RESUMO
Objective:To analyze the abnormal dose monitoring result of radiation staff in medical institutions and provide a basis for standardizing the personal dose management of radiation staff in medical institutions.Methods:Through the occupational radiation disease monitoring subsystem of the National Radiation Health Information Platform, 516 individual dose monitoring abnormal result of 410 radiation workers in a single monitoring period, which in 168 medical institutions under the 18 cities in Henan province were collected from 2020 to 2022 as research objects. Based on gender, age, length of service, occupational category, medical institution level, whether the dosimeter wearing standard, the abnormal result of radiation workers were grouped to analyze the influencing factors of individual dose monitoring result.Results:The incidence of abnormal individual dose monitoring result in 2020-2022 was 6.83 × 10 -3, 5.22 × 10 -3 and 6.30 × 10 -3, respectively. Abnormal results were mainly distributed in male radiology workers (66.83%), diagnostic radiology (59.51%) and interventional radiology (34.63%), tertiary (54.39%) and secondary medical institutions (36.34%). In the case of wearing personal dosimeter in a standard or irregular way, there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of abnormal outcomes between different levels of medical institutions and different occupational categories( χ2=14.42, 6.56, 32.96, 177.15, P<0.05). The median annual individual dose of radiology workers with " abnormal exposure dose" due to increased workload was 3.95 mSv, and the annual individual dose of interventional radiology workers was higher than that of radiotherapeutic workers ( Z=5.07, P<0.05). Conclusions:The education and training of radiological protection should be strengthened, and the wearing of individual dosimeters should be standardized; focus on the occupational exposure of interventional radiology staff, and take effective measures to reduce their exposure dose.
RESUMO
Objective:To explore whether or not radioactive wastewater leakage or overflow exists in the nuclear medicine decay pool after the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster and to analyze its causes, so as to provide scientific basis for the design, construction and maintenance of the nuclear medicine decay pool and the radiation protection management of nuclear medicine in the future.Methods:Three hospitals A, B and C where 131I therapy are being performed were selected in Zhengzhou city, Henan province. Sampling points were set based on the monitoring result of the environmental radiation level around the nuclear medical decay pool in line with the relevent standard method. Soil samples were collected at different depths. The 131I radioactivity level in the soil was measured using HPGe gamma spectrometer, with the measured result being processed and analyzed. Results:Except for Hospital B where no 131I was detected, different 131I activity concentrations were detected in the soil samples collected around the nuclear medicine decay pool at Hospitals A and C. The 131I activity concentrations ranged from 16.4 to 98 111.8 Bq/kg at Hospital A and from 10.6 to 7 176.6 Bq/kg at Hospital C. After a time period of decay, the repeated detection has shown that the 131I activity concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 17.0 Bq/kg at Hospital A and from 3.9 to 7.1 Bq/kg at Hospital C. The 131I activity concentration in the soil at the depth of 0-5 cm was higher than that at the depth of 5-10 cm soil at the same sampling point. The ratios of activity concentration of 131I between different depths ranged from 1.3 to 13.1, with the median value of 5.9. Conclusions:After the 7·20 extraordinary rainstorm disaster, the surrounding environment of nuclear medicine decay pools at a few hospitals was contamminated by 131I to some extent. To prevent the risk of leakage of radioactive wastewater, the safety evaluation and management of radiation protection should be made better with increased awareness during the design, evaluation, construction and use of nuclear medicine decay pools.
RESUMO
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) refers to a state of neuropsychological or neurophysiological abnormality and normal cognitive function in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of MHE can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce accidental deaths. At present, Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score is mainly used for the diagnosis of MHE, but its operation is complicated and time-consuming and is affected by age and educational level, with unsatisfactory reliability in clinical diagnosis. Serum biomarkers are objective reference indicators with simple and convenient measurement and can easily be promoted in clinical practice. Potential serum biomarkers such as S100β, 3-nitrotyrosine, and arterial blood ammonia have their own advantages and disadvantages in specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic value. This article reviews the above-mentioned serum biomarkers.
RESUMO
Objective To scale the frequencise of medical X-ray diagnosis based on the survey conducted in 58 hospitals to the all hospitals in Henan province,in order to make them available for providing the basis for reasonable application of diagnostic radiology.Methods Stratified sampling method was used to select medical institutions at different levels in 6 cities in the province as sample hospitals.The information of examined patients on sex,age,diagnostic type and exposure category were gathered and the results were analyzed.Results The sex ratio of male and female examined patients was close to 1∶1.The largest proportion,60.47％,of examined patients was from the age group of above 40 years old among the three age groups.Medical diagnositc medical X-ray examinations mainly include conventional X-ray photography and CT examination,accounting for 52.15％ and 40.31％,respectively.Chest examination contributed the largest propotions,23.84％,of conventional diagnositic X-ray examination and,13.25％,of CT examination respectively.CT examinations were mainly concentrated in the secondary and tertiary hospitals,accounting for 21.54％ and 72.99％ of the total CT examinations,respectively.Contrast examination,mammography and extracorporeal lithotripsy were concentrated in the tertiary hospitals,accounting for 77.82％,95.01％ and 100％ of the same type of examinations,respectively.Conventional photographic examinations were mainly conducted in primary hospitals,accounting for 74.56％ of all types of examinations in the primary hospitals.By using multiple linear regression model,the diagnostic examination frequency in 2016 was estimated to be 826 examinations per 1 000 population,of which the frequency of dianostic X-ray examination and CT examination were 541 per 1 000 and 285 per 1 000,respectively.Conclusions The frequency of diagnostic radiology in Henan has increased rapidly in recent years.All types of diagnostic radiology equipment are unevenly distributed in hospitals at different levels which posed a challenge for health care.Relevant departments should make efforts to reallocation of diagnostic radiology equipment in such hospitals and make utilization of health resources more reasonable.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate radiation risk perception and nuclear acceptance after the 60Co stuck source incident in June 2009 in Qixian County,Henan Province.Methods From March to April 2010,23 hamlets and 2 schools from 5 towns in Qixian County were selected,while 3 hamlets and 2 schools from 3 towns were used as control in Huixian County,1 35 km away where no any impact of the incident was found.Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among three groups including mass public,elite public(representatives of public opinion,such as physicians,teachers,govemmental officials,administrative personnel,private entrepreneurs),and middie school students(the third grade students in junior middle schools and the first grade students in senior middle schools).Results A total of 1 340 valid questionnaires were collected.The public knowledge levels about radiation and nuclear power were low among all groups in two areas and public knowledge levels in Qixian County were higher than those in Huixian County.In both areas.the knowledge levels of the students were higher tIIan those among the elite public,and that among the general public were the lowest.The knowledge levels of males and those with higher educational levels were higher than those of females and those with lower educational levels.More than 40.0% of the respondents supported the idea to build nuclear power plants in China.but only a small part of them supported to build nuclear power plants in their own areas.The percentages of opponents against local nuclear power plant construction were especially higher among the students and those with higher educational levels.More than 60% of the mass public and elite public believed the explanation of the government.More than 80% of the respondents held negative attitudes towards the performance of the Qixian County Government in dealing with this incident.The student gave the lowest evaluation of the credibility and the specific performance of the local government,whereas the elite public placed themselves between the students and the mass public.The reasons why the local people left their homes to evade risk included rumors(67.2%),lack of radiation knowledge(61.9%),group psychology(59.2%),and failure of the government to inform the truth to the public in time(42.3%).Conclusions The public still fails to know enough about radiation and nuclear power.Although they trust the government,they are dissatisfied with the performance of the local government in dealing with the incident.The negative evaluation of the students is worth concerning.