digital rectum examination indicated prostatic tumor. Serum prostatic specific antigen level was always normal or elevated. Transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated prostatic tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging in showed large, round, well-defined masses, which were diffusely heterogeneous signal on T2 weighted imaging. Following the administration of intravenous contrast medium, the lesion had diffuse and heterogeneous enhancement.@*RESULTS@#In the study, 3 cases underwent prostate biopsy, 2 cases underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, 9 cases underwent radical excision or transurethral resection of the prostate with definite diagnosis of pathologic features. Under the light microscope, the interstitial cells of stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential were overgrowth and fusiform cells showed some degree of pleomorphism, nuclei with few mitotic figures, and necrosis was not often seen. Immunohistochemical staining showed that prostate specific antigen was negative, while vimentin was positive in the tumor tissue, CD34, progesterone receptor and smooth muscle actin were positive in the majority, and Ki67 positive index was 1%-20% (mean 6%). Twelve cases were followed-up, and the time of survival varied from 10 to 96 months (mean 65 months), two cases were lost to the follow-up, one case died of disease at the end of 10 months, nine cases were free of disease recurrence after surgery, two cases underwent more transurethral resection of the prostate due to local recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#STUMP is a very rare tumor of the specialized prostatic stroma with an unpredictable clinical behavior. The clinical manifestations, transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are valuable for the diagnosis of prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential. Its definite diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Up to now, early surgery and combined therapy are effective treatments for prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential.

Evaluation and prediction of therapeutic response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer by diffusion weighted imaging / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer on diffusion weighted imaging base on the pathological results after radical prostatectomy.Methods Medical records of 33 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and radical prostatectomy between January 2016 and September 2019 at Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Average age of patients was 67.7 (49-81) years old.All of the patients underwent prostate MRI examination before and after neoadjuvant ADT.Results Mean prostate volume after neoadjuvant ADT is 28.5 (6.25-113.76) em3,which decreased significantly by therapy (Z =-4.458,P ＜ 0.05).Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values increased significantly in tumor (1.070 ± 0.325) vs.(0.828 ± 0.291) × 10-3 mm2/s (P ＜ 0.001) and decreased in benign prostatic tissue (P ＜ 0.05).Relative changes in ADC differed significantly between low-median level ISUP group and high level ISUP group (0.315 ± 0.173) vs.(0.164 ± 0.224) × 10-3 mm2/s (P ＜ 0.05),as well as obvious reaction group and focal reaction group(0.278 ± 0.21) vs.(0.094 ± 0.119) × 10-3 mm2/s (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There were significant,quantitative measurable changes of ADC value in prostate cancer after neoadjuvant ADT.DWI can be used to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant ADT for prostate cancer as well as predicting pathological features.

Comparative transcriptome and co-expression analysis reveal key genes involved in leaf margin serration in Perilla frutescens / 中草药·英文版

Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify the genes involved in leaf margin serration in Perilla frutescens. P. frutescens (Family: Lamiaceae) is widely grown in Asian countries. Perilla leaf is the medicinal part stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There are mainly two types of perilla leaves: one with serrated leaf margin which is the phenotype described in the pharmacopoeia and the other with smooth leaf margin. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing, co-expression analysis, and qRT-PCR analysis of six perilla tissues sampled from two different phenotypes (serrated and smooth leaves) were performed. Results: Forty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may potentially regulate leaf shape, were identified through de novo transcriptome sequencing between the two groups. Genes involved in leaf shape regulation were identified. Simultaneously, we validated five DEGs by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. In addition, 1186 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 45 TF families were identified. Moreover, the co-expression network of DEGs was constructed. Conclusion: The study identified the key genes that control leaf shape by comparing the transcriptomes. Our findings also provide basic data for further exploring P. frutescens, which can help study the mechanism of leaf shape development and molecular breeding.

LC-MS/MS analysis of pazufloxacin in human plasma and otorrhea: application to a pharmacokinetic study of ear drops / 药学学报

Pazufloxacin eardrops are a topical quinolone agent for the treatment of outer ear infection. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and topical distribution of pazufloxacin eardrops by a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determining pazufloxacin in plasma and otorrhea. Plasma and otorrhea samples were extracted by acetonitrile-induced protein precipitation and were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis with an electrospray ionization interface. The samples were separated on an HSS T3 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). To avoid the matrix effect, gradient elution was performed with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 1 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution (0.1% formic acid). The ion transitions for pazufloxacin and pazufloxacin-d4 were m/z 319.1→281.2 and m/z 323.1→285.2, respectively, under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was linear in the range of 0.010 0 - 8.00 ng·mL-1 for pazufloxacin in plasma and 0.500 - 1 000 ng·mg-1 in otorrhea. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision for pazufloxacin in plasma and in otorrhea met acceptable criteria. The clinical trial was approved by the Society of Ethics and conducted in Nanjing First Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital. The validated methods were used in a systemic and topical pharmacokinetic study of 0.1% pazufloxacin eardrops in 3 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Behavioral problems of HIV infected children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the behavioral problems of children infected with HIV, and to provide reference for further psychological intervention.@*Methods@#The survey was conducted from January to December 2017. A total of 256 HIV-infected 10-16 years old school-aged children who were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention were invited to participate. Another 256 children without HIV infection who were matched with sex and age were selected as the control group. Achenbach Children’s Behavior Scale was used to conduct psychological questionnaires in the two groups of children.@*Results@#Activity, social competence, and learning ability in the study group scored lower than control group (P<0.05). In children with HIV infection group, score of social competence in boys and girls aged 10-11 years were (14.35±3.96) (15.26±5.00), respectively, and was (14.21±4.64) and (14.57±5.50) in boys and girls aged 12-16 years was significantly lower than age and sex-matched control group (19.38±6.77 and 18.09±5.16 in boys and girls aged 10-11 years, 17.26±6.88 and 17.84±6.76 in boys and girls aged 12-16 years) (P<0.05). The total detection rate of behavioral problems in the study group (13% and 10% in boys and girls aged 10-11 years, 17% and 13% in boys and girls aged 12-16 years) was significantly higher than that in the control group (5% and 3% in boys and girls aged 10-11 years, both 4% in boys and girls aged 12-16 years) (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Behavioral problems in HIV-infected children are prevalent, which worth more attention to carry out psychological intervention among this vulnerable population.

Preparation,Characterization and in Vitro and in Vivo Absorption Characteristics of Daidzein Nanosuspension Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To prepare daidzein nanosuspension capsules,and to investigate intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability by comparing with commercial daidzein capsules. Method:Daidzein nanosuspensions were prepared by precipitation method combined with high pressure homogenization,orthogonal design method was utilized to optimize its formulation.Daidzein nanosuspensions was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and indexes including mean particle size,polydispersity index(PDI),and Zeta potential.Intestinal absorption study was carried out to compare the accumulative permeated amount of daidzein from daidzein nanosuspensions and commercial daidzein capsules.Biodistribution of daidzein in gastrointestinal tract was investigated,and oral bioavailability was examined through pharmacokinetic study by HPLC. Result:The in vitro small intestinal absorption enhancement ratio of daidzein nanosuspension capsules was approximately 2.49-fold higher than that of commercial capsules(PConclusion:Daidzein nanosuspensions prepared by combined method can be applied to the production of capsules,which is beneficial to increase the absorption of drug in small intestine and improve its bioavailability after oral administration.

Cloning and expression characteristics of tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH) from silkworm, Bombyx mori / 生物工程学报

The biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an ancient intracellular signaling molecule widely distributed in all animals with nervous systems, and has been implicated in principal behaviors. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH) induces a highly specific catalytic reaction that converts L-tryptophan (tryptophan) to 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) that is subsequently used as a substrate by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) to form 5-HT. Five-HT is an ancient intracellular signaling molecule that is widely distributed in the animal kingdom and has been implicated in regulating the behaviors of animals with nervous systems. However, the role of TRH in Lepidoptera is not well understood. In this study, we cloned 1 667 bp cDNAs of Bombyx mori TRH (BmTRH), which contains a 1 632 bp open reading frame (ORF). Homology analysis revealed that BmTRH shared high amino acid identity with Homo sapiens TPH and Drosophila TRH (DmTRH). The high homology (70%) of BmTRH with DmTRH suggested that BmTRH could have a function similar to DmTRH. Gene expression analysis revealed that BmTRH was mainly expressed in head and central nervous (CNS). Moreover, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses showed that BmTRH was detected only in larval nervous tissues. Taken together, our results indicate that BmTRH could likely function in the regulation of neural activities in B. mori. The transcripts of B. mori decarboxylase (BmDDC) and B. mori phenylalanine hydroxylase (BmPAH) whose proteins had TRH activity, were also expressed in the CNS tissues, indicating that unlike in Drosophila, two distinct mechanisms likely regulate 5-HT synthesis in silkworm.

Comparison Study of Drug GMP Compliance Inspection Information and Its Database between China and America / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for further improving China’s Good Manufacturing Practice （GMP） compliance inspection information and the construction of related database. METHODS： The relevant information on drug GMP compliance inspections from the websites of drug administration departments in China and America were collected， compared and analyzed from the aspects of the format and content of inspection report， annual report and database construction. The suggestions were put forward for the improvement of China’s drug inspection information and related databases. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： There was a large gap in the compliance inspection information and database functions between China NMPA and US FDA. For the drug GMP compliance inspection information， US FDA had established a special database to facilitate the public to use the search information， and had advanced search capabilities. At present， the database in China was not perfect and not a true meaningful database. It can only be browsed in order， and had almost no search function. In the content of drug GMP compliance inspection information， US FDA had made scientific and humanized measures for the description of defects， the advice or assistance provided to enterprises， and the confidentiality of key data， and the publication was timely. The details of the flight/tracking inspection notifications related to drug GMP compliance inspection issued by China CFDI were slightly poorer， and the classification of defects was not clear. The period from the end of the inspection to the release of the notification was longer. It is suggested that China’s drug GMP compliance inspection information and database functions should be improved from expanding the types and scope of GMP inspection information， improving the search function， and providing database instruction manual and refining the report content.

Function of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EF4 in response to stress / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the function of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EF4 protein in re-sponse to stress. Methods The plasmid pSMT-EF4 encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis EF4 protein was transformed into Escherichia coli ( E. coli) BL21 to make it express EF4 protein. The successfully trans-formed E. coli BL21 strains were cultured under different stress conditions and the growth curves were recor-ded to study the function of EF4 protein in response to stress. Results In three media containing ampicil-lin, G418 and streptomycin respectively, the growth of E. coli BL21 expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis EF4 protein was better than that of untransformed E. coli BL21, and significant differences were observed after culturing for 6 h, 9 h and 2 h, respectively. No significant difference in bacterial growth was found be-tween experimental and control groups cultured under the condition of H2 O2-containing medium, pH3, 20℃or 45℃. Conclusion E. coli BL21 overexpressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis EF4 protein showed certain resistance to antibiotics. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EF4 protein was not directly involved in responses to oxi-dative, acidic and temperature stresses.