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Glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON)is the difficulty of glaucoma treatment. In recent years, a variety of theories have been put forward about the pathogenesis of GON, but none of them can explain the principle of optic neuropathy caused by all types of glaucoma, which makes the disease difficult to treat in clinical treatment and is not conducive to early intervention. The latest research found that the transient receptor potential channel vanillic acid subfamily 4(TRPV4)in the retina plays an important role in various pathogenesis of GON. This article will review TRPV4 and its role in the occurrence and development of GON in order to find a common “connection point” for the multiple mechanism theories of GON, which will contribute to further understanding and clinical treatment of the disease.
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AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of intense pulsed light(IPL)combined with meibomian gland expression(MGX)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-related dry eye disease(DED).METHODS: Chinese and English databases such as Chinese national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, CBM, ClinicalTrials, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched, and clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using IPL combined with MGX in the experimental group and MGX alone in the control group from January 2017 to September 2022 were included. Six outcome indicators including clinical efficacy, ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, break-up time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)score, tear meniscus height(TMH)and meibomian gland yielding secretion score(MGYSS)were Meta analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14 software.RESULTS: A total of 15 RCTs were included, with 1 345 patients with MGD-related dry eye. Meta-analysis results showed that the treatment of MGD-related dry eye in the experimental group improved better clinical efficacy(OR=4.95, 95%CI: 2.76～8.90, Z=5.35, P<0.00001), BUT(SMD=1.26, 95%CI: 0.84～1.69, Z=5.78, P<0.00001), TMH(SMD=0.37, 95%CI: 0.15～0.59, Z=3.33, P=0.0009), and reduced OSDI scores(SMD=-0.86, 95%CI: -1.44～-0.27, Z=2.85, P=0.004)as well as MGYSS(SMD=-2.43, 95%CI: -4.31～-0.54, Z=2.52, P=0.01)than the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in CFS scores(SMD=-0.19, 95%CI: -0.46～0.07, Z=1.43, P=0.15).CONCLUSION: IPL combined with MGX in the treatment of MGD related dry eye can increase the overall effective rate and improve the symptoms and signs of patients with MGD related dry eye better than MGX alone.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the quality variation of Lonicera japonica flower from different harvesting periods by ultraviolet visible（UV-Vis） fingerprint combined with chemometrics. MethodTwenty-five L. japonica flower samples from five harvesting periods， including young bud stage，green bud stage，white bud stage，silver and golden flower stages， were collected， with five samples for each stage. UV-Vis fingerprints of L. japonica flower from different harvesting periods were established in the context of the optimum extraction method based on the single factor experiment. The results showed that the absorption values at 209，216，226，250，280，303，318， and 350 nm were significantly different. Moreover，after data pretreatment and normalization，multivariate statistical analyses， such as principal component analysis （PCA），partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA），and orthogonal PLS-DA （OPLS-DA）were performed by SIMCA-P+ to establish the quality variation model of L. japonicas flower from harvesting periods. ResultAs revealed by PCA and PLS-DA， L. japonicas flower samples from five harvesting periods were clustered separately and closely in a harvesting time-dependent manner， suggesting that the content of components contained in samples from different harvesting periods was highly distinct and correlated with harvesting periods. The pairwise comparison of OPLS-DA indicated that triterpenoids or volatile oils were the main components causing the changes from the young bud stage to the green bud stage，and the content of them decreased. The main components from the green bud stage to the white bud stage were triterpenoids （or iridoids），volatile oils，phenolic acids， or flavonoids，and the content of them decreased， which was consistent with the HPLC result of chlorogenic acid. From the white bud stage to the silver flower stage， the main components were iridoids （increasing in content） and triterpenoids （or volatile oils） （decreasing in content）. The main altered components from the silver flower stage to the golden flower stage were triterpenoids （or volatile oils） whose content increased. ConclusionThis method is simple and feasible， which can provide references for the quality control of Chinese medicine.
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Aim To investigate the effect of Li-Zhong-Tang (LZT) in the treatment of gastric ulcer (GU) with pattern of spleen-stomach vacuity cold in rats based on Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, GU model group, esomeprazole (ESO) group, LZT low dose and high dose groups. The morphological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by naked eyes and HE staining. The activities of gastric acid and pepsin were measured. The contents of prostaglandin E
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Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (FLRSM) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Method:Possible intake active components and targets of FLRSM were screened out and predicted by traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP). Gene targets related to RP were mined through disease gene databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of component-targets and disease-targets were mapped by functional protein association networks (STRING), and the intersection of the two networks was obtained. The gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway of the intersection network were analyzed by the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery(DAVID). CytoHubba analysis was used to screen out the key targets. Result:A total of 390 active ingredients related to FLRSM were retrieved from TCMSP. According to pharmacokinetic parameters, 110 active ingredients were screened out, 19 active ingredients were further screened out, and 208 targets related to these constituents were retrieved. Totally 206 genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease gene databases. And 79 genes were obtained from the intersection of PPI networks of component targets and disease targets. These genes mainly involved in biological processes, such as protein autophosphorylation, transcriptional regulation and cell proliferation, and the molecular functions mainly involved adenosine triphosphate binding, transcription factor activity, core promoter binding, and were enriched in nuclear, transcription factor complex, nucleus, cytoplasm and other regions. It was mainly related to neurotrophin signaling pathway, cell cycle related pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. And 8 key gene targets for FLRSM treatment of RP were identified by further screening. Conclusion:The material basis of pharmacodynamic action of FLRSM involves 19 active ingredients, such as porous sterol and tanshinone ⅡA. The key targets of FLRSM in the treatment of RP include 8 genes, such as E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1) and retinoblastoma gene1(RB1).The main mechanism is related to the regulation of neurotrophin signaling pathways, cell cycle related pathways and other signaling networks.
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· AIM:To evaluate the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of dry eye effect in the past five years by using meta analysis method.· METHODS:According to the Cochrane evaluation system method,we searched Medline (January 2013 to October 2017),EMbase (2013-2017),Cochrane Library (2017),Wanfang database (2013-2017),VIP (2013-2017),and CNKI(2013-2017) for studies published.We included randomized controlled trials conducted the TCM in the treatment of dry eye.RevMan 5.0 statistical software data extraction and Meta analysis were conducted.· RESULTS:A total of 10 studies were identified,nine were from Chinese literature and one was from English literature,of which including 1 229 eyes.Nine of these studies performed BUT measurements at the end of the course of treatment.The results showed a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.00001).Nine studies performed tear flow measurements at the end of the course of treatment and the results showed a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.0001).Two studies performed FL measurements after the end of the course of treatment;the results showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.25).Three studies performed dry eye symptoms after the end of the course of treatment;the results showed that the differences were statistically significant (P=0.0003);the overall efficacy comparison,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.00001).· CONCLUSION:TCM treatment can significantly prolong BUT and increase tear flow,and has more advantages in the treatment of dry eye.
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AIM:To remark the effect of Qingguang'an Ⅱ on expression of PAX6, Ngn1, and Ngn2 mRNA of rats with chronic high intraocular pressure.METHODS:Totally 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, that was:A:blank group, B:model group, C:Qingguang'an Ⅱ low dose group, D:Qingguang'an Ⅱ moderate dose group, E:Qingguang'an Ⅱ high dose group, F:Yimaikang disket group.B, C, D, E, F groups of experimental rats were established the model of chronic high intraocular pressure (IOP) by cauterizing of superficial scleral vein.Animal model was established successfully by using monitoring IOP consistently keep above 25mmHg for 8wk as cut-off criterion.Tissues of Eyes were obtained after intragastric administration for 2wk and 4wk.The expressions of PAX6, Ngn1, and Ngn2 mRNA were investigated by Real-time PCR.RESULTS:At the time-point of 2wk, PAX6, Ngn1, and Ngn2 mRNA in group B were statistically expressed in lower level comparing with other groups (P0.05).CONCLUSION:In summar, Qingguang'an Ⅱ and Yimaikang disket can remarkably increase the expressions of PAX6, Ngn1, and Ngn2, which suggest protecting the optic nerve of rats caused by chronic high IOP.What's more, this study indicated that, in the protection of optic nerve of rats with chronic high IOP, the high dose of Qingguang'an Ⅱ at the time-point of 4wk was the better choice.
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Invigorating blood and dissolving stasis method is a kind of unique therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) treatment, which efficacy has become increasingly prominent in the treatment of ophthalmology.With the further studies of blood stasis and invigorating blood and dissolving stasis therapy, it is widely used in clinical ophthalmology, and get good effects beyond thought, especially when western medicine has no curative effects.It improved the cure rate of fundus oculi disease from the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, vitreous body to the choroid and retina, optic nerve and macula lutea, from surface to fundus, or pathological changes related to inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, atrophy, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue hyperplasia.This paper is aim to explain the definition of invigorating blood and dissolving stasis and make a review of basic research and clinical application about it in several diseases.
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The chemical constituents of Plantaginis Semen with hypoglycemic effect was investigated in this paper. The previous results of the in vivo hypoglycemic effect showed that 60% ethanol extract of Plantaginis Semen decreased the levels of FBG and improved the glucose tolerance in high fat diet(HFD)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Then, in the present study, the above potential bioactive extract was separated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)and preparative HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Eight compounds were obtained and identified as 4, 4a, 5, 7a-tetrahydro-7-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one(1), iridolactone(2), pedicularislacton(3), rehmaglutin C(4), geniposidic acid(5), p-hydroxylphenylglycerol(6), 1, 2-benzenediol-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)(7), and 3-buten-2-one-4-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxyphenyl](8). Among them, compounds 1-5 were iridoids, and 6-8 were phenolic acids. Compound 1 was a new natural product, and compounds 2-4, 6 and 8 were isolated from the Plantaginaceae family for the first time.
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?AlM: To observe the effect of Qingguang'an on elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery through the four Qingguang'an effective groups and Qingguang'an granules, to discuss and compare their mechanism of action on scarring area of filtration canal.?METHODS:Four effective components of Qingguang'an were used in groups D, E, F, G and H after glaucoma surgery, compared with group A ( blank ) , group B (model) and group C ( MMC) to observe the effect of elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring filtration canal.?RESULTS:Compared with the preoperative basic lOP and 2d , 1, 2, 4wk postoperative lOP of groups C, E and H, the lOP of three group rose up slower than other groups, and kept the lowest data at 28d. There was significant difference compared with the rest of A, B, D, F, G groups (P0. 05). The difference was statistically significant among other groups (P<0. 01).?CONCLUSlON:The scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery is the major reason which lead to the failure of surgery. Qingguang'an effective group 2, Qingguang'an granules and MMC could reduced the scar tissue by restrained the elastic fiber, TlMP - 1 and increased the MMP-7. By observing the experimental results that both Qingguang'an effective group 2 and Qingguang'an granules could restrained the scarring area of filtration canal, the effects were unbiased, Qingguang'an granules group is better than effective group 2.
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AIM: To evaluate the effects of total flavonoid of chrysanthemum on the expressions of Fas and FasL in male rabbits with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of the total flavonoid of chrysanthemum on dry eye. METHODS: Totally 150 male Japanses white rabbits were divided into blank group ( group A ) , sham -operated group ( group B ) , model group ( group C ) , androgen control treatment group (group D), and total flavonoid of chrysanthemum treatment group ( group E ) . The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group C, D and E. Rabbits in group E were treated with total flavonoid of chrysanthemum. Rabbits in group D were treated with androgen intramuscular injection. Rabbits in the group A, group B, group C was treated with normal saline. All rabbits were detected with Schirmer's Ⅰ test and tear break-up time (BUT). Fas, FasL were checked on immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:The Schirmer's I test values of group E was significantly higher than that of group C ( P CONCLUSION:The main component of chrysanthemum is flavonoid, which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye in rabbit after androgen level lowered and lacrimal gland apoptosis and keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops (EBOED) on basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, and expressions of androgen receptors (AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the mechanism of EBOED on dry eye caused by decreased anti-androgen levels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group, and the treatment group (treated by EBOED), respectively. Rats in each group were further divided into three sub-groups (fed for one month, two months, and three months, respectively). There were totally nine groups, with five in each. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy of rats in the model group and the treatment group. EBOED was given to rats in the treatment group for one successive month. Schirmer I test (SIT) and breakup time of tear film (BUT) were determined in all experimental rats. Expressions of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ths SIT value, BUT, and AR positive rate in the model group at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd month were lower than those in the blank group of the same time points (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in SIT value, BUT, and AR positive rate between the model group and the treatment group at the three time points (P < 0.01). Take the three-month subgroup as an example, the SIT value in the treatment group was (12.667 +/- 5.221) mm, obviously higher than that in the model group (2.676 +/- 1.987) mm. The BUT in the treatment group was (11.758 +/- 4.415) s, obviously longer than that of the model group (4.667 +/- 2.108) s. The AR positive rate in the treatment group was 49.33% +/- 3.44%, obviously higher than that of the model group (33.32% +/- 7.12%, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main components of EBOED was the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit the occurrence of dry eye in rats with decreased androgen levels. Its mechanism might possibly be similar to androgen.</p>
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Buddleja , Química , Síndromes do Olho Seco , Tratamento Farmacológico , Metabolismo , Flavonas , Farmacologia , Usos Terapêuticos , Aparelho Lacrimal , Metabolismo , Orquiectomia , Extratos Vegetais , Farmacologia , Usos Terapêuticos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Androgênicos , MetabolismoRESUMO
AIM: To explore the effect of Buddleia flavonoids drug-containing plasma and androgen receptor(AR) blocker on the expression of STAT1 phosphoprotein.METHODS: In vitro lacrimal gland epithelial cells were cultivated with H2O2 to establish the dry eye apoptosis state. Blank plasma group, Buddleia officinalis plasma total flavonoids interfere with drug-containing group, and the intervention group of testosterone propionate were set. The expressions of STAT1 phosphoprotein of each group were observed by Western blot and AR blocker flutamide was used to explore the intended androgen effect of Buddleia flavonoids.RESULTS: After the intervention of drug-containing plasma, the expression of STAT1 Phosphoprotein in Buddleja officinalis drug-containing plasma intervention group(0.353±0.494) and testosterone propionate intervention group(0.502±0.036) were enhanced and the differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.01). After using the AR blocker in all groups, the expression of STAT1 phosphoprotein in each group (0.268±0.061,0.283±0.106,0.213±0.071) had no difference.CONCLUSION: Buddleja officinalis drug-containing plasma total flavonoids can promote the expression of STAT1 phosphorylation.
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AIM: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors(AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance. METHODS:A total of 45 Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into 9 groups, including normal group(A1,A2 and A3), model group(B1,B2 and B3), therapy group with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops(C1,C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group B,C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). RESULTS:The SⅠt value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B,which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity.CONCLUSION:The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it could display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.