Dihydromyricetin inhibits PC12 cell injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by up-regulating autophagy activity / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on cell injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in PC12 cells and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS After being pretreated with DMY 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol · L-1 for 0.5 h, PC12 cells were incubated with DMEM culture medium including autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) 10 mmol · L-1 and MPP+500μmol·L-1 for 48 h. MTT Assay was used to test the viability of PC12 cells. The level of lactate dehy-dregenase (LDH) was measured colorimetrically. The ultrastructure of PC12 cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Expressions of autophagy related protein, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with cell control group, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the level of LDH was signifi-cantly increased, the number of autophagosomes was obviously decreased, the percentage of autophagic vacuoles in the total cytoplasm area was significantly decreased (P<0.05), expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰ were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05) and the expres-sion of p62 was significantly up-regulated in MPP+group (P<0.05). Compared with MPP+group, the cell survival rate was significantly increased, while the level of LDH was significantly decreased in MPP++DMY 10-80 μmol · L-1 group (P<0.05). Compared with MPP+ group, the number of autophagosomes obviously increased, the percentage of autophagic vacuoles in the total cytoplasm area was significantly increased, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰwere significantly up-regulated and the expression of p62 was significantly down-regulated in MPP++DMY 20 μmol · L-1 group (P<0.05). Compared with MPP++DMY 20μmol · L-1 group, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, but the level of LDH was significantly increased in MPP ++DMY+3-MA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION DMY may inhibit the cell injury induced by MPP+in PC12 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of autophagy activity induced by DMY.

Modified osteotomy of olecranon for the management of inter-condylar fracture of the humerus / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the surgical method and clinical outcome of modified osteotomy of olecranon for the treatment of inter-condylar fracture of humerus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2007 to December 2012, 32 patients of intercondylar fracture of humerus were treated surgically through the approach of modified osteotomy of olecranon. The patients were 21 males and 11 females with a mean age of 46.3 years (ranged 18 to 65 years). Nineteen fractures occurred on the right extremity and 13 on the left extremity. According to the AO classification, type C1 fracture was found in 7, C2 in 11 and C3 in 14. Five patients suffered from open fracture (Gustilo type Iin 3, type II in 2). Other fractures occurred in 6 patients and the primary injury of nerve occurred 6. The healing of the osteotomy was evaluated with physical examination and plain X-ray film, and the function of elbow was assessed according to Cassebaum scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed from 9 months to 5 years(average, 1.9 years). All the osteotomies healed at 7.4 weeks averagely after operation, and no nonunion, delayed union, fracture of ulna olecranon were found. Two cases had little pain on the elbow, heterotopic ossification occurred in 2 cases and cutting bone block loosed in 1 case. The function of the elbow showed excellent in 19 cases, good in 8, fair in 4 and poor in 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The use of the approach of modified olecranon osteotomy for surgical management of intercondylar fracture of humerus has some advantages, it provides satisfactory stability with simple technical procedures avoiding inter-articular invasion, and it facilitates rehabilitation exercises and providing good results with low complication rates.</p>

Modified Stoppa approach in treatment of bilateral pubic branch fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of modified Stoppa approach in treatment of bilateral pubic fractures of pelvic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The therapeutic effects of 16 patients with bilateral pubic fractures treated through the modified Stoppa approach from January 2010 to January 2014 were summarized and analyzed, involved 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 40.5 years old ranging from 17 to 59 years. According to Tile classification, there were 8 patients with type A, 6 with type B and 2 with type C. For 16 pelvic fractures, the modified Stoppa approach was used exclusively 11 cases, in combination with the iliac fossa approach in 4 cases, and in combination with the posterior approach in 1 case. The operation incision length, operation time , intra-operative blood loss and postoperative complications were observed. The fracture reduction and post-operative function were assessed by Matta criteria and Majeed system respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incision length of the modified Stoppa approach ranged from 8 to 10 cm (averaged in 9 cm). The operation time ranged from 75 to 135 minutes (averaged in 95 minutes). The intra-operative blood loss ranged from 400 to 900 ml (averaged in 600 ml). Sixteen patients were followed up from 7 to 18 months (averaged in 12.5 months). The fractures were all healed, the fracture healing time was 2.7 to 5 months (means 3.1 months). There were no infections, ectopic ossification, screw loosening, plate breakage and lateral ventral syndrome. According to Matta criteria for pubic fracture reduction, the result was excellent in 9 cases, good in 6, fair in 1. The Majeed function scores at 6 months after operation was 85.32±8.50; the result was excellent in 8 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The modified Stoppa approach has characteristics of convenience and directness of incisions, clear operation field, easy reduction, few complications and fast recovery , it is an ideal choice in surgical treatment of bilateral pubic fractures.</p>

Reversed sural neurovascular fasciocutaneous flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of lower limbs / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical application of the reversed sural neurovascular fasciocutaneous flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to May 2009,10 patients (6 males and 4 females) with soft tissue defects on lower limbs were treated by reversed sural neurovascular fasciocutaneous flap. The end-to-side neuroanastomosis were used to reinnervate the flap and microsurgery was used for anastomosing small saphenous vein. The age ranged from 16 to 55 years (mean, 32 years). There were 6 patient with soft tissue defects on foot, 2 patients with exposed bone after operation, 2 patients with chronic ulcer on limb. The patients were evaluated with appearance, blood supply, texture and 2-PD of the flaps.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed for 6 to 24 months (mean, 15 months). The flaps in all 10 patients survived completely. The appearance, blood supply and texture of the flaps were excellent and 2-PD was 9 to 12 mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This flap has sufficient blood supply and high survival rate. It also effectively retains the feeling of dorsolateral heeland improved quality of life.</p>

Surgical treatment of tibia plateau fractures with external fixator and the locking plate / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of the treatment for complex fractures of the tibial plateau through the application of the external fixator and the locking plate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Feb. 2006 to Oct. 2008,12 patients with tibial plateau fractures were treated with external fixator and locking plate included 8 males and 4 females with an average age of 38 years ranging from 23 to 59. According to Schatzker type, 7 cases were type V and 5 cases were type VI. Using an anteromedial incision and an anterolateral approach, the locking plate were fixed in the tibia lateral. The collapse and height lossing of tibial plateau was observed through X-ray film before and after operation. The function of knee joint was evaluated according to HSS scoring.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>These patients were followed up for 4 to 18 months (means 9.79 months). Eleven cases had bone primary union,and 1 delayed union. No deep phlebothrombosis and osteofascial compartment syndrome occurened. The average healing time was 3.1 months. Between the preoperative and postoperative X-ray film there were no second stage depression fracture of the tibial plateau,postoperative reduction loss and bad alignment. The range of knee flexion was 90 degrees to 110 degrees. The HSS knee functional scoring was(75.50 +/- 10.01)scores after operation and (21.50 +/- 11.68) scores before operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment with the external fixator and the locking plate for complex fractures of the tibial plateau could provid continuous stability of fixation,prevent the fracture from second stage displacement and the knee force line change, protect the soft-tissue around the knee, reduce the postoperative complications. The knee joint function is satisfied.</p>