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Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit (ICU) and the tendencies of its drug-resistances.Methods All of 130 patients of nosocomial infection from March 2009 to March 2013.Results Of all the nosocomial infection pathogens,gram-negative(G-) bacteria was the main(53.76％).The first five pathogens were E.coli(13.9％),E.faecalis (11.3％),A.baumannii (10.3％),S.aureus (9.8％) and K.pneumoniae (8.3％).The lower resistant to pseudomonas aeruginosa were amikacin (5.3％).A.baumannii increases rapidly and its resistances was severe.Two trains of E.faecalis were resistant to vancomycin.Conclusion G-bacteria is the main pathogens in ICU,fungal has upward tendency.The multidrug resistances of A.baumannii and E.faecalis were severe; Target monitoring is an effective surveillance method to reduce the prevalence of the nosocomial infection in ICU.
RESUMO
Objective:To compare the clinical effects of Percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy (PCNL) and transurethral ureteroscopy (URL) in the treatment of impacted upper ureteral calculi.Methods:Since 2008, There were 144 cases with incarcerated upper ureteral calculi in hospital, all patients were divided into two groups according to the different ways of treatment, the PCNL group with 72 cases and the URL group with another 72 cases. Monitor and record the rate of overall fragment, and the stone clearance rate of 3d and a month after the operation, average length of stay and total costs of the two groups. Through the Analysis to the data obtained, compare the clinical results of PCNL and URL in the treatment of impacted upper ureteral calculi.Results: For PCNL group, the rate of overall fragment, and the stone clearance rate of 3d and a month after the operation was 95.8% (69/72), 93.1% (67/72) and 98.6% (71/72), while for URL group, the data was 84.7% (61/72), 83.3% (60/72) and 86.1% (62/72), the difference was statistically significant (x2=5.18,x2=5.85,x2=6.49;P<0.05); The operation time, average length of stay and total costs for PCNL group are greater than the URL group, and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.80, t=4.87,t=5.34;P<0.05).Conclusion: PCNL compared with the URL in the treatment of impacted upper ureteral calculi has a better performance on stone clearance, but there are problems of higher costs and longer hospital stay. Accordingly, patients need a comprehensive comparison and choose the appropriate way.