Postoperative clinicopathological features of the patients with micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma / 医学研究生学报

Objective　Studies are rarely reported on the factors influencing prognosis of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma with a micropapillary pattern (LAC-MPP). This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of surgically resected LAC-MPP. Methods　We retrospectively analyzed 384 cases of LAC treated in Henan Cancer Hospital between June 2015 and December 2017, which were classified into an MPP group (n = 82) and a non-MPP control group (n = 302) according to the results of postoperative pathology. We determined the expression of the fusion protein anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), analyzed its association with the clinicopathological features of LAC-MPP, and explored the risk factors of postoperative MPP. Results　Compared with the non-MPP group, the LAC-MPP patients showed a significantly higher expression of ALK (0.03% vs 12.20%, P < 0.05), rate of bronchial invasion (30.80% vs 48.78%, P < 0.05) and vascular tumor thrombus (0.99% vs 25.61%, P < 0.05), but a lower mutation rate of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (64.24% vs 51.22%, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the expression of ALK, vascular tumor thrombus, and age were significantly associated with the risk of postoperative MPP. Conclusion　There is a high incidence rate of ALK expression in LAC-MPP patients after operation, which may provide some new ideas for the clinical treatment of the disease. Special attention should be paid to the expression of the ALK fusion protein and vascular tumor thrombus, and age in patients with LAC-MPP after operation.

Treatment of small cell lung cancer: Challenges and prospects / 医学研究生学报

Currently, chemotherapy remains the first- and second-line standard treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). line treatment strategies. In terms of targeted therapies, the antibody-conjugated drug lubbinectedin was granted Orphan Drug Designation by US FDA for its objective response rate of 39.3%. Goals have been achieved in the primary endpoint of progression-free survival, secondary endpoint overall survival and disease control rate of the third-line or further treatment of SCLC in phase-II ALTER 1202 trial of anlotinib, with satisfactory therapeutic results. Anlotinib maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy, anlotinib combined with immunotherapy, and identification of the population truly suitable for anlotinib treatment will be most important directions for the future studies.

Efficacy and safety of etoposide for maintenance therapy of small-cell lung cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objective Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is generally sensitive to first-line therapy,but it has poor long-term efficacy,short-term recurrence and low sensitivity of second-line therapy.The study aimed to investigate the impact of etoposide capsule for the maintenance therapy of extensive stage SCLC. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 82 patients with extensive SCLC treated in Tumor Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to September 2015.The patients were divided into etoposide group(n=45,oral etoposide treatment after first-line chemotherapy)and control group(n=45,regular review after first-line therapy). Comparison was conducted in progression-free survival(PFS),total survival time(OS)and adverse reactions between two groups. Results The median PFS of etoposide group was higher than that of control group(3.5months vs 2.8months,P=0.012). The one-year and two-year survival rates of etoposide group were significantly higher than those of control group(59.5% vs 43.9%, 12.6% vs 4.9%,P<0.05). The analysis of Cox proportional hazard model showed first-line therapy(RR=2.036,95%CI:1.127~3.676)and BMI≥25(RR=0.598,95%CI:0.359~0.997),<18(RR=4.607,95%CI:2.203~9.631)were the risk factors for survival. No significant difference was found as to the risk of adverse effects be-tween two groups. Conclusion Maintenance therapy with oral eto-poside may improve progression-free-survival(PFS)in patients with extensive SCLC,which is safe and practical for maintenance therapy.

The development of cell-penetrating peptides in drug delivery system / 药学学报

Cell membrane serves as the natural barrier. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been a powerful vehicle for the intracellular delivery of a large variety of cargoes cross the cell membrane. The efficiency of intracellular delivery of drugs, proteins, peptides and nucleic acid, as well as various nanoparticu-late pharmaceutical carriers (e.g., liposomes, polymeric micelles and inorganic nanoparticles) has been demon-strated both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the CPPs-based strategy for intracellular delivery of small molecule drugs, proteins, peptides, nucleic acid and CPP-modified nanocarriers.

Study of high-risk corneal transplantation rejection and the expression of VEGF-C/D / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the expression and the significance of VEGF-C/D in rat cornea after alkali burning as well as the role of lymphangiogenesis in the high-risk corneal transplantation rejection. ●METHODS:The model of alkali burn corneal was made. Different times corneas were taken to electron microscope for vascularization, and examined the expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in l, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28d. The other rat cornea after alkali burn were divided into four parts to penetrate keratoplasty, containing only blood vessels in the cornea ( group A ) , angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis ( group B ) , lymphangiogenesis degenerating period ( group C ) , angiogenesis degenerating period ( group D ) . ln addition, there are also normal groups ( group N ) to compare the Rl values and survival time of corneal graft. ●RESULTS: Electron microscopy showed that, when the first 7d rat cornea appeared neovascularization after alkali burn, but not lymphangiogenesis. The occurrence of new blood vessels and lymphatic in 2wk. There were no obvious lymphangiogenesis in 5wk and the angiogenesis gradually subside in 8 wk. The expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in the corneas of rats were up-regulated in the third days after the injury, and reached its peaks at 5d. The average survival time of group N, A, B, C, D were (14.25±0.62)d, (9.35±1.02)d, (5.06±1.13)d, (8.71±0.83) d, (9. 44±1. 05)d after transplant cornea. Compared to the rest of the group, group B plant average survival time significantly shortened (P ● CONCLUSION: VEGF - C/D and VEGFR - 3 are expressed significantly after corneal alkali burn. New lymphatic vessels can accelerate high - risk corneal transplantation immune rejection.

Expression of excision repair cross-complementation gene in drug-resistant process of carboplatin administration in tongue squamous cell cancer (Tca8113) / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlations between the resistant degree of Tca8113 agaist carboplatin and the expression of excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC-1).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tca8113 cells were exposed in the carboplatin solutions of gradually increasing concentration. Cancer cells were divided into six experimental groups and a control group. In the course of culture, the half inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of each groups were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The expressions of ERCC-1 at mRNA and protein level were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the increase of drug resistance, the expression of ERCC-1 increased gradually at mRNA level (control group: 0.84 ± 0.06, group 1: 0.96 ± 0.06, group 2: 1.07 ± 0.11, group 3: 1.13 ± 0.09, group 4: 1.19 ± 0.08, group 5: 1.29 ± 0.07, group 6: 1.47 ± 0.08), values between neighboring or interval groups have significant differences (P < 0.05); the expression of ERCC-1 increased gradually at protein level (control group: 0.69 ± 0.05, group 1: 0.86 ± 0.04, group 2: 1.01 ± 0.04, group 3: 1.24 ± 0.09, group 4: 1.44 ± 0.14, group 5: 1.56 ± 0.19, group 6: 1.88 ± 0.22), values between neighboring or interval groups have significant differences (P < 0.05). The gradually increasing RT-PCR gray values were related to the gradually increasing IC(50) in all groups (r = 0.91, P < 0.01), and the gradually increasing western blotting gray values were also related to the gradually increasing IC(50) in all groups (r = 0.88, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The high expression of ERCC-1 may become an indicator of Tca8113 resisting carboplatin. This might provide a potential target to reverse tongue squamous cell cancer (Tca8113) that has resistance to carboplatin.</p>

Establishment of BGC-823/WTX-EGFP gastric cancer cell line stably expressing Wilms tumor gene on X chromosome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the BGC-823/WTX-EGFP gastric cancer cell line with stable expression of Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (MTX) for functional analysis of WTX gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full-length WTX cDNA was amplified from human embryonic kidney 293FT cells and cloned into the pEGFP-N1 vector containing the reporter gene of green fluorescence protein. The recombinant pEGFP-WTX expression vector, after digestion by restriction enzyme to identify the size of target gene fragment, was transfected into 293FT cells and the expression of fluorescent reporter gene was observed under fluorescence microscope. pEGFP-WTX vector was transfected into human gastric cancer BGC-823 cell line to establish BGC-823/WTX-EGFP cell line stably expressing WTX. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect the expression of WTX in both BGC-823/WTX-EGFP and control BGC-823 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recombinant pEGFP-WTX plasmid was successfully constructed and verified by PCR and sequencing. The mRNA and protein expressions of MTX were significantly increased in BGC-823/WTX-EGFP cells as compared with those in the control cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The full-length WTX expression vector (pEGFP-WTX) and BGC-823/WTX-EGFP gastric cancer cell line have been successfully established to facilitate further functional study of WTX gene.</p>

Mechanism of combined use of cyclopamine and hydroxycamptothecin in inducing the apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mechanism underlying the effect of combined use of cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin in inducing the apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (OSCC) HSQ-89.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCK8 assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of cyclopamine on HSQ-89 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to examine the cell apoptosis following combined treatment with cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bid in HSQ-89 cells after the treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Combined treatment with cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin significantly inhibited the cell proliferation compared with hydroxycamptothecin treatment alone, also resulting in a significantly higher apoptosis rate of the cells (P<0.05). The mRNA level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased after the treatments, especially after the combined treatment. Cyclopamine produced no significant effect on the mRNA levels of Bcl-xl and Bid in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined use of cyclopamine and hydroxycamptothecin significantly down-regulates the expression on of bcl-2 to induce the apoptosis of human OSCC cell line HSQ-89.</p>

Somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring for evaluation of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the changes of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury and the value of SEP monitoring in evaluating neurological functions in this setting.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in 28 rabbits by clamping the infrarenal aorta for 45 min, and the SEPs were monitored before and at 5, 10, and 15 min after ischemia, and at 15, 30, and 60 min and 2, 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. The neurological function score (NFS) of the rabbits was evaluated at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after reperfusion, and the pathological changes of the spinal cord were observed 48 h after reperfusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SEPs P1-wave latency significantly increased 5 min after ischemia (P<0.01) and the wave amplitude decreased 8 min after ischemia (P<0.01). SEPs disappeared 10 min after ischemia and recovered 15 min after reperfusion, but the P1-wave latency still remained longer and P1-wave amplitude lower than the measurements before ischemia (P<0.01). P1-wave amplitude became normal 15 min after the reperfusion (P>0.05), and the P1-wave latency gradually recovered 30 min after reperfusion, but still significantly longer than the preischemic value (P<0.01). P1-wave amplitude decreased again at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion (P<0.01). The NFS gradually increased at 24 and 48 h after the reperfusion (P<0.01). The changes in P1-wave amplitude at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion showed an obvious correlation to NFS (r=-0.881 and -0.925, respectively, P<0.01). Hemorrhage, swelling, and degeneration and neutrophil infiltration occurred in the spinal cord tissue 48 h after the reperfusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes of SEP P1-wave amplitude can better reflect the spinal cord function than the wave latency during spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and SEP monitoring provides reliable evidence for prognostic evaluation of the neurological function.</p>