Effects of SKP1 gene interference on apoptosis and regulation mechanism of ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson's disease cell model / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of interfering S-phase kinase associated protein 1 (SKP1) gene on apoptosis in Parkinson's disease(PD) cell model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine ion (MPP+ ) and the mechanism of ubiquitin proteasome system degradation of α-synuclein (α-syn) influence.Methods:SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group, MPP+ group, SKP1 interference group, and SKP1 interference+ MG132(UPS inhibitor) group.The cells in the control group were cultured normally. The cells in the latter three groups were incubated with MPP+ (0.5 mmol/L) for 24 h as PD model cells.The cells in SKP1 interference group were transfected with lentivirus SKP1-siRNA, and the cells in SKP1 interference+ MG132 group were transfected with lentivirus SKP1 siRNA and added with MG132 (0.5 μmol/L) for 24 h. The protein levels and mRNA levels of SKP1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP), α-syn, ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 (UBE1), parkin, and p27 in cells were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cycle level, and CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation level.Co-immunoprecipitation method was used to explore the interaction between SKP1 and p27. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparison.Results:RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA levels and protein levels of autophagy related proteins and ubiquitin related proteins LC3, LAMP2, α-syn, UBE1, parkin and p27 in the four groups were statistically significant(mRNA: F=99.155, 43.028, 138.464, 28.200, 22.009, 28.147, all P<0.05; F=245.517, 157.634, 315.920, 2 336.472, 477.429, 2 350.201, all P<0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of LC3, Lamp2, α-syn and p27 in SKP1 interference group were lower than those in MPP+ group (all P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein levels of UBE1 and parkin were higher than those in MPP+ group (all P<0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of LC3, α-syn and p27 in SKP1 interference+ MG132 group were higher than those in SKP1 interference group (all P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein levels of UBE1 and parkin were lower than those in SKP1 interference group (all P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry and CCK-8 method showed that the apoptosis rate and cell inhibition rate among the four groups were significantly different( F=2 749.420, 171.508, both P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of SKP1 interference group was lower than that of MPP+ group ((8.22±0.25)%, (15.30±0.21)%, P<0.05), while the cell inhibition rate of SKP1 interference group was lower than that of MPP+ group((26.31±3.73)%, (55.05±3.84)%, P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of SKP1 interference+ MG132 group ((9.49±0.07)%) was higher than that of SKP1 interference group, and the cell inhibition rate ((36.06±2.85)%) was higher than that of SKP1 interference group (both P<0.05). The results of immunoprecipitation method showed that P27 decreased after SKP1 immunoprecipitation. Conclusion:After SKP1 gene was interfered, the autophagy function of PD cells decreased, which may be related to parkin promoting α-syn ubiquitination, activating UBE1/ Parkin-mediated UPS pathway to degrade α-syn, and mediating P27 to inhibit apoptosis.

Analysis of the difference in esophageal flora between patients with esophageal carcinoma and healthy controls / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the esophageal microecology in patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), and to compare the difference in esophageal flora between patients with esophageal cancer and healthy people.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2019, at Taihe Hospital, 82 EC patients and 20 age-and gender-matched healthy controls during the same period were selected. The pathology of EC were divided into poorly differentiated (8 cases), moderately differentiated (9 cases) and well differentiated cancers (13 cases) according to the degree of differentiation. The esophageal tissue samples of EC patients and healthy individuals were collected. Sample DNA was extracted and the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing was performed by lllumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. Alpha-diversity analysis and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) were performed, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to screen different species. The random forest model was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the esophageal bacterial phenotype was predicted by BugBase database. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The Chao1 index of the EC patients was higher than that of healthy controls (362.51(284.29, 646.13) vs. 284.83(244.31, 344.74)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.857, P=0.004). The results of PCoA showed that the distance between samples of EC patients and healthy control samples was relatively close, and there was no significant difference in the composition of microecology between the two groups ( P>0.05). The abundance of esophageal Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia of EC patients were both higher than those of healthy controls (0.2% vs. 0.1%, 0.4% vs. 0), while the abundances of esophageal Proteobacteria, SR1 and TM7 phylum of EC patients were lower than those of healthy controls (21.9% vs. 34.2%, 0.1% vs. 0.2%, 0.2% vs. 0.5%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Q=0.090, 0.077, 0.010, 0.026 and 0.001, all P<0.05). The abundances of Clostridia, Elostridiales, Pasteurella, Pasteurellaceae, Eikenella, Actinobacillus and Haemophilus in poorly differentiated patients, moderately differentiated and higher differentiated patients were 28.3%, 24.2% and 17.0%, 28.3%, 24.2% and 17.0%, 3.2%, 0.3% and 5.0%, 3.2%, 0.3% and 5.0%, 0, 1.5% and 0.1%, 0.5%, 0 and 0.7%, 1.3%, 0.2% and 3.9%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Q=0.579, 0.557, 0.390, 0.711, 0.768, 0.768 and 0.768, all P<0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the abundances of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, Odorbacterium and S24_7 of EC patients were higher than those of healthy controls (21.5% vs. 11.7%, 0.5% vs. 0.1%, 0.1% vs. 0 and 0 vs. 0), and the differences were statistically significant (LDA=2.591, 2.379, 2.790 and 2.927, all P<0.05). The ROC curve confirmed that the random forest model was reliable and the AUC value was 0.92. BugBase database phenotypic prediction showed that the phenotype of esophageal bacteria related to biofilm formation, pathogenic potential, mobile elements, oxygen demand (aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria), and oxidative stress tolerance of EC patients were more abundant than those of healthy controls (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The esophageal flora of patients with esophageal cancer has changed. Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, Odoribacterium and S24_7 may be potential biomarkers of esophageal flora.

Definitive screening design combined with design space for optimizing purification process of Scutellariae Radix extract / 中国中药杂志

In the pharmacopoeia, many process parameters for the purification process of Scutellariae Radix are unclear. In this study, deterministic screening design combined with design space method was used to optimize the purification process of Scutellariae Radix extract. Nine method parameters such as mass fraction of solution(X_1), first acid precipitation pH(X_2) and first holding time(X_3) in the purification process were firstly studied by definitive screening design. The yield of baicalin was defined as the evaluation index. A stepwise regression method was used then to build quantitative models between evaluation index and method parameters and the three most critical impact parameters were determined. Probability-based design space was calculated and successfully verified with the experimental error simulation method. Finally, the second standing temperature, the first standing temperature and the pH value of the second acid precipitation were determined as the three most critical method parameters. The recommended operating space was as follows: the second standing temperature 5-7 ℃, the first standing temperature 13-15 ℃, and the pH of the second acid precipitation 1.5-1.7. Within this operating space, the baicalin yield in the purification process was over 80%, and the probability of reaching the standard was over 0.96. In this study, we optimized the effect of various parameters for the purification process of the Scutellariae Radix extract in the pharmacopoeia on the yield of baicalin and provided a reference for industrial production of the exact of Scutellariae Radix.

Clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in treatment of Parkinson′s disease with constipation / 中华神经科杂志

Objective@#To observe the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treatment of Parkinson′s disease (PD) with constipation.@*Methods@#From September 2017 to April 2019, 22 PD patients with serious constipation in the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were treated with FMT and followed up for 12 weeks. Spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) per week and scores of Wexner Constipation Scale (Wexner), Constipation Quality of Life Scale (PAC-QOL) and Parkinson′s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39) were recorded before and after transplantation.@*Results@#Compared with the number of independent defecation and scores before treatment, the number of independent defecation per week (4.63±2.25, 5.38±1.23, 5.75±1.29, 5.54±1.30 vs 1.57±0.74), Wexner score (7.92±2.61, 5.67±1.78, 5.08±1.83, 4.92±1.78 vs 16.67±4.31), PAC-QOL score (62.3±3.2, 58.8±2.8, 57.1±3.9, 59.6±4.4 vs 110.3±14.7) and PDQ-39 score (44.8±14.8, 37.8±12.8, 32.8±12.3, 31.9±9.2 vs 58.7±16.7) were significantly improved by FMT treatment at two, four, eight and 12 weeks (P<0.01). After 12-week treatment, the effective rate was 100% (22/22), and the clinical cure rate was 86% (19/22). No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment.@*Conclusion@#FMT is effective and safe in treating PD with constipation.

Overview on hypoglycemic active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine based on insulin receptor signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

Insulin resistance,as the main link in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2 DM),runs through the whole process of occurrence and development of T2 DM and is closely related to the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Insulin stimulation causes autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor( IR),which then activates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate( IRS).Phosphorylation of IRS can induce and activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase( PI3 K),subsequently activate downstream 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protease 1( PDK1) and Akt/PKB,and finally promote expression and translocation of glucose transporter 4 to increase glucose uptake of insulin-sensitive tissues and alleviate insulin resistance. Currently,oral hypoglycemic agents for clinical treatment of T2 DM have different side effects on the human body. Traditional Chinese medicine not only has a wide range of sources and abundant types,but also has comprehensive multi-component,multi-link and multi-target effects,showing unique advantages in the treatment of diabetes. In recent years,more and more researchers at home and abroad pay attention to the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine for alleviating insulin resistance. In this paper,we would summarize the active hypoglycemic ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine associated with the insulin receptor signaling pathway,which may provide some theoretical guidance for the development of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes.

TCP wear particles causes injury of periprosthetic osteocytes in the mouse calvaria / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study whether tricalcium phosphate(TCP) wear particles cause injuries of periprosthetic osteocytes in the mouse calvaria, and to explain its molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#Thirty six-week(ICR)male mice were randomly divided into sham group, model (TCP) group and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. A murine calvarial model of osteolysis was established by 30 mg of TCP wear particles implantation over the periosteum around the middle suture of calvaria in mice. On the second postoperative day, the autophagy specific inhibitor 3-MA (1.0 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to the calvaria in the 3-MA-treated mice every other day. After 2 weeks, blood and the calvaria were obtained. Micro-CT was used to detect bone mineral density(BMD), bone volume fraction (BVF) and porosity number. HE staining and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the viability and apoptosis of periprosthetic osteocytes. The serum levels of dentin matrix protein 1(DMP-1) and sclerostin (SOST) were determined by ELISA. The proteins expressions of DMP-1, SOST, Beclin-1 and microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) were detected by Western blot in the calvaria osteocytes.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham group, the mice in the TCP group showed that a significant decrease in the viability of periprosthetic osteocytes, but obvious increases in number of osteocytes death and osteocytes apoptosis (<0.05), and in serum level and protein expression of SOST; significant decreases in serum level and protein expression of DMP-1 (<0.05), and remarkable up-regulation of autophagy-related factors beclin-1 and the conversion of LC3-Ⅱ from LC3-I in the calvaria osteocytes. Compared with TCP group, the mice in the 3-MA group showed that injuries of calvaria osteocytes were obviously aggravated, and osteocytes apoptosis was significantly increased (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TCP wear particles can cause injuries of periprosthetic osteocytes via activation of apoptosis and autophagy, which promotes osteolysis around the prosthesis osteolysis and joint aseptic loosening.

Effects of Glimepiride Combined with Metformin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Islet Function and Serum miR-126 Expression of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of glimepiride combined with metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism, islet function and serum miR-126 expression of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Nanchuan Hongren Hospital of Chongqing during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2017 were divided into observation group and control group according to random numble table, with 50 cases in each group. Control group was given Metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets (Ⅱ) with initial dose of 0. 5 g, once a day, adjusted to 0. 5 g 12 weeks later, twice a day, maximal dose of 1 g at meal or after meal. Observation group was additionally given Glimepiride tablets 2 mg, once a day, at breakfast, on the basis of control group. Both group were treated at lasted for 24 weeks. The levels of blood glucose (FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c), blood lipid (TC, TG), islet function (FINS, 2 hINS, FCP, 2 hCP, HOMA-IR), serum miR-126 before and after treatment and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no statistical significance in the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid, islet function or serum miR-126 expression between 2 groups (P＞0. 05). After treatment, the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and HOMA-IR in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and the levels of blood glucose and HOMA-IR in observation group were significantly lower than control group. The levels of FINS, 2 hINS, FCP and 2 hCP, serum miR-126 expression in 2 groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and the observation group was significantly higher than control group, with statistical significance(P＜0. 05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Glimepiride combined with metformin can significantly improve glucose and lipid metabolism, islet function, and regulate serum miR-126 expression without increasing the occurrence of ADR.

Clinical Observation of Febuxostat in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Complicated with Hyperuricemia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of type 2 diabetic nephropathy complicated with hyperuricemia. METHODS: A total of 137 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy complicated with hyperuricemia selected from our hospital during Jan. 2014-Jun. 2016 were divided into group A (46 cases), B (47 cases), C (44 cases) according to random number table. On the basis of routine treatment, group A was given Allopurinol tablets orally with initial dose of 0. 05 g, bid; increasing to 0. 10 g, bid, 2 weeks later. Group B was given Benzbromarone tablets 50 mg orally, qd. Group C was given Febuxostat tablets orally with initial dose of 40 mg, qd; increasing to 80 mg, qd, 2 weeks later. All patients received treatment for consecutive 12 weeks. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed, and the levels of serum uric acid (SUA), Scr and BUN were also observed before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS: Four, six, three patients withdrew from the study in group A, B, C, respectively. The total response rates of group B, C (87. 8％, 85. 4％) were significantly higher than that of group A (76. 2％), with statistical significance (P＜0. 05); there was no statistical significance between group B and C (P＞0. 05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significance in the levels of SUA, Scr or BUN among 3 groups (P＞0. 05). Four weeks after treatment, the levels of SUA in 3 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment, with statistical significance (P＜0. 05); there was no statistical significance in other indexes among 3 groups or between before and after treatment (P＞0. 05). Twelve weeks after treatment, the levels of SUA in 3 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment, and group B and C were significantly lower than group A; the levels of Scr in group A and C were decreased significantly compared to before treatment, while that of group B was increased significantly compared to before treatment and group B was significantly higher than group A and C, with statistical significance (P＜0. 05). There was no statistical significance in the levels of Scr or BUN among 3 groups compared to 4 weeks after treatment; there was also no statistical significance in the levels of SUA between group B and C, the levels of Scr between group A and C (P＞0. 05). Total incidence of ADR in group C (12. 20％) was significantly lower than group A and B (25. 58％, 24. 39％), with statistical significance (P＜0. 05); there was no statistical significance between group A and B (P＞0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Febuxostat is better than allopurinol in reducing the level of SUA in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients with hyperuricemia. It shows small effect on renal function with better safety.

Clinical study of early endoscopic therapy for severe acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of peritoneal lavage and dialysis by flexible endoscope in patients with early phase severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH)/abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Methods 32 patients with early phase SAP complicated with IAH/ACS were received peritoneal lavage and dialysis by flexible endoscope in base of routine treatment. The release time of peritoneal irritation sign, the duration of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAP), bowel sound, APACHE-II scores and prognosis of the patients were evaluated. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum, also, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and amylase in ascites/peritoneal lavage fluid were measured. Results 30 patients were all cured after treatment, with an average hospital stay of (16.53 ± 5.30) d, and, 2 patients underwent surgical treatment. The difference between before and after treatment was significance in peritoneal irritation sign scores, bowel sound, IAP and APACHE-II scores of the patients (P < 0.05). The levels of testing items in serum and ascites/peritoneal lavage fluid were decreased significantly during peritoneal lavage and dialysis. Conclusion Continuous peritoneal lavage and dialysis by flexible endoscope is a safe and effective method for patients with SAP complicated with IAH/ACS, especially in the early stage of disease.

Application Analysis of Mobile Equipment and APP in Imaging Diagnostics and Interventional Radiology / 医学信息学杂志

By making use of 19 keywords,the paper searches the APP Store for APP related to imaging diagnostics and interventional radiology,analyzes parameters like APP classifications,satisfaction,publisher identity and downloads with statistical methods.The result shows that mobile learning APP,which facilitate imaging diagnostics and interventional radiology doctors with mobile learning,are more popular.

Clinical effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the treatment of diabetic lower extremity arterial disease / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of percutaneous endovascular angioplasty ( PTA) for the treatment of diabetic lower extremity arterial disease( LEAD) , so as to provide a reference for the selection of the best treatment for diabetic lower extremity arterial dis-ease(LEAD). Methods In this parallel study, totally 60 patients were equally divided into the control group and the intervention group. The control group were treated by the conventional method, and the intervention group were treated by percutaneous endovascular angioplasty (PTA). The changes of ankle brachial index (ABI),average blood flow velocity of dorsalis pedis,pulsation index(PI) and the maximum walking distance were observated in 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the ankle brachi-al index ( ABI) , average blood flow velocity of dorsalis pedis, pulsation index ( PI) and the maximum walking distance in the intervention group were significantly improved 12 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment, and the difference between the two groups was statistically signifi-cant (P0. 05). Conclusion Percutaneous endovascular angioplasty ( PTA) is better than traditional drug therapy in the treatment of diabetic lower extremity arterial disease( LEAD) . It is a feasible clinical treatment of lower extremity arterial disease( LEAD) .

Apathy and neuropsychological characteristics of newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the apathy and neuropsychological characteristics of newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.Methods Eighty-two newly diagnosed PD patients and 30 matched healthy controls by age,sex and education level were recruited in the present study.Apathy was assessed using Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and related factors,including age,sex,education level and disease duration were simultaneously evaluated.Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD),as well as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were employed in order to respectively evaluate the motor function,depression and cognition.Results The AES scores in the PD patients were significantly higher when compared to the healthy controls.The prevalence of apathy and depression in the PD patients was 51.2％ (42/82) and 19.5％ (16/82),respectively.There were no statistically significant differences in age,sex,education level,UPDRS-Ⅱ/Ⅲ scores and MoCA scores between apathy (n =42) and no-apathy (n =40) PD patients (P ＞ 0.05),while the statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between apathy (n =42) and no-apathy (n =40) PD patients was shown (the HAMD scores of apathy PD patients were 10.61 ± 3.30,the HAMD scores of no-apathy PD patients were 5.96 ± 1.90,t =7.87,P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis indicated that there were no correlations between AES scores and the related factors,including age,education level,disease duration and UPDRS-Ⅱ / Ⅲ scores,but AES scores were positively correlated with HAMD scores.Conclusion In newly diagnosed PD patients,the apathy is independent of depression,motor dysfunction,as well as cognitive impairment,which may be an early signal for PD.

DPP4 inhibitor saxagliptin impact the body weight of patients with type 2 diabetes clinical observation / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the impact of DPP4 inhibitor Saxagliptin on body weight of type 2 diabetes patients. Methods In this randomized and parallel study,50 patients were given either Saxagliptin(n=25)or Glimepiride(n=24). The changes of body weight, HbA1c and hypoglycemic events were observated in 12 weeks. Results There were no significant difference in gender,age and body weight between 2 groups(P>0. 05). After 12 weeks treatment,body weight has significant changed in both group,and the weight changes were sig-nificant differet in two groups:an average of 0. 4 kg weight was increased in Glimepiride group and 0. 4 kg weight was decreased in Saxagliptin group (P0. 05). Hypoglycemia event was happened four times in Glimepiride group,while no hypoglycemia event was happened in Saxagliptin group. Conclusion Compared with Glimepiride,Saxa-gliptin provides similar hypoglycemic action with less hypoglycemia,at the same time,Saxagliptin yields better results in lowering weight.

The expression and clinical significance of TAK1 in esophageal cancer / 实用医学杂志

Objective To examine the expression of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in esophageal organization and the impact of TAK1 expression on clinicopathologic data. Methods Specimens from 80 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma managed in our hospital were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of TAK1 in 80 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 80 cases of normal esophageal mucosal tissues. All the specimens were confirmed by pathology for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or esophageal normal tissues. Results The positive expression rate of TAK1 in esophageal cancer organizations and normal esophageal mucosal tissues were 80% and 11.25%, respectively. The positive expression rate of TAK1 in esophageal cancer were significantly higher than those in normal esophageal mucosal tissue (P 0.05), but with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05). Patients with positive TAK1 expression had significantly lower five-year survival rate than those with tumors having positive TAK1 expression Conclusion TAK1 played an important role in the pathology and development of squamous cell carcinoma , and could be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Clinical observation on risk factors of diabetic foot / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of diabetic foot by observing the changes of the relative index. Methods 134 pa-tients were randomly divided into non-diabetic foot (NDF) group and diabetic foot (DF) group,the changes of blood glucose,HbA1c,creati-nine,uric acid,microalbuminuria and the complications of diabetes were observed. Results There no difference in blood glucose level be-tween 2 groups (P>0. 05). The HbA1c levels of DF group was higher,with a significant difference(P<0. 05). The levels of uric acid in fe-male of DF group was higher than those in female of NDF group(P<0. 05). there was significant differernces in levels of microalbuminuria (P<0. 05),but no statistic difference in levels of potassium and sodium between 2 groups. Conclusion The changes of HbA1c,uric acid and microalbuminuria could indicate the diabetic foot in clinic.

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein combined with sulfasalzine in the induction and maintenance treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the dosage regimen of sulfasalzine combined with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR) in the induction and maintenance of remission in active ankylosing spondylitis.Methods This study enrolled 100 ankylosing spondylitis patients with disease duration for less than five years who were treated with sulfasalzine and rhTNFR combination therapy.Patients were randomly assigned to three groups six weeks later:patients in the G1 group received sulfasalzine combined with rhTNFR at a 25 mg dosage twice each week.Patients shifted to monotherapy with sulfasalzine six weeks later:patients in G2 group received sulfasalzine combined with rhTNFR at 25 mg dosage per week.Patients were switched to monotherapy of sulfasalzine twelve weeks later:patients in G3 group received sulfasalzine combined with rhTNFR at 25 mg dosage once every ten days.Patients were changed to monotherapy of sulfasalzine seventeen weeks later.The whole treatment lasted for 24 weeks.All participants were followed up at week 0,6,12,18,24 respectively and were evaluated by BASDAI 50.The primary end-point of this study was the percentage of patients achieved BASDAI 50 remission.Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.0.Independent t-test and x2 test were adopted to analyze data.Results 90％ of patients treated with combination therapy reached BASDAI50 at the 6th week.All patients in the G1 group achieved BASDAI 50 remission at 12th week,but the percentage dropped to 68.7％ at 18th week,which gradually decreased to 37.5％ at the 24th week.In G2 group,93.9％ patients reached BASDAI50,which declined to 81.8％ at the 18th week.The whole number accounted for 60％ at the end point of 24th week.In G3 group,85.7％ patients achieved BASDAI50 at the 12th week,accounted for 74.3％ at 18th week,and declined to 68.6％ at the 24th week.G3 group of patients presented a significantly higher rate than other groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sulfasalzine and rhTNFR combination therapy can gain remission in active AS patients after treated for six weeks.Doctors may extend TNF antagonist treatment in order to achieve long-term remission.

Expression of DOG-1 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and its significance / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the expression of DOG-1 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and to explore its potential association with clinicopathological features of GIST.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two tissue microarrays (TMA) were used for the study. Each TMA contained 80 tissue samples of GIST from 80 different patients, with each tumor represented by one core, and paraffin-embedded sections of 40 samples from normal gastrointestinal tissue were used as control. Immunohistochemistry staining (SABC method) was performed on TMA and paraffin-embedded sections to detected the expression of c-Kit (CD117) and DOG-1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemistry showed that in 80 GIST patients, 76 cases (95.0%) were DOG-1 positive and 67 cases (83.8%) were CD117 positive. The positive rate of DOG-1 was higher than that of CD117 (P<0.05). In 13 GIST samples of negative CD117, the positive rate of DOG-1 was 100%. Expressions of both DOG-1 and CD117 were negative in all the 40 samples of normal gastrointestinal tissue. The positive expression of DOG-1 and CD117 was not significantly different in spindle cell type (96.0% vs. 96.0%, P>0.05) and in mixed cell type (91.7% vs. 75.0%, P>0.05). While in the epithelioid cell type, the DOG-1 expression was higher than CD117 expression (94.1% vs. 52.9%, P<0.05). The positive expression of DOG-1 and CD117 was not associated with age, gender, location and risk stratification of the tumors (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DOG-1 expression is up-regulated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, especially in epithelioid cell GIST, and may be used as a new marker in the diagnosis of GIST.</p>

Treatment of patients with hypoparathyroidism accompanied by elevated serum muscle enzymes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The clinical data of patients with hypoparathyroidism accompanied by elevated and normal muscle enzymes were analyzed retrospectively.The results showed that there were no differences in age,gender,pathogenesis,etiology,and parathormone level between groups with elevated muscle enzyme and normal muscle enzyme.Serum calcium concentration in the group with normal muscle enzyme was within normal range.Serum calcium concentration in the group with elevated muscle enzyme was significantly lower than that in the group with normal muscle enzyme (P＜0.01).As the serum calcium concentration rose,the elevated enzyme level gradually returned to normal range,suggesting that the decrease of serum calcium concentration resulted in the elevated muscle enzyme levels in patients with hypoparathyroidism.

Changes in immunological function after treatment with transarterial chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Different strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have distinct effects on the immune system. The aim of this research was to investigate changes in the immunological function after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in HCC patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 51 consecutive HCC treatment-naïe patients was enrolled in this study and 20 healthy subjects served as controls. The therapeutic strategy was selected according to the tumor stage and general conditions. TACE was performed in 25 cases, TACE plus RFA in 17 and RFA in nine. All the patients underwent routine examinations and peripheral blood was harvested for the detection of lymphocyte subset by flow cytometry 1 day before, and 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment. The serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ALT and AST were also measured before and 4 weeks after treatment for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and liver function impairment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When compared with healthy controls, the CD4/CD8 ratio and the number of B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were significantly decreased in HCC patients before treatment (P < 0.05). When compared with before treatment, the CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio decreased but CD8+ cells increased in the TACE group (P < 0.05); the CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells decreased but CD8+ cells increased in the TACE-RFA group (P < 0.05); the CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells increased in the RFA group (P < 0.05). Significant differences in the CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells were observed among groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the AFP level decreased and transaminase level increased in all groups (P < 0.05). Differences of pre and post treatment between groups were statistically significant (P = 0.016, 0.025, 0.018 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Immunity was compromised in HCC patients; TACE and TACE plus RFA lowered immunologic function to a certain extent. RFA improved it accompanied by a protective effect on liver function.</p>

Plaster combined with splint for the treatment of gartland type III humeral supracondylar fractures in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study clinical effects of plaster combined with splint for the treatment of Gartland type 1I humeral fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2002 to May 2006, 24 children with humeral supracondylar fractures of Gartland type ill were reviewed. Among the patients, 14 patients were male and 10 patients were female, ranging in age from 4 to 12 years, averaged 6.6 years. Ten patients had injuries in the left and other 14 patients had injuries in the right limb. Firstly, the patients were treated with manipulative reduction to maintain the length of humerus without emphasis on anatomic reduction. Then, the patients were treated with external fixation using plaster for 5 to 7 days, and secondary manipulative reduction after swelling disappeared. Lastly, the patients were treated with external fixation using splint for 4 to 5 weeks until fracture union.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 5 months to 2 years, with an average of 1.2 years. All the patients had no complications such as neurovascular injury, myositis ossificans, forearm compartment syndrome and Volkmann contracture. According to ZHU Xiao-ting evaluation criteria for humeral supracondylar fractures in children, 12 patients got an excellent result, 8 good, 3 poor and 1 bad.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of child humeral supracondylar fractures with plaster and splint has several advantages such as avoiding serious soft tissue injuries around fractures due to many times reduction, fracture dynamic correction to obtain satisfactory reduction, reducing complications, obtaining good reduction, and restoring elbow function in a relatively short period of time.</p>