Research on the lncRNA MALAT1 promoting the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of retinal vascular endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy through the molecular axis of miR-124-3p/SOX7 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of lncRNA MALAT1 on the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of retinal vascular endothelial cells and its molecular mechanism.METHODS: The expression levels of lncRNA MALAT1 in plasma of normal control group, diabetic without retinopathy group and diabetic retinopathy group were detected by qPCR and the effect of glucose culture on the expression levels of lncRNA MALAT1 were detected by qPCR too. The expression level of miR-124-3p was detected by qRT-PCR; Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of SOX7; The targeting relationship between lncRNA MALAT1 and miR-124-3p, miR-124-3p and SOX7 were detected by the dual-luciferase reporter system; CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation activity; Transwell assay was used to detect the migration ability of cells; Angiogenesis of hRMECs cells was measured by in vitro tube formation assay.RESULTS:The expression level of lncRNA MALAT1 in plasma of diabetic retinopathy patients was significantly higher than that of diabetic without retinopathy group and normal control group(P<0.001). In vitro glucose culture significantly promoted the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in hRMECs cells, as well as the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05). Knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tubule formation of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that lncRNA MALAT1 targeted with miR-124-3p, and miR-124-3p targeted with SOX7. Overexpression of miR-124-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tubule formation of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05). Overexpression of lncRNA MALAT1+miR-124-3p, miR-124-3p+SOX7, and knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1+overexpression of SOX7 all significantly eliminated the inhibitory effect of hRMECs cells(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: lncRNA MALAT1 promote the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy by down-regulating the negative regulation of miR-124-3p on SOX7. Therefore, abnormal upregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 in patients with diabetic retinopathy is a potential biomarker.

Effect of Drought Stress on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of different drought conditions on the growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus，in order to provide the theoretical basis for standardized planting and rational development and utilization of A. senticosus. Method:In this study，three-year-old A. senticosus was used as experimental samples. The growth parameters，photosynthetic parameters，and photosynthetic physiological parameters were determined to study the effects of different drought conditions on the growth and photosynthesis of A. senticosus. Result:The plant height and leaf number were significantly lower than the control group under drought stress conditions，and the leaf area was higher than the control group under drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate，stomata conductance and transpiration rate were not significantly different between the control group and the moderate drought stress group. They were significantly decreased in the severe drought stress group，while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased with the severity of drought stress. With the treatment time，the initial fluorescence was higher in the severe drought stress group than in the control group，and the moderate drought stress group was lower than the control group，the maximum fluorescence was significantly lower in the severe drought stress group than in the control group， potential photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency were significantly elevated in the moderate drought stress group. Conclusion:Drought stress can significantly inhibit the growth of A. senticosus. Severe drought conditions can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis of A. senticosus leaves. This effect is related to the regulation of stomatal size，but not related to the activity of photoreaction center.

Effect of Plant-Soil Feedback on Secondary Metabolites of Acanthopanax senticosus Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effects of plant-soil feedback on secondary metabolites in roots, stems and leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings. Method::One-year-old seedlings of A. senticosus were planted in the soil where no A. senticosus had been planted before (group 1), soil where A. senticosus had been planted for 3 years (group 2), and soil where A. senticosus had been planted for many years in the greenhouse pot experiment, and the secondary metabolites of its roots, stems and leaves were then analyzed. Result::L-Phenylalanine, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin had significant differences in leaves and roots of A. senticosus seedlings in the soil of group 3, but there was no significant difference in chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in stem. Eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, rutin and hyperoside were not detected in the leaves of seedlings planted in group 3.Most of the secondary metabolites in the roots of A. senticosus seedlings showed positive feedback, while in the stems of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, caffeine, A. senticosus glycosides, hypericin and quercetin showed negative feedback, and most of the secondary metabolites in the leaves of A. senticosus seedlings showed positive feedback. Conclusion::The plant and soil showed different feedback in different parts of the growth process of A. senticosus seedlings, and the soil where A. senticosus had not been planted was more advantageous to the secondary metabolites of A. senticosus seedlings. The results of the study provide a basis for the study of the effect of plant-soil feedback on the A. senticosus, and provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the artificial cultivation of A. senticosus.

Effect of Plant and Soil Feedback on Antioxidant System of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of plant-soil feedback on the antioxidant enzyme system of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, in order to elucidate the changes of plant-soil feedback on the antioxidant enzyme system of A. senticosus seedlings, and provide theoretical basis for revealing the reasons of plant-soil feedback. Method::Through the greenhouse pot experiment, plant height, leaf color value (SPAD), antioxidant enzymes [protein, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), aseorbateperoxidase(APX), malondialdehyde(MDA)] and yield and growth related indexes of soil without A. senticosus (group 1), soil with A. senticosus (group 2) for three consecutive years and soil with A. senticosus (group 3) for many years were measured respectively. Result::There were significant differences in plant height, SPAD, protein, SOD, CAT, POD, APX and MDA between seedlings of A. senticosus planted for three consecutive years (group 1), two successive years (group 2) and three successive years (group 3). The biomass, MDA, CAT, POD and SOD of A. senticosus seedlings in the soil without A. senticosus (group 1) were higher than those in the soil with A. senticosus (group 2 and 3), while the protein and APX were lower than those in the soil with A. senticosus (group 2 and 3). Conclusion::Plant and soil shows negative feedback regulation during the growth of A. senticosus seedlings, which reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, the soil without planting A. senticosus has more advantages for the growth of A. senticosus seedlings. The results provide a basis for explaining the effect of plant-soil feedback on the growth of A. senticosus, and a theoretical basis and technical support for the technical standards of A. senticosus cultivation in farmland.

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Antioxidant Enzyme System of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of different N application rates on the growth and development of Acanthopanax senticosus and the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity, and screen out the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for its growth and development, in order to provide scientific evidence for rational fertilization of Acanthopanax senticosus in artificial cultivation. Method::By single-point, single-factor field experiment, the study samples were one-year-old seedlings of growing evenly A. senticosus.Five nitrogen application treatment groups were set up in the fields.They were N1 (30 g·m-2), N2 (60 g·m-2), N3 (90 g·m-2), N4 (120 g·m-2), N5 (150 g·m-2) and CK (0 g·m-2) in the control group.Three months later, the raw weight of plant, root, leaf and stem were measured at harvest time.After drying to constant weight, plant dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight were measured.Fresh leaves of plants were collected to measure malondialdehyde(MDA) content and activities of catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), acid phosphatase(ACP) and aseorbateperoxidase(APX) after harvesting seedlings. Result::The biomass of A. senticosus in group N4 (120 g·m-2) was the highest, the protein content in group N3 (90 g·m-2) was the highest, and the activity of all antioxidant enzymes in group N3 (90 g·m-2) was the lowest. Conclusion::There is a dose-effect relationship between seedlings and the nitrogen application rate.That is to say, low nitrogen application rate and high nitrogen application rate will cause stress on Acanthopanax senticosus, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes under low nitrogen application rate is higher than that under high nitrogen application rate.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Carbon Metabolism and Growth and Development of Acanthopanax senticosus Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of different nitrogen application rates on the growth and carbon metabolism of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, and screen out the rational fertilization conditions, in order to provide basis and guidance for scientific fertilization of artificially cultivated A. senticosus. Method::A single-point, single-factor field experiment was conducted to study the seedlings of growing evenly A. senticosus.Five different nitrogen application treatment groups were set up to treat the seedlings, namely N1 group (30 g·m-2), N2 group (60 g·m-2), N3 group (90 g·m-2), N4 group (120 g·m-2), N5 group (150 g·m-2) and CK group (0 g·m-2), respectively.Three months later, plant height, root circumference, stem circumference, root-shoot ratio and SPAD were measured at harvest time.The contents of protein, sucrose, starch, soluble sugar and reducing sugar in fresh leaves were measured. Result::N3 treatment was the best treatment method for the growth and development of A. senticosus seedlings, and the growth of A. senticosus seedlings was the best under this treatment.The protein content of A. senticosus seedlings in N3 treatment was the highest.Starch and sucrose were best accumulated in N5 treatment group and CK treatment group.N5 treatment had the highest soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content. Conclusion::There is a dose-effect relationship between the growth and development of A. senticosus seedlings; that is to say, low and high nitrogen application treatments will cause stress on A. senticosus seedlings.In conclusion, the suitable nitrogen application rate for A. senticosus growth is 90-120 g·m-2.

Grey Correlation Analysis on Rate of Embryo, Endogenous Hormone and Enzyme Activity of Acanthopanax senticosus Seeds / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the correlation between endogenous hormone content, related enzyme activity and embryogenesis during the stratification of Acanthopanax senticosus seeds, and to provide theoretical basis for application of endogenous hormones and related physiological indicators in regulating germination of A. senticosus seeds in production and scientific research. Method::Endophytic fungi as well as different concentrations of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide solution were used for soaking the seeds of A. senticosus, and then thermophilic stratification was conducted for the seeds. The content of endogenous hormones such as gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and salicylic acid (SA) in seeds of A. senticosus were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the activity change of enzymes in vivo such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were tested. The correlation between the embryo rate and the hormones and their enzyme activities in the seeds of A. senticosus was studied by the grey correlation method. Result::The embryo rate was significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3, and CAT, with correlation coefficient of 1.086, 0.935 and 1.067, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between IAA, GA3, CAT, IBA, and SA, but with a significant negative correlation with ABA, MDA, and POD. The correlation degree was as follows: IAA>CAT>GA3>IBA>SA>SOD>ABA>POD>MDA. Conclusion::IAA, GA3 and CAT have significant promoting effects on embryo rate, and there is a significant correlation between hormone content and enzyme activity, which provides a basis for exploring the seed germination mechanism of A. senticosus.

Effect of Shading on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of different shading conditions on the growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus，and provide a theoretical basis for standardized planting and rational development and utilization of A. senticosus. Method:Three-year-old A. senticosus was used as the experimental sample.The growth parameters and photosynthetic physiological parameters of plant height，leaf number and leaf area were determined to study the effects of different shading conditions on the growth and photosynthesis of A. senticosus. Result:Plant height，leaf number，and leaf area were significantly higher in the shading treatment than in the control group，and highest under moderate shading conditions.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate were significantly higher in the moderate shading group than in the control group，and decreased in the severe shading group，while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly lower in the moderate shading group than in the other treatment groups.As the treatment time progressed，the initial fluorescence was not significantly higher in the moderate shading group than in the control group，but significantly higher in the severe shading group；the maximum fluorescence was significantly higher in the shading group than in the control group，in the moderate shading group.The potential photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency were not significantly different between the moderate shading group and the control group and decreased in the severe shading group，which was significantly lower than other treatment groups. Conclusion:Shading treatment is beneficial to the growth of A. senticosus.The moderate shading condition can significantly improve the photosynthesis of A. senticosus.Severe shading treatment can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis of A. senticosus leaves.This effect is related to the regulation of stomatal regulation. The activity of the photoreaction center is related.

Effects of fungi fraction on growth and anti-oxidative activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus / 中国中药杂志

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of endophytic fungi fraction on growth and anti-oxidative activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus. The growth,yield,contents of MDA,and antioxidant activities were assessed in E. senticosus under five fungi fractions,namely BZ,MH,DT,JS,and XFZ. The results showed that fungi fractions and component significantly affected the growth,low concentration of DT fungi fraction significantly increased the biomass of E. senticosus,reduced the MDA content in cells,and the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts were superior to the others. The results indicated that low concentration of DT fungi fraction was the optimum fraction to achieve high yield and quality of E. senticosus.

Quality Grading Criteria and Optimize Methods of Acanthopanax senticosus Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the quality of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings,develop grading standards and optimize the best analytical method. Method: Observing and measuring the plant height,diameter,leaf area,root length,chlorophyll content and other main agronomic traits of A. senticosus seedlings from different habitats(Baoqing,Qitaihe,Dongfanghong,Yilan,Acheng,Raohe Linkou and Yabuli) in each year. K-cluster grading method,principal component evaluation factor K-cluster analysis method,standard deviation method for grading,three classification methods were evaluated with different levels of seedling survival rate as indicators. Result: The direct K-cluster analysis method was used to determine the quality of A. senticosus seedlings as the best method. The seedlings of A. senticosus were divided into 3 grades,among in the first level the seedling height is ≥ 13 cm,the stem diameter is ≥ 0.37 cm,the root length is ≥ 8 cm,the leaf area is ≥ 28 cm2,the chlorophyll content is ≤ 31,the main origin is Baoqing,Qitaihe area. In the second level the seedling height is 8-13 cm,the stem diameter is 0.30-0.37 cm,the root length is 6-8 cm,the leaf area is 13-28 cm2,the chlorophyll content is 31-32,and the main origin is Acheng,Dongfanghong,Raohe area. In the third level the seedling height is 5-8 cm,the stem diameter is 0.26-0.30 cm,the root length is 5-6 cm,the leaf area is 5-13 cm2,the chlorophyll content is 32-38,and the main origin is Yabuli,Yilan and Linkou. Conclusion: In this experiment,the quality grading standards of A. senticosus seedlings were preliminarily established,Baoqing and Qitaihe can be used as a high-quality production area for breeding seeds in the Heilongjiang province.which provided the basis for quality evaluation of A. senticosus seedling planting and artificial cultivation.

The improvement of bioactive secondary metabolites accumulation in Rumex gmelini Turcz through co-culture with endophytic fungi

Abstract Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Ramularia sp. were endophytic fungi isolated from Rumex gmelini Turcz (RGT), all of these three strains could produce some similar bioactive secondary metabolites of their host. However the ability to produce active components degraded significantly after cultured these fungi alone for a long time, and were difficult to recover. In order to obtain more bioactive secondary metabolites, the co-culture of tissue culture seedlings of RGT and its endophytic fungi were established respectively, and RGT seedling was selected as producer. Among these fungi, Aspergillus sp. showed the most significant enhancement on bioactive components accumulation in RGT seedlings. When inoculated Aspergillus sp. spores into media of RGT seedlings that had taken root for 20 d, and made spore concentration in co-culture medium was 1 × 104 mL-1, after co-cultured for 12 d, the yield of chrysophaein, resveratrol, chrysophanol, emodin and physcion were 3.52-, 3.70-, 3.60-, 4.25-, 3.85-fold of the control group. The extreme value of musizin yield was 0.289 mg, which was not detected in the control groups. The results indicated that co-culture with endophytic fungi could significantly enhance bioactive secondary metabolites production of RGT seedlings.

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum and their effect on alcoholic fatty liver of rats / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate extract fraction of 70% ethanol extract in the aerial parts of northeastern crowberry (Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum) and their effect on the alcohol fatty liver (AFL) of rats, and to provide the scientific basis for the use and development of the northeastern crowberry. Methods: Chromatography separation technology and spectral analysis technology were used for the separation, purification, structure analysis, and identification. AFL model of SD rats was induced by 45% ethanol. To observe the effect of ethyl acetate extract in northeastern crowberry on the liver index, serology, and liver tissue homogenates in AFL of rats. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1), ursolic acid (2), uvaol (3), 2',4'-dihydroxy dihydrochalcone (4), 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone (5), 7-hydroxy flavone (6), 4'-methoxy-2'-hydroxyl-dihydroxy chalcone (7), and isoliquiritigenin (8). Compared with the model group, giving the ethyl acetate extract of northeastern crowberry could decrease the liver index of rats, reduce serum lipid metabolism of TG, TC, reduce the serum enzyme ALT, AST, liver homogenate in oxidative stress, and increase the activities of SOD and GSH. Conclusion: Compounds 1-4, and 6-8 are isolated from E. nigrum var. japonicum for the first time. The effect of ethyl acetate extract in E. nigrum var. japonicum on AFL of rats is obvious.

role of double-balloon enteroscopy following capsule endoscopy in diagnosis of obscure Small intestinal diseases

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection rate accuracy of Double-balloon Enteroscopy [DBE] after Capsule Endoscopy [CE] in patients with suspected small bowel diseases

Methodology: From January 2009 to March 2012, sixty-two patients with obscure small bowel diseases who underwent CE followed by DBE were included in this study. Introduction of the endoscope by DBE was either orally or anally according to CE

Results: Sixty-two patients are reported. The overall detection rate of small bowel diseases using CE was 70.9% [44/62]. Sixty-eight DBE procedures following capsule endoscopy were carried out, There was no significant difference [chi[2]=0.6739, P > 0.05] of Positive findings between CE and CE +DBE. Furthermore, the detection rate of small bowel diseases in patients with obscure small intestinal bleeding using CE +DBE [90.9%, 30/33] was superior to that of CE [78.8%, 26/33]; chi[2]=1.8857, P > 0.05

Conclusions: Capsule Endoscopy [CE] can cover the whole GI tract and provide the selection of the route of Double-balloon enteroscopy [DBE]. DBE can also serve as a good complementary approach after an initial imaging using CE. It can verify the findings of CE and provide therapeutic intervention. Using of CE followed by DBE is effective in the diagnosis and management of patients with obscure small bowel diseases

Total colonic exclusion plus side to side ileorectal antiperistaltic anastomosis in the treatment for elderly patients with slow transit constipation / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and safety of total colonic exclusion plus side to side antiperistaltic ileorectal anastomosis in the treatment for elderly patients with slow transit constipation (STC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 13 patients with severe idiopathic STC undergoing the above novel procedure in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between May 2009 and September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The Wexner constipation score and gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) before and 6 months after operation were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 8 female and 5 male patients, with a mean age of 74 years (range 63-82 years). No procedure-related deaths or any serious complication occurred. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 29 months (median,12 months). The duration of surgery was (55±4) min. Blood loss was (30±2) ml. The postoperative hospital stay ranged 10 to 16 days (mean 11.4 days). The first bowel movement occurred in the 4th day (range 2nd-8th day) after operation. There was no intestinal occlusion and anastomotic leakage that required surgery in all the patients. No fecal incontinence or constipation recurrence was found. One patient developed blind loop syndrome 14 months after operation. Postoperative complications included incision fat liquefaction in 2 cases, anorectal bearing-down while bowel movement in 2 cases, and minor defecate difficulty needed glycerin enema in 1 case. Wexner scores was significantly improved from 22.8±3.3 before operation to 5.4±2.1 six months after operation (P<0.05). GQLI was significantly increased from 93.6±20.5 before operation to 120.8±13.0 six months after operation (P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, the outcome was excellent in 11 patients and good in 2 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total colonic exclusion plus side to side antiperistaltic ileorectal anastomosis is easy, safe and effective in the treatment for selected elderly patients with STC.</p>

Perioperative protection of organs during liver transplantation in patients with advanced liver disease / 第二军医大学学报

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with advanced liver diseases. Patients undergoing liver transplantation are likely to have severely impaired liver function and poor general condition. Meanwhile, the operation is complicated and needs long time; the hemodynamics fluctuates greatly during operation and many drugs are needed after operation. All the above factors are likely to induce injuries to the heart, brain, lung, etc, and resulting in severe complications and finally leading to the death of patients. Therefore the protection of organs during perioperative period is an important step for liver transplantaion of advanced liver diseases, and it is also a focus of study in the area. This article summarizes the injury mechanism and protection strategy of organs in patients during perioperative period of liver transplantation.

Cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass: A meta-analysis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To systematically review the cardioprotective of sevoflurane in patients undergoing heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass,so as to provide evidence for anesthesia decision of cardiac surgery. Methods: Trials about the cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane under CPB were collected through electronic search of Medline, CNKI, and CMBdisk (from the date of database establishment to October 2008); manual search was also conducted. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fourteen randomized-controlled trials were finally included in the present analysis. The details of the trial design, the characters of the subjects, and the results of the studies were reviewed and analyzed using RevMan 4.2 software. Results: The 14 trials involved 1226 patients, including 616 receiving sevoflurane and 610 receiving total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Compared with TIVA, our analysis showed the following results. (1) Cardiac function: sevoflurane significantly increased the postoperative cardio index (CI, P < 0.01) and cardiac output (CO, P < 0.01). (2) Serum cTnI concentration at 24 h postoperation: sevoflurane group was significantly lower than that of TIVA group (P < 0.01). (3) Sevoflurane significantly decreased the period of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.01) and the length of intensive care unit stay (P < 0.01), but the postoperative hospital stay was similar between the two groups. (4) The postoperative usage of inotropic agent was lower in sevoflurane group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the mortality (P = 0.59), the incidence of atrial fibrillation (P = 0.11), and the myocardial infarction rate (P = 0.11) between the two groups. Conclusion: Sevoflurane has cardioprotective effect in patients undergoing heart surgery under CPB.

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor 936C/T polymorphism and the susceptibility to colorectal adenoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)1498 C/T,936 C/T and colorectal adenoma genetic susceptibility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study of 224 colorectal adenomas and 200 controls was conducted and VEGF genotypes were determined based on TaqMan-probe assay. The epidemiological factors were collected through questionnaire. Accordingly, the clinicopathological data of each sample were also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The carriage of 936 CT and CT+TT genotypes had significantly higher risk of colorectal adenoma (CT vs. CC, OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.23-3.25, P=0.006; CT+TT vs. CC, OR=2.04, 95% CI:1.28-3.26, P=0.003). 936-T allele carriage had increased risk of colorectal adenoma (OR=1.91, 95% CI:1.25-2.91, P=0.003). The genotypes of 1498 C/T and the frequency of C/T allele showed no differences between healthy persons and patients (P>0.05). In patients with 936 CT+TT and 936-T allele implied a tendency of villous adenoma category (CT+TT vs. CC, OR=2.54, 95% CI:1.12-5.75, P=0.040; T allele vs. C allele, OR=3.08, 95% CI, 1.64-5.80, P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF 936 C/T polymorphism can influence susceptibility to colorectal adenoma.</p>

Effects of furosemide, antisterone and hydrochlorothiazide on expression of kidney aquaporin-2 gene and urine aquaporin-2 excretion in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate effects of the furosemide, antisterone and hydrochlorothiazide on expression of kidney aquaporin-2 (AQP(2)) gene and urine aquaporin-2 excretion in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty SD rats were randomized into 4 groups, namely the control group, furosemide group, antisterone group and hydrochlorothiazide group with corresponding treatment. Blood and urine samples were collected from the rats for measurement of serum Na(+), urine volume and urine osmolality during medication. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to measure kidney inner medullary AQP(2) and vasopressin V(2)-R mRNA. Western blotting was employed to detect kidney inner medullary AQP(2) protein expression. Urine AQP(2) concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Urine volume and urinary AQP(2) excretion were both increased in rats treated with the 3 drugs as compared with that of the control group. However, urine osmolality was lower in furosemide group but higher inhydrochlorothiazide and antisterone groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The kidney inner medullary AQP(2) mRNA, V(2)-R mRNA and AQP(2) protein expression of furosemide group increased in comparison with that of the control group (Plt;0.05). In hydrochlorothiazide group, however, the above parameters were all decreased (Plt;0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three classes of diuretics can all increase the excretion of the urinary AQP(2) but have different effects on the inner medullary AQP(2) mRNA and protein expression in normal rats. Hydrochlorothiazide reduces kidney AQP(2) mRNA and protein expression, while furosemide increased kidney AQP(2) gene expression.</p>

Sleep-disordered breathing and left ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The investigate the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and evaluate its impact on left ventricular remodeling in adult patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ambulatory sleep recording for 8 h was performed using Embletta PDS (Medcare, Iceland) in 74 patients with CHF, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), internal end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular mass weight (LVMW) were measured using M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of SDB defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, namely the number of apnea-hypopnea events per hour during sleep) no less than 10 was 62.16% in these CHF patients (77.78% in male and 37.93% in female patients). Of the 74 patients 31.1% had mainly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 17.6% had central sleep apnea (CSA). There was a moderate inverse correlation between LVEF and AHI (P=0.004, r=-0.366). LVIDd in patients with CHF and SDB was significantly greater than that in patients with isolated CHF (46.67+/-7.29 vs 55.70+/-11.87 mm, P=0.001). The left ventricular myocardial weight was also greater in patients with CHF and SDB than in patients with isolated CHF (208.58+/-64.19 vs 291.03+/-121.54, P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggest a higher prevalence of SDB in patients with CHF than in general population, and the prevalence is even higher in patients with severe CHF in relation to left ventricular remodeling. SDB contributes to the progression of CHF and further cardiac decline by a vicious cycle.</p>

Therapeutic Effect of Atomoxtine in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Comorbidity / 实用儿科临床杂志

Atomoxetine is a noradrenaline transmitter reuptake inhibitor which can selectively inhibit presynaptic noradrenaline transport protein,strengthen noradrenaline's resupination effect,and increases noradrenaline's activity released by synaptic cleft to improve the symptoms of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)patients.ADHD patients often accompany with other psychological diseases like oppositional defiant disorder,anxiety disorder,which may hinder the diagnosis of ADHD.There is still no accepted effective medicine nowadays.Currently,research on the treatment of the ADHD is more and more popular.Good therapeutic effect of atomoxetine to treat ADHD has been found in resent studies.This article summarized the current management of using atomoxetine to treat ADHD.