Development and application of cue-based feeding process in premature infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To establish a prompt based feeding process for premature infants and explore its application effects.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental research method. Firstly, the best evidence of prompt feeding for premature infants was systematically searched and summarized, and the expert consultation method and clinical practice were used to finally formulate a prompt feeding process for premature infants. The process was applied to clinical practice. A total of 82 hospitalized premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the control group, and routine feeding management was implemented. A total of 86 hospitalized premature infants from April to September 2022 were selected as the observation group. Feeding management for premature infants based on the prompt feeding process was followed, and the feeding efficiency, transition time of full oral feeding, and days of gastric tube retention, hospital stay and the incidence of feeding related complications in the two groups were compared.Results:The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaires were 100%, and the authoritative coefficients of expert opinions were 0.863 and 0.875, respectively. The Kendall harmony coefficients of expert opinions were 0.156 and 0.202, respectively, and the significance tests were all P<0.05. The total oral feeding rate of the observation group was 59.84%(5 256/8 784), the mixed feeding rate was 12.26%(1 077/8 784), and the tube feeding rate was 27.90%(2 451/8 784). Compared with the control group′s 52.20%(4 698/9 000), 14.68%(1 321/9 000), and 33.12%(2 981/9 000), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 105.21, P<0.05). The transition time of full oral feeding, number of days of gastric tube retention, and hospitalization time in the observation group were (5.14 ± 1.67), (6.13 ± 1.62), and (12.77 ± 1.37) days, respectively. Compared with the control group′s (6.22 ± 1.59), (7.17 ± 1.55), and (13.72 ± 1.72) days, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 4.206, 4.26, 3.97, all P<0.05). The incidence of milk choking, hypoxia, and vomiting in the observation group were 9.30%(8/86), 6.98%(6/86), and 11.63%(10/86), respectively, which were lower than the 23.17%(19/82), 19.51%(16/82), and 34.15%(28/82) of the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 5.99, 5.80, 12.16, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of prompt feeding process in premature infants can shorten the transition time of full oral feeding, promote the feeding process, reduce the complications caused by poor feeding, and ensure the feeding safety of premature infants.

Summary of best evidence for exercise evaluation and training in children with congenital heart disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve relevant evidence on exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease at home and abroad, and to summarize the best evidence to provide reference for clinical medical staff.Methods:UpToDate, National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC), Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), BMJ Best Practice, American Heart Association (AHA), Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, PubMed, CINAHL, China Biomedical Literature Database, Yimaitong, Wangfang Database, CNKI were searched, related evidence on exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease. The search period was from the establishment of the database to March 2021. Clinical decision-making and recommended practice used retrospective evaluation methods for quality evaluation; guidelines used the 2012 version of the clinical guideline research and evaluation system (AGREE Ⅱ) for evaluation; systematic reviews used the systematic evaluation tool (AMSTAR) for evaluation; expert consensus used JBI (2016 version) evaluate the authenticity evaluation tools of opinions and consensus articles. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature, combined with the judgment of professionals, and extracted the literature data that met the standards.Results:A total of 15 documents were included, including 2 clinical decisions, 4 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, 5 systematic reviews, 3 expert consensus, and 22 best evidences. Including related personnel, exercise evaluation, exercise monitoring, exercise classification, exercise training, and exercise follow-up.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence of exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease, and provides evidence-based evidence for clinical practice. It is recommended that children with congenital heart disease undergo exercise assessment and formulate a personalized exercise training program to promote the transformation of the best evidence into clinical practice.

Effect of breathing exercises on improving oral feeding ability of premature infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of respiratory training on oral feeding ability, feeding response, transition time, hospitalization time, gastric tube indwelling time and recovery time to birth weight in premature infants. Methods The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) preterm infants who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number method. The observation group was 20 cases, the control group was 21 cases. The control group implemented NICU routine nursing, including oral nursing, umbilical nursing, body position nursing. The observation group received respiratory training exercises on the basis of the control group, and the oral feeding ability of the two groups of premature infants was evaluated and recorded after intervention at the beginning of 0, 5, 10, 15 d.The feeding reaction, transition time, the hospitalization time and gastric tube indwelling time were recorded in two groups of preterm infants. Results The non-nutritive sucking scores after intervention at the beginning of 0, 5, 10, 15 d were (31.10±5.57), (37.50±4.86), (53.20±7.60), (74.90±4.77) points in the observation group . The non-nutritive sucking scores after intervention at the beginning of 0, 5, 10, 15 d were (31.91±5.56), (33.36±6.17), (45.54±5.39), (62.82±6.78) points in the control group. There was no significant difference after intervention at the beginning of 0, 5 d between the two groups (t=-0.333,1.694, all P>0.05), but had the significant difference after intervention at the beginning of 10 ,15 d (t=2.683, 4.676, all P <0.05). The transition time,gastric tube indwelling time and recovery time to birth weight in premature infants was (7.15±1.72), (11.00±2.37), (7.86±1.43) d in the observation group and (10.33±2.44), (16.14±2.29), (9.97±1.69) d in the control group, and there were significant differences between the two groups(t=-4.807, 3.335,-9.905, P <0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the hospitalization time between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Breathing exercises can improve the oral feeding ability and improve the feeding effect of premature infants.

Biological characteristics of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in human breast cancer microenvironment / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and contraction capacities of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in human breast cancer microenvironment. Methods: The protein expressions of fibronectin (FN), alpha-smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) were detected by Western blotting, so as to distinguish CAFs cells from normal fibroblasts (NFs). The proliferation of CAFs and NFs was detected by Roche xCellingence system, cell counting, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The adhesion, migration, invasion and contraction capacities of CAFs were evaluated by the cell adhesion experiment, Roche xCellingence system, Transwell invasion assay and collagen gel contraction assay, respectively. Results: The primary CAFs and NFs cells which were isolated from human breast cancer grew in good condition with active proliferation. The linear types and trends of their growth curves were accorded with the cell growth characteristics. While compared with NFs, CAFs had a robust proliferation capacity, and the obviously stronger abilities of adhesion, migration, invasion, and contraction. Conclusion: There are prodigious differences of proliferation and migration between CAFs and NFs cells in human breast cancer microenvironment. CAFs have the stronger abilities of proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and contraction than NFs. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Second hearing screening model in neonates who failed the first screening / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the significance of the second hearing screening in neonates who failed the first screening during their hospital stay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Screening TEOAE tests were employed in 3849 neonates. The first screen was 3 days after birth. Those who failed were rescreened before discharge (5 - 7 days after birth). Neonates who failed the second screening would have a third screening in 30 - 42 days. Four types of rates were compared: pass rates of three times, rates of single ear fail and double ear fail, pass rates of left ear and right ear, pass rates of Caesarean birth and that of natural labor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference between rates of first time and second time is statistically significant (χ(2) = 38.67, P < 0.01). There is no statistically difference between the total pass rate in ward and that of third time (χ(2) = 2.73, P > 0.05). The pass rate of single ear fail is higher than that of double ears (χ(2) = 34.34, P < 0.01, the difference has statistical significance). The pass rate of left ear is higher than that of right ear (χ(2) = 0.62, P > 0.05, the difference has not statistical significance). The first time screen result showed pass rates of natural labor is higher than that of Caesarean birth (χ(2) = 35.37, P < 0.05), but the differences of pass rates of the second and third time between two delivery method was no statistical significance (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two times of screening in ward could decrease false negative and refer rate, thus relieve parent's mental burden.</p>

G-protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Expression in Primary Breast Cancers and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Variables / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) probably play important roles in the progression of breast cancer including endocrine therapeutic resistance. We evaluated GPER in primary breast cancers. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GPER in paraffin-embedded tissues of primary breast cancers from 423 patients and GPER expression was correlated with clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: GPER was expressed in 63.8% of specimens, coexpressed with estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in 36.6% of tumors and was positive in 62.5% of the ERalpha-negative tumors. The expression of GPER had no relationship with the status of ERalpha, progesterone receptor and HER2. Although the expression of GPER was significantly inversely related with nodal status (p=0.045), no correlation between GPER expression and other clinicopathological variables (age, menstruation status, tumor size, stage, histologic grade, Nottingham Prognostic Index or pathological type) was found. CONCLUSION: GPER and ERalpha exhibited independent expression pattern of distribution in primary breast cancers. A long-term follow-up and a more definite molecular phenotype for ER are necessary in confirming studies.