Introduction to revision of Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance / 中国职业医学

To revise GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance based on national laws, regulations, standards, specifications and legal documents of occupational disease, and combination with the actual situation in China. The main modifications are as follows: the occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to toluene (xylene may implement by reference), bromopropane, methyl iodide, ethylene oxide, chloroacetic acid, indium and its compounds, coal tar, coal tarasphalt, asphalt, β-naphthylamine, dust of metal and its compounds(tin, iron, antimony, barium and its compounds), hard metal dust, erionite dust, low temperature, laser, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and human immunodeficiency virus, for scraper or grind operators, and underground workers using squatting or kneeling position, crawling position, side-lying position, or shoulder position for a long period of time are included. The emergency health screening for workers exposed to arsenic, fluorine and its inorganic compounds, and acrylamide are included. The occupational medical examination (OME) for workers exposed to amino and nitro compounds of benzene, phosgene, monomethylamine, organic fluorine and dimethyl sulfate has been adjusted and made mandatory, with corresponding assessments required upon leaving the job. The special occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis virus is removed. The OME conclusion of reexamination is removed, and standardize recheck/additional inspection requirements. The optional items in OME performed before, during and after leaving post are removed, but the optional items in emergency medical examination are retained. Additional OME items are added. The Guideline for OME Summary Reports is added as informative appendix, and so on. The revised GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance is more scientific and practical.

Analysis on human brucellosis from national reports in China, 2006-2016 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To characterize the features of human brucellosis from national reports of occupational diseases and infectious diseases in China during 2006-2016, and explore the correlations between human brucellosis with the livestock and their products.@*Methods@#From January to October 2018, the data of human brucellosis were extracted from China's annual national reports of occupational diseases and infectious diseases from government circulars during 2006-2016. The data on the number of livestock and the output of livestock products were obtained from China Statistical Yearbook, China Animal Industry Yearbook and China Animal Industry and Veterinary Yearbook. The standards of Diagnosis of occupational infectious disease (GBZ 227-2017) and Diagnostic criteria for brucellosis (WS 269-2007) were compared. The statistics were analyzed using Excel 13.0 and SPSS software 22.0. The linear regression and multiple regression were used to explore the relationships between human brucellosis with the number of livestock and the output of livestock products.@*Results@#The diagnosis of human brucellosis in national reports of occupational diseases was based on GBZ 227-2017, which referred to WS 269-2007. There is an increasing trend from 2006 to 2009, and then declined to 2011, but rebounded from 2012 onwards in human brucellosis in national reports of occupational diseases. The general trend showed an increase during the 2006-2014 period, and then a decrease onwards in human brucellosis in national reports of infectious diseases. The Spearman correlation from SPSS showed the rs value of 0.936 (P<0.001) between human brucellosis cases in national reports of occupational diseases and infectious diseases in China from 2006 to 2016. Human brucellosis had a seasonal and periodic trend, and the cases revealed an epidemic period from April to August, with a peak in June. Human brucellosis cases were positively correlated with the number of cattle and buffaloes, hogs, sheep and goats (P<0.05) , and the output of pork, beef and mutton (P<0.05) . And human brucellosis cases in national reports of infectious diseases were positively associated with the output of sheep wool (β=0.814) , goat wool (β=0.603) , and cashmere (β=0.562) .@*Conclusion@#Human brucellosis both in national reports of occupational diseases and infectious diseases remain severe in China. There are relationships between human brucellosis with the number of livestock and the output of livestock products.

Initial exploration of discordance in public health standards in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Discordance, such as overlap, repetition and inconsistent, of standards is one of the major problems in current standardization affair in China. Therefore, improving the unity and authority of standards through reduction of overlap, repetition and inconsistency has become the main goal of deepening standardization reform in China. This paper summarizes the discordance in public health standards in China, analyzes the major reasons and provides specific strategic suggestions through case analysis of public health standards in the ways of comparisons of same kind standards of other deparments and standards in administration documents and guidelines or technical specifications of academic associations or societies.

A bibliometric analysis of China’s occupational health standard from 2001 to 2016 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the relevant literature on China’s occupational health standard from 2001 to 2016, and to provide a basis for further improving China’s occupational health standard system.@*Methods@#Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Knowledge were used to retrieve relevant literature on China’s occupational health standard from 2001 to 2016. Information of the literature was collected, and type of literature, time and region, first author’s affiliation, and research funding were analyzed by bibliometrics.@*Results@#The relevant literature on China's occupational health standard was concentrated domestically and in the health system, and the number of documents was highly correlated with socio-economic conditions. The literature was dominated by the research on onsite application of occupational health (53.08%) , while there was less research on occupational health standard (11.78%) . The number of published articles and funding intensity were significantly different between centers for disease control and prevention at different levels.@*Conclusion@#It is suggested to accelerate the application of evidence-based medicine and systematic review in the development of occupational health standard, enhance the research ability of county/district-level disease control officers, assist them in summarizing and publishing their daily work experience, and give them appropriate funding, so as to promote the accumulation of knowledge in the field of occupational health.

An analysis of eligibility for occupational health inspection agencies in eight provinces of China / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the eligibility and main problems for occupational health inspection agencies in China, and to provide technical references for improvement of occupational health inspection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A survey was performed in occupational health inspection agencies that obtained eligibility before June 2011 in eight provinces: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei, Guangxi, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Shenzhen. The survey used the General Information Questionnaire for Occupational Health Inspection Agency made by the project of Occupational Health Surveillance and Diagnosis and Identification of Occupational Diseases in China and Australia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 650 agencies obtained eligibility for occupational health inspection in the eight provinces. These agencies contained 343 centers of disease control and prevention (CDC) or health and epidemic prevention stations (52.8%), 219 hospitals (33.7%), 25 institutes or centers for occupational disease prevention and control (3.8%), 29 community health service centers (4.5%), and 34 other agencies (5.2%) including departments of preventive and health care and preventive medicine outpatient departments. Four hundred and fifty-three agencies completed the questionnaire survey with a response rate of 69.7%. The main types of eligible agencies were different among various regions. A majority of occupational health inspection agencies were hospitals in Shanghai and Zhejiang (67.1%, 62.3%), departments of preventive and health care in Shenzhen (70.0%), and CDCs in Chongqing, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Guangxi. Each agency obtained 3.5 occupational health inspection eligibilities on average. Most of agencies could perform eligible health inspection for dust, harmful physical factors, or harmful chemical factors (84.8%, 87.9%, 87.2%). Moreover, 72.8% of agencies were eligible for all the three types of inspections. A few agencies were able to perform eligible health inspection for harmful biological factors or radiation work (22.5%, 23.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An occupational health inspection network has been established in these surveyed regions. CDCs, institutes for occupational disease prevention and control, and hospitals are the main agencies for occupational health inspection. In order to build up a network of occupational disease prevention and control, various agencies should make full use of their own advantages and enhance abilities and technical cooperation.</p>