Analysis of Epstein Barr virus infection in 761 hospitalized children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the status of EB virus (EBV) infection and the spectrum of EBV infection-related diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 761 plasma samples with suspected EBV infection were collected from 761 children (aged from 22 days to 14 years) admitted between August 2010 and July 2011. EBV-DNA of 761 plasma samples was detected by real-time PCR. The epidemiological characteristics and final clinical diagnosis were analyzed based on the clinical data of these EBV-positive hospitalized patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 109 cases with EBV infection were detected by real-time PCR, with a positive rate of 14.3%. There were significant differences in the positive rate of EBV-DNA among different age groups and between seasons (P<0.05). The positive rate of EBV-DNA in the baby group (<1 year old) was lowest (P<0.05), and the positive rate of EBV-DNA in summer was higher than in winter (P<0.05). The range of plasma EBV-DNA level in children with EBV-DNA positivity was 2.13 to 6.69 (median 3.72). Based on the final diagnosis of 62 EBV-positive hospitalized children, the most common disease was respiratory system infection (39%), such as acute bronchitis, acute upper respiratory infection and bronchopneumonia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The EBV-DNA positive rate is different among different age groups and between seasons. Respiratory system infection is a leading disease in hospitalized children who are EBV-DNA positive. Real-time PCR assay is useful for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis of EBV in children.</p>

Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis and common respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection in Nanjing / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the nonbacterial pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was determined by quantitative PCR in the nasopharyngeal samples from 1 592 hospitalized children with ARI. Common respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza virus types A and B (IVA and IVB), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3(PIV-1, 2, 3) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), were detected using direct immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MP and CT were detected in 25.7% and 2.4% of the 1 592 samples respectively. The overall positive rate of respiratory viruses was 40.9%. Among the viruses, the top detected virus was RSV (61.3%), followed by PIV-3 (6.7%) and hMPV (4.9%). Mixed infection among MP, CT and viruses was observed in 107 cases (6.7%). The infants under 1 year old were susceptible to mix-infection (68/107, 63.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Respiratory virus is the main pathogen responsible for ARI in children from Nanjing. RSV is the most commonly identified virus. MP is also the frequently identified pathogen for ARI in children. Mixed infection is common in infants under 1 year old.</p>

Statistical analysis on 2213 inpatients with traffic injuries from January 2003 to September 2005 in Ningbo city / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological conditions and characteristics of inpatients with traffic trauma in order to provide objective data for basic research and clinical application of traffic trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 2213 inpatients with traffic trauma admitted to Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Centre, Ningbo, China, from January 2003 to September 2005 were studied retrospectively. According to the transportation ways, the patients were divided into four groups: pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, and automobilists. And the data of injured regions, combined injuries and causes of death were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 2213 patients, there were 550 pedestrians (23.5%), 521 bicyclists (24.9%), 738 motorcyclists (33.3%), and 404 automobilists (18.3%). Male patients were more than female ones, with the ratio of male to female of 2.8:1. Single region injury was found in 1663 patients (75.15%) and multiple injuries in 550 patients (24.85%). In total, 2849 regions were injured. Fracture of extremities (53.3%) occurred most often, craniocerebral trauma (19.4%) next, then followed in turn by thoraco-abdominal visceral injury (6.56%), spine fracture (5.37%), fracture of ribs (4.88%), and pelvic fracture (4.18%). The percentage of multiple injuries (33.2%) was highest and the percentage of thoraco-abdominal injury (18.0%) was higher in motorcyclists. The percentages of craniocerebral trauma in pedestrians and bicyclists were 27.8% and 28.2%, respectively. The incidence of fracture of extremities in motorcyclists reached 73.8%, but with the lowest case-fatality ratio of 1.4%. The incidence of traffic accidents caused by motorcyclists themselves (32.8%) was highest. A total of 56 patients died, with the case-fatality ratio of 2.53%. Among the deaths, 47 died from craniocerebral injury, 6 from multiple fractures combined with hemorrhagic shock, 2 from combined injury in the thoraco-abdominal region, and 1 from cervical cord injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Nowadays, the patients with traffic trauma are mainly pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists, and they suffer generally from fracture of extremities and craniocerebral injury. The main cause of death is craniocerebral injury. Another characteristic of traffic trauma is that the ratio of multiple injuries is higher.</p>

Existant quality problems and suggestions for quality control of medical absorbent cotton / 中国医疗器械杂志

In the process of acid hydrolysis of medical absorbent cotton, we have discovered that some of the domestic manufactured medical absorbent cotton is mixed with wasted non-cotton chemical fiber. If the cotton is used in medical treatments, the chemical fiber will cause irritation, allergy and inflammation, so it's very harmful. But the non-cotton fiber content is not stipulated in the standard of YY0330-2002, and no testing method for it is available. In this paper we discuss the existent quality problems, the control and the test method for non-cotton chemical fiber in medical absorbent cotton.