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Objective By analyzing the incidence, prevalence, mortality, Disability Adjusted of Life Years (DALY) situations and trends of AIDS in China from 1990 to 2019, this paper provides scientific basis for the preventions and controls of AIDS in China. Methods The incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY rate of AIDS from 1990 to 2019 are obtained from GBD 2019 data. The standardardized rate of four indicators are used to compare and analyze the AIDS changes in China, the United States, Japan and the global with the development of years. Results The four indicators of AIDS in China present increasing trends, with male higher than female. The incidence rate increased from 0.82/100 000 in 1990 to 2.24/100 000 in 2019, the prevalence increased from 5.63/100 000 to 38.77/100 000, and the mortality increased from 0.23/100 000 to 2.23/100 000. The DALY rate increased from 13.18/100 000 to 98.15/100 000. Compared with the global and the United States, the standardized rate of four indicators of AIDS in China in 2019 showed a trend of low level, but it was higher than that in Japan. Conclusion In recent years, some progress has been made in AIDS preventions and controls in China, but the disease burden of AIDS is still on the rise. The situation of AIDS preventions and controls is still serious and unremitting efforts should be made to reduce the burden of AIDS.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract ( GBE) on diabetic retinopathy ( DR) and its possible mechanism in rats .METHODS:Goto-Kakizaki ( GK) rats were used as a DR model, and were treated with different doses of GBE.Normal Wistar rats were used as the control.Blood glucose and retina barrier injury were analyzed, respectively.Ganglion cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Moreover, the protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2( Nrf2) , ERK, Bcl-2 and P53, and ERK phosphorylation were examined by Western blot.RESULTS:GBE reduced blood glucose in the DR rats, attenuated retina barrier injury, and decreased the apoptosis of ganglion cells. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2, and phosphorylation of ERK were increased after GBE treatment, whereas P53 expression was decreased.CONCLUSION:GBE protects ganglion cells against apoptosis in DR rats, which may be through activation of Nrf2/ERK pathway and regulating Bcl-2 and P53 expression.
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Objective To discuss the long-term curative effect of botulinum toxin A(BTXA) for treating spasm of eyelid and facial muscle.Methods Ninty-two patients with spasm of eyelid and facial muscle were treated with BTXA and observed for a long term.Results After being injected with BTXA for 1～4 days, the spasm relieved gradually. Sixteen weeks later, the spasm symptoms relapsed. The relapse began mostly from eyelid spasm. The facial spasm's relief time was longer. lt might be up to 24 weeks. After injection, the patients had some slight complications of facial expression numb, ptosis and fissura palpebrae. The above complication symptoms recovered by themselves after two weeks. Conclusion The curative effect of BTXA on treating spasm of eyelid and facial muscle is reliable.