Clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis and risk factors for recurrence in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in children and investigate the the risk factors for recurrence of PB.@*METHODS@#This was a retrospective analysis of medical data of children with PB who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2022. The children were divided into a single occurrence of PB group and a recurrent PB group and the risk factors for recurrence of PB were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 107 children with PB were included, including 61 males (57.0%) and 46 females (43.0%), with a median age of 5.0 years, and 78 cases (72.9%) were over 3 years old. All the children had cough, 96 children (89.7%) had fever, with high fever in 90 children. Seventy-three children (68.2%) had shortness of breath, and 64 children (59.8%) had respiratory failure. Sixty-six children (61.7%) had atelectasis and 52 children (48.6%) had pleural effusion. Forty-seven children (43.9%) had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, 28 children (26.2%) had adenovirus infection, and 17 children (15.9%) had influenza virus infection. Seventy-one children (66.4%) had a single occurrence of PB, and 36 cases (33.6%) had recurrent occurrence of PB (≥2 times). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that involvement of ≥2 lung lobes (OR=3.376) under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts (OR=3.275), and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs (OR=2.906) were independent risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children with pneumonia accompanied by persistent high fever, shortness of breath, respiratory failure, atelectasis or pleural effusion should be highly suspected with PB. Involvement of ≥2 lung lobes under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts, and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs may be risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB.

Role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic kidney disease is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological characteristics mainly include epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) in glomerulus, podocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway is specifically regulated by a variety of mechanisms, and is a classic pathway involved in physiological activities such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. At present, many studies have found that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts, traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription improve the renal injury of diabetic kidney disease by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. This study clarified the mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease by expounding the relationship between the key targets of the pathway and diabetic kidney disease, and summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by interfering with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in recent years, to provide reference for drug research and clinical treatment of diabetic kidney disease in the future.

Design of Portable Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilator System Based on Threshold Trigger of Flow Rate Change / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to effectively treat respiratory diseases, a non-invasive positive pressure ventilator system is designed, the overall structure design of the system is proposed, and the hardware construction is completed. The breathing state of the patient is identified by the threshold triggering method of the flow rate of change, and the calculation of the flow rate of change is realized by the least squares method. At the same time, the breathing parameters are calculated in real time according to the flow-time and pressure-time characteristic curves. In addition, CMV, CPAP, BiPAP and PSV ventilation modes are also implemented. Finally, the parameter measurement accuracy and ventilation mode setting tests are carried out. The results show that the calculation of key breathing parameters provided by the system meets the relevant standards, and supports the stable output of 4 ventilation modes at the same time, provides breathing treatment for patients, and meets the basic functional requirements of the ventilator.

Rabdosia serra alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation,regulating Th17/Treg balance,maintaining intestinal barrier integrity,and modulating gut microbiota / 药物分析学报

Rabdosia serra(R.serra),an important component of Chinese herbal tea,has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis,jaundice,cholecystitis,and colitis.However,the chemical composition of R.serra and its effect against colitis remain unclear.In this study,the chemical composition of the water extract of R.serra was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS).A total of 46 compounds,comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and steroids,were identified in the water extract of R.serra,and the extract could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by improving colon length,upregulating anti-inflammatory factors,downregulating proinflammatory fac-tors,and restoring the balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells.R.serra also preserved intestinal barrier function by increasing the level of tight junction proteins(zonula occludens 1 and occludin)in mouse colonic tissue.In addition,R.serra modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing bacterial richness and diversity,increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria(Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,and Prevotellaceae_UCG-O01),and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria(Turi-cibacter,Eubacterium_fissicatena_group,and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group).Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics further confirmed that R.serra alleviated colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner.Overall,our findings provide chemical and biological evidence for the potential application of R.serra in the management of colitis.

Analysis of genetic and clinical characteristics of nine cases of myelodysplastic syndrome with near tetraploid/tetraploidy karyotype / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic and clinical characteristics of near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy karyotype (NT/T) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).@*METHODS@#Cytogenetic findings of 1576 inpatients with primary MDS were retrospective analyzed, among which 9 were diagnosed with NT/T. Clinical data including gender, age, morphology, genetic feature and prognosis were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of MDS patients with NT/T (NT/T-MDS) among all cases was 0.57%. Karyotyping analysis suggested that eight MDS patients had sole NT/T, while the remainder one had a complex karyotype. In addition to the typical morphology of MDS, NT/T-MDS had unique morphology including huge blast, double-nuclear cell and irregular nuclear membrane. One NT/T-MDS patient gave up therapy, and the remaining eight underwent the first course of treatment, albeit with poor prognosis. Only one patient had complete remission, one had partial remission, three had no remission; and three had converted to acute myeloid leukemia.@*CONCLUSION@#NT/T-MDS is rare and has unique morphology. Generally, NT/T-MDS patients have poor prognosis. However, NT/T cannot be simply classified as high-risk group, but with consideration whether they have affected particular chromosomal structures as well as other clinical data.

Current status of antibiotic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the current status of empirical antibiotic therapy for children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the effect of therapeutic paradigm on prognosis based on a retrospective analysis.@*METHODS@#A total of 78 children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis who were admitted from January 2014 to August 2017 were enrolled. According to the preferred empirical antibiotics before the detection of Staphylococcus aureus by blood culture, these children were divided into a carbapenem group with 16 children, a β-lactam group with 37 children, a vancomycin group with 15 children and a vancomycin+β-lactam group with 10 children. A retrospective analysis was performed for related clinical data including general status, underlying diseases, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, history of use of immunosuppressant, drug resistance to methicillin and prognosis. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of empirical antibiotic therapy on the clinical outcome and prognosis of children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences among these groups in general status, underlying diseases, history of use of immunosuppressant, APACHE II score, nosocomial infection and detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence rate of septic shock and in-hospital mortality among these four groups (P<0.05). The carbapenem group had the highest incidence rate of septic shock and in-hospital mortality (69% and 50% respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that empirical antibiotic therapy with different antibiotics had different risks for septic shock and in-hospital death in children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis (P<0.05), and that an APACHE II score of ≥15 was an independent risk factor for septic shock in these children (P<0.05). The carbapenem group had significantly higher risks of septic shock and in-hospital death than the vancomycin group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Inappropriate empirical use of antibiotics may lead to a poor prognosis in children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Empirical use of carbapenems is not recommended for children suspected of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

The Application of Ventilator Lengthening Tube in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Tracheotomy / 现代医院

Objective To Observe and evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for patients with tracheotomy using ventilator lengthening tube. Methods 75 patients with tracheotomy in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were divided into the study group (n = 38 cases) and the control group (n = 37 cases) according to the random number method. The control group used conventional oxygen inhalation while the study group used the ventilator tube after prolonged special oxygen hyperbaric oxygen pipe three (built-in ventilation pipe check valve) and bellows connecting an oxygen supply device, compared two groups of patients with oxygen inhalation methods suction phlegm oxygen concentration times and cabin, every time when treating. Results The rate of oxygen inhalation in the study group was 97. 37％ (37/38) higher than that of the control group (81. 08％ (30/37)), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). The number of sputum sucking in the study group was (1. 02 ± 0. 36) times less than that of the control group (2. 32 ± 0. 53), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). The total time of hospitalization in the study group was (16. 4 ± 2. 4) d, and the total time of hospitalization in the control group was (21. 7 ± 3. 2) d, the difference was statistically significant(WTBX〗P＜0. 05). The score of GCS in the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 01). Conclusion The ventilator extension tube for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with tracheotomy improves the oxygen concentration, ensures the curative effect, reduces the oxygen concentration in the cabin and reduces security risks; the operation method is safe, simple and practical and convenient for clinical application.

Expression of MCL-1 in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of MCL-1 in patient with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) with normal karyotype and to investigate the relationship of its expression level with clinical parameters and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of MCL-1 in the bone marrow from 37 newly diagnosed AML patients was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(FQ RT-PCR) and Western blot, and the relationship between its expression level and clinical parameters such as the age, sex, WBC count, Hb level, Plt count, blast ratio in BM, and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro prognosis was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression level of MCL-1 did not correlate with the age, sex, WBC count, Hb level, Plt count and the percentage of blast cells. There was no significant difference of MCL-1 expression in AML patients with or without extramedullary infiltration. The higher level of MCL-1 existed in AML patients who did not achieve complete remission with classical regimen. The resistant rate to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro was higher in the patients with higher level of MCL-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overexpression of MCL-1 is closely related with the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and may be used as an early indicator for judging multi-drug resistance and prognosis of AML.</p>

Investigation and analysis of community psychiatric stigma in schizophrenic patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the community psychiatric stigma among schizophrenic patients, to explore the related factors. Methods A total of 480 cases of schizophrenia patients were investigated using the method of Link series of stigma scale. Results A total of 480 questionnaires were issued, 436 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 90.83%. These 436 cases of schizophrenia patients perceived devaluation discrimination subscale scores, confidentiality, separation, withdrawal, education scores of coping style, the score of two dimensions of emotional experience showed statistically significant difference with median score 2.50 of the scale respectively (t=-8.393-7.930, P<0.01). The scores were significantly different in age, marriage, medical treatment among patients perceived devaluation discrimination score and stigma coping scores and the stigma of the emotional experience (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions There was widespread stigma in community patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that mental health intervention should be taken for timely intervention.

The application of functional magnetic resonance imaging technology in oral function research / 口腔疾病防治

@#Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a new magnetic resonance imaging inspection method, which can reflect the imageological change of cerebral cortex when human body is doing various functional movements. The functional movements of the oral cavity such as chewing, gustation, swallowing which is closely related to the changes in the cerebral cortex. Recent years, scholars home and abroad had done many oral researches by fMRI. The results of these studies have great guiding significance to the clinical work and research. It indicates that we can explore more clinical diseases through fMRI technology. This article summarizes the application of fMRI in oral functional research.

Fat emulsion tolerance in preterm infants of different gestational ages in the early stage after birth / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the fat emulsion tolerance in preterm infants of different gestational ages in the early stage after birth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 98 preterm infants were enrolled and divided into extremely preterm infant group (n=17), early preterm infant group (n=48), and moderate-to-late preterm infant group (n=33). According to the dose of fat emulsion, they were further divided into low- and high-dose subgroups. The umbilical cord blood and dried blood filter papers within 3 days after birth were collected. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the content of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The extremely preterm infant and early preterm infant groups had a significantly lower content of long-chain acylcarnitines in the umbilical cord blood and dried blood filter papers within 3 days after birth than the moderate-to-late preterm infant group (P<0.05), and the content was positively correlated with gestational age (P<0.01). On the second day after birth, the low-dose fat emulsion subgroup had a significantly higher content of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines than the high-dose fat emulsion subgroup among the extremely preterm infants (P<0.05). In the early preterm infant and moderate-to-late preterm infant groups, there were no significant differences in the content of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines between the low- and high-dose fat emulsion subgroups within 3 days after birth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with moderate-to-late preterm infants, extremely preterm infants and early preterm infants have a lower capacity to metabolize long-chain fatty acids within 3 days after birth. Early preterm infants and moderate-to-late preterm infants may tolerate high-dose fat emulsion in the early stage after birth, but extremely preterm infants may have an insufficient capacity to metabolize high-dose fat emulsion.</p>

Combination of Homoharringtonine with Arsenic Trioxide Induces Apoptosis of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line U937 / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects and mechanisms of the combination of homoharringtonine (HHT) with arsenic trioxide(AsO) on human myeloid cell line U937 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT method was used to determine the antiproliferating effect of different concentrations of HHT, AsOand their combination on U937 cells; the flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining was used to determine the apoptosis-induced effect of HHT and AsOalone or their combination; Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression of P-Akt,P-Akt,BCL-XL, BID,MCL-1,P-MCL-1 and so on.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HHT and AsOcould significantly inhibit proliferation of U937 cells and induce their apoptosis. The combination of these 2 drugs could significantly enhance the early apoptosis of U937 cells. After combination of these 2 drugs was used, the protein expressions of P-Akt,P-Akt,MCL-1,P-MCL-1 and BCL-XL were obviously down-regulated, but the expression of BID protein did not change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination treatment of HHT and AsOcan synergistically inhibit the growth of U937 cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signal way and MCL-1 protein.</p>

Brain Efficient Connectivity Analysis of Attention Based on the Granger Causality Method / 生物医学工程学杂志

The study of brain information flow is of great significance to understand brain function in the field of neuroscience. The Granger causality is widely used functional connectivity analysis using multivariate autoregressive model based on the predicted mechanism. High resolution electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of ten healthy subjects were collected with a visual selective attention task. Firstly, independent component analysis was used to extract three spatially independent components of the occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices. Secondly, the Granger causal connectivity was computed between these three regions based on the Granger causality method and then independent sample t-test and bootstrap were used to test the significance of connections. The results showed that Granger causal connectivity existed from frontal to occipital and from parietal to occipital in attentional condition, while causal connectivity from frontal to occipital disappeared in unattentional condition.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Chikusetsu oleanane saponin on RAW264. 7 cell through regulating SIRT1 activity / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate SIRT1 activity and an-ti-inflammatory effects of Chikusetsu oleanane saponin ( COS) on the RAW264. 7 macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . Methods The nitric oxide ( NO) release was detected with Griess method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) , interleukin 1β( IL-1β) . Nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) and silent information ad-justment factor 1 ( SIRT1 ) were tested by immunofluo-rescence. Results 1 mg · L-1 LPS co-cultured with COS at 25~300 mg·L-1 had no significant effect on the growth of RAW264. 7 cells. Compared with the LPS group, COS effectively inhibited the NO release and suppressed the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and also inhibited the translocation of NF-κB and up-regulation of SIRT1 . Conclusion COS has protective effects on RAW264. 7 cells stimulated by LPS, which may be related to up-regulating the expression of SIRT1 and promoting the deacetylation of NF-κB, thereby in-hibiting the translocation of NF-κB and reducing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β.

Clinical analysis of occult hepatitis B virus infection in 110 HBsAg-negative patients / 解放军医学杂志

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in HBsAg-negative patients, and analyze its clinical features. Methods Serum samples from HBsAg-negative patients from Mar. 2012 to Jan. 2014 in Chongqing Medical University were collected. The amount of HBV DNA of these patients was undetectable by fluorescent quantitative PCR. HBV DNA was extracted with high pure viral nucleic acid kit. The C, S and X genes of HBV genome were amplified by nested PCR. The patients with different gender, different ages, and different serological patterns (anti-HBc+ alone and anti-HBs+ /anti-HBc±), and OBI incidence in the patients with liver injury induced by various etiological factors were analyzed. Results The patients with two or more positive DNA segments were identified to have OBI based on nested PCR, and the positive rate of OBI was 23.6%(26/110), and there was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, and serological patterns. The incidence of OBI was 35.1% in the patients who had liver injury, while 11.3% in those with normal liver function, showing a significant statistical difference (P<0.01). The prevalence of OBI was 31.0%(9/29) and 39.3%(11/28) in the patients with liver injury of undetermined origin and in those with liver injury of defined origin respectively. Conclusions OBI is more likely to occur in HBsAg-negative individuals with liver dysfunction, while OBI is one of the causes of unexplained liver damage. Therefore, prompt detection of HBV DNA is necessary to exclude OBI in those individuals.

Expression of HIF-1α in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells and its relationship with prognosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was aimed to detect the expression of HIF-1α in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) except acute promyelocyte leukemia (APL) and investigate the relationship of its expression levels with clinical parameters and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary AML cells were collected from peripheral blood of 53 newly diagnosed AML patients by using CD3 negative sorting. The expression of HIF-1α was measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) , and the relationship between expression level of HIF-1α and clinical parameters (age, sex, WBC count, clinical typing, prognosis) was analysed according to relative expression level. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the protein level of HIF-1α in AML patients with or without extramedullary infiltration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression level of HIF-1α did not correlate with age, sex, WBC count, Hb level, Plt count and the percentage of blast. There was no significant difference of HIF-1α expression between different AML subtype based on FAB. The higher level of HIF-1α was found in AML patients who did not get complete remission after one or two courses of chemotherapy, however, the difference was not statistically significant. The relapse rate was higher in AML patients with the higher expression of HIF-1α. In addition, the higher level of HIF-1α mRNA and protein were found in bone marrow of AML patients with extramedullary infiltration (P < 0.01). The negative correlation between HIF-1α and PTEN was observed (r = -0.48, P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Overexpression of HIF-1α are closely related with extramedullary infiltration and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia, and may be used as an early indicator of extramedullary infiltration and prognosis.</p>

Exploration and practice of research-based teaching in the course of theory of Meridians and Acupoints for acupuncture and tuina specialty / 中国针灸

For the purpose of exploring the teaching reform model and method, also promoting the quality of talents in acupuncture and tuina field, the research-based teaching model is applied into the course of Theory of Meridians and Acupoints. This method includes two parts of teaching and learning. For teachers, they bring modern research focus and trend into teaching through questionnaire survey among students, aiming to integrate the education inside and outside class. For students, they are guided to resolve the opening, enlightening and scalable issues through consulting abundant resources of literature and database to achieve autonomous participation in the course of learning. By this teaching method, it is expected to train the student's ability of expanding their thinking, as well as discovering, analyzing and solving the problem.

Regulatory effects of CD44 antibody-A3 D8 on IL-3 Rαand downstream PI3 K/Akt pathway in NB4 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of CD44 anti-body-A3 D8 on the expression of IL-3 Rα and down-stream PI3K/Akt in NB4 cells. Methods The ex-pression of IL-3 Rα mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, the IL-3Rα protein expression and changes of PI3 K/Akt signal pathway in NB4 cells treated with A3D8 were analyzed by Western blot. An-nexin-V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry was u-tilized to detect the apoptotic cells. The inhibitor of PI3 K/Akt signaling LY294002 combined with A3 D8 was used to inhibit the PI3K/Akt in NB4 cells. Re-sults After treated with A3 D8 , both the transcription-al level and translational level of IL-3 Rα were remark-ably reduced, and the PI3K/Akt pathway was inhibi-ted. LY294002 improved the inhibitory and apoptotic effects of A3D8 on NB4 cells. Conclusion CD44 antibody A3 D8 can downregulate the expression of IL-3Rα and inhibit the downstream PI3K/Akt pathway.

Clinical analysis of opioid drug on treating 146 case moderate or severe cancer pain / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the distribution of moderate to severe cancer pain and administrated dose of opioid drugs in order to provide the reference for the treatment of moderate and severe cancer pain.Methods Retrospective analyzed the clinical data of 146 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain.The information were recorded including opioid use dose,cancer pain incidence,age,gender,height,weight,body surface area and type of tumor.Results There were no significant difference among patients with opioids drug administration in terms of gender,average daily oral dose(x2 =0.473,Z =-0.185,P ＞ 0.05).Meanwhile cancer incidence rate was same in different age groups (x2 =2.280,P =0.684).The average daily opioid dose in patients with over 80 year old was the lowest among other age groups (Z =-2.745,-1.986,-2.141,-2.162;P ＜0.05).Cancer pain incidence in patients with hepatobiliary pancreatic tumors were 67.50％ (27/40),highest than other different types cancer including metastatic tumor(62.50％ (10/16)),urinary tumor (61.54％ (8/13)),lung cancer (52.63％ (50/95)),breast cancer and gynecological tumor (50.00％ (17/34)),gastrointestinal tumor(41.94％ (26/62)),other tumors 38.46％ (5/13) and head and neck tumor(25.00％ (3/12)),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =23.672,P ＜ 0.05).The average day oral morphine dose of different types tumor were listed as followed from high to low in the order:160 (80,200) mg of metastatic tumors,120 (60,160) mg of breast and gynecological tumor,100 (40,125) mg of lung cancer,90(45,115) mg of urinary tract tumors,80(60,160) mg of other tumors,70(50,90) mg of hepatobiliary pancreatic tumor,60 (40,80) mg of gastrointestinal tumor,55 (40,70) mg of head and neck tumor.There were significant differences in terms of among oral morphine dose per day of different type tumors (H=14.280,P ＜0.05).No correlation was found between pain patients with height,body mass,body surface area and average daily dose of morphine (r =-0.045,-0.042,-0.046 ; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion No significant differences were found in terms of moderate to severe cancer pain among different type tumors at different and age groups.While there is significant difference in term of cancer pain incidence among different tumor types.The average daily amount of morphine in patients with cancer pain is not related to gender,height,body mass and body surface area.The average amount of morphine of patients with age over 80 years old is significantly lower than that of the other age groups,and the average amount of morphine t is related to cancer type.

Clinical observation on treating severe neonatal diaper rash with hip bath and oxygen blowing / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective This research is to observe the treatment effects of hip bath and oxygen blowing on severe neonatal diaper rash.Methods 289 neonates with severe diaper rash were randomly divided into three groups.91 cases in the flat tube group,102 cases in the round tube group and 96 cases in the control group.Three groups of neonates were cleaned on the hips and perineuma after poops and then dried with wet tissues and Mupirocin Ointment.The control group was treated with the above-mentioned method.The oxygen blowing groups were treated with hip bath of 1:5000 chameleon solution twice a day.Blowing the hips with oxygen five minutes every time after hip bath.The method of blowing oxygen was that oxygen humidifying containers as normal oxygen aspiration facilities was not filled with water,whose oxygen flowing volume standed at 10 L/min and whose tube blew at the afflicted parts until being dry.The oxygen blower held the oxygen exit and blowed at the afflicted parts in the round tube group and the oxygen blower flattened the oxygen exit and blew at the afflicted parts in the fiat tube group.The treatment effects will be compared among the three groups four days later.Results The cure period of the round tube group was obviously shorter than that of the control group,and the cure period of the fiat tube group was remarkably shorter than that of the round tube group.The total effective rate in the round tube group was obviously higher than that of the control group and the total effective rate in the fiat tube group was obviously higher than that in the round tube group.The difference had a statistical significance.Conclusions The treatment effects for the severe neonatal diaper rash with hip bath and oxygen blowing are remarkable and the oxygen blowing effects with fiat tubes are better than those with round tubes.